Journal: Translational Neuroscience

Article Title: Long-term sevoflurane exposure relieves stress-enhanced fear learning and anxiety in PTSD mice

doi: 10.1515/tnsci-2022-0313

Figure Lengend Snippet: Changes in D1R and D2R expression in the hippocampus, amygdala, and PFC. (a) Representative blots of each protein. (b and c) Statistical analysis of the relative protein expression. Data are expressed as mean ± SD, N = 3. a p < 0.05 vs control group, b p < 0.05 vs PTSD group.

Article Snippet: The following primary antibodies were used: anti-β-actin (1:1,000 dilution; Abcam), anti-GADPH (1:1,000 dilution; Abcam), anti-cannabinoid CB1 receptor (anti-CB1R; 1:1,000 dilution; Abcam), anti-D1 dopamine receptor (anti-D1R; 1:1,000 dilution; Abcam), anti-D2 dopamine receptor (anti-D2R; 1:1,000 dilution; Abcam), and anti-glucocorticoid receptor (anti-GR; 1:1,000 dilution; Abcam).

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: Molecular Vision

Article Title: Myopia induced by flickering light in guinea pig eyes is associated with increased rather than decreased dopamine release

doi:

Figure Lengend Snippet: Photographs of retinas stained by immunofluorescence staining of D1 dopamine (DA) receptors (D1DR) and D2 DA receptors (D2DR). Green staining is D1DR, red staining is D2DR, blue staining is the cell nucleus (scale bar: 25 μm). D1DR was mainly found on the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and inner nuclear layers (INLs), while D2DR was mainly found on the RGCs and inner plexiform layers (IPL; shows the primary control images for each antibody).

Article Snippet: The sections prepared according to the procedure mentioned above were first blocked in 2% donkey serum in 0.01M PBS(0.2M Na 2 HPO 4 0.2M NaH 2 PO 4 , 0.09% NaCl, pH 7.4) with 0.1% Triton (PBST) and then incubated overnight at 4 °C in a mixture of rabbit anti-D1 DA receptors (D1DR; diluted 1:200; Abcam; CB, UK; catalog reference: ab81296) and mouse anti-D2 DA receptors (D2DR; diluted 1:100; Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA; catalog reference: sc-5303).

Techniques: Staining, Immunofluorescence

Journal: Molecular Vision

Article Title: Myopia induced by flickering light in guinea pig eyes is associated with increased rather than decreased dopamine release

doi:

Figure Lengend Snippet: Levels of D1 and D2 dopamine (DA) receptors in the three groups. A : The number of positive cells in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). In the FDM group, the numbers of both D1 DA receptors (D1DR) and D2 DA receptors ( D2DR) increased compared with the control group (p<0.05); in the FLM group, the numbers of D1DR and D2DR decreased and increased, respectively, compared with the control group (both p<0.05). The numbers of RGCs that coexpressed D1DR and D2DR increased in both the FDM and FLM groups (p<0.05). There were significant differences among the three groups according to the number of two receptors (p<0.05). B : The average optical density of D1DR-positive cells in inner nuclear layers (INLs) was calculated for the three groups. In the INLs and IPLs, the quantities of D1DR and D2DR increased in both the FDM and FLM groups (FLM: flickering light (FL)-induced myopia, FDM: form-deprivation myopia; p<0.05 versus control group), and significant differences were detected among the three groups (p<0.05). C : The average optical density of D2DR-positive cells in the inner plexiform layers (IPL) was calculated for the three groups (*p<0.05 versus control group; #p<0.05 versus FDM group; data are presented as mean ± standard error of the mean [SEM]).

Article Snippet: The sections prepared according to the procedure mentioned above were first blocked in 2% donkey serum in 0.01M PBS(0.2M Na 2 HPO 4 0.2M NaH 2 PO 4 , 0.09% NaCl, pH 7.4) with 0.1% Triton (PBST) and then incubated overnight at 4 °C in a mixture of rabbit anti-D1 DA receptors (D1DR; diluted 1:200; Abcam; CB, UK; catalog reference: ab81296) and mouse anti-D2 DA receptors (D2DR; diluted 1:100; Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA; catalog reference: sc-5303).

Techniques:

Journal: Molecular Vision

Article Title: Myopia induced by flickering light in guinea pig eyes is associated with increased rather than decreased dopamine release

doi:

Figure Lengend Snippet: Analyses of D1 dopamine (DA) receptor (D1DR) expression in the retinas of three groups by western blot. The expression of D1DR in the FLM eyes was less upregulated than that in the FDM eyes compared with the controls (all p<0.05; FLM: flickering light (FL)-induced myopia, FDM: form-deprivation myopia. *p<0.05 versus control group; #p<0.05 versus FDM group; data were presented as mean ± standard error of the mean [SEM]).

Article Snippet: The sections prepared according to the procedure mentioned above were first blocked in 2% donkey serum in 0.01M PBS(0.2M Na 2 HPO 4 0.2M NaH 2 PO 4 , 0.09% NaCl, pH 7.4) with 0.1% Triton (PBST) and then incubated overnight at 4 °C in a mixture of rabbit anti-D1 DA receptors (D1DR; diluted 1:200; Abcam; CB, UK; catalog reference: ab81296) and mouse anti-D2 DA receptors (D2DR; diluted 1:100; Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA; catalog reference: sc-5303).

Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot

Journal: Medical Science Monitor : International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research

Article Title: Salicylate Induced GABA A R Internalization by Dopamine D1-Like Receptors Involving Protein Kinase C (PKC) in Spiral Ganglion Neurons

doi: 10.12659/MSM.933278

Figure Lengend Snippet: Expression of DRD1 and GABARγ2 on SGNs. ( A ) SGNs were labeled with βIII-tubulin (red) and DRD1 (green), 400×. ( B ) SGNs were labeled with βIII-tubulin (green) and GABARγ2 (red), 400×. Scale bar: 20 μM. Olympus CellSens Standard 1.17 (Japan) was used for the creation of the figures.

Article Snippet: SGNs cultured for 48 h were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde at room temperature for 20 min, then washed with phosphate buffered Bsaline (PBS) and permeabilized with 0.2% Triton X-100 for 10 min. After blocking by 5% goat serum for 30 min, SGNs were incubated with primary antibodies overnight at 4°C: mouse or rabbit anti-βIII-tubulin (a neuronal marker) antibodies (1: 100, Abcam, USA), rabbit anti-dopamine D1 receptors (DRD1) antibody (1: 100, Abcam, USA), and mouse anti-GABARγ2 antibody (1: 100, Millipore, USA).

Techniques: Expressing, Labeling

Journal: Pharmaceuticals

Article Title: Mepirapim, a Novel Synthetic Cannabinoid, Induces Addiction-Related Behaviors through Neurochemical Maladaptation in the Brain of Rodents

doi: 10.3390/ph15060710

Figure Lengend Snippet: Mepirapim treatment-induced changes in the expression of proteins related to DA and GABA in mouse VTA and NAc. Mice in each group were treated with either vehicle or Mepirapim (1 and 3 mg·kg −1 , i.p.) during the CPP test and tetrad test, respectively ( n = 5 per group). Western blot analysis of protein expression in VTA ( A – C ) and NAc ( D – F ). Data are presented as means ± SEMs. Significant differences between the vehicle group and other groups are indicated by * p < 0.05. CB1R: cannabinoid receptor 1, D1DR: dopamine receptor D1, GABA A : γ-aminobutyric acid receptor A, GAD: glutamate decarboxylase, TH: tyrosine hydroxylase.

Article Snippet: Samples containing 5 μg of protein were separated in 8–10% SDS–polyacrylamide gels and transferred to polyvinylidene difluoride transfer membranes in transfer buffer (25 mM Tris−HCl buffer containing 192 mM glycine and 20% v / v methanol) at 4 °C for 1 h. Membranes were blocked with 5% nonfat milk containing 0.5 mM Tris−HCl (pH 7.5), 150 mM NaCl and 0.1% Tween-20 and incubated at room temperature (20 °C–25 °C) for 1 h. The membrane was subsequently incubated with primary antibodies to β-actin (1:1000, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA, Cat# sc-47778, RRID: AB_626632), cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) (1:1000; Abcam, Cambridge, UK, Cat# ab23703), RRID: AB_447623), dopamine receptor D1 (D1DR) (1:1000; Abcam, Cambridge, UK, Cat# ab216644), γ-aminobutyric acid receptor A (GABA A ) (1:1000; Abcam, Cambridge, UK, Cat# ab154822), RRID: AB_447623), glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) (1:5000, Millipore, Burlington, Middlesex County, MA, USA, Cat# MAB5406, RRID: AB_2278725), or tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) (1:2000, Cell Signalling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA, Cat# 2792, RRID:AB_2303165) on a shaker (100 rpm) in a refrigerator (2 °C–8 °C) for 15 h. After five washes with Tris-buffered saline with 0.1% Tween-20 (TBST), membranes were incubated with goat anti-rabbit (1:3000, Cell Signalling Technology) or anti-mouse (1:10,000, GenDEPOT, Katy, TX, USA) horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated secondary antibodies in TBST with 5% non-fat milk at room temperature (20 °C–25 °C) for 1 h. Membranes were washed again five times in TBST buffer.

Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot

Journal: Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience

Article Title: Knockout of Dopamine D3 Receptor Gene Blocked Methamphetamine-Induced Distinct Changes of Dopaminergic and Glutamatergic Synapse in the Nucleus Accumbens Shell of Mice

doi: 10.3389/fncel.2022.893190

Figure Lengend Snippet: Knockout of dopamine D3 receptor gene blocked the changes of dopamine D1 receptor-positive synapses in the NAcsh of METH-sensitized mice. (A) Nucleus accumbens (NAc) diagram of mice. Coronal brain section representing relative sites of NAcsh (Gray-shaded area). (B–E) Ultrastructure photos showed synapses in the NAcsh of mice. The red arrows indicated the dopamine D1 receptor-positive synapses, the yellow arrows indicated the silver-intensified gold particles, and the blue arrows indicated the non-positive synapses. Scale bars = 500 μm. (F–G) Quantification of the number (F) and rate (G) of the dopamine D1 receptor-positive synapses of the four groups of mice ( n = 3 mice each). * P < 0.05 compared with the same genotype in saline group; # P < 0.05 compared with same-dose WT mice. Values are presented as mean ±SEM. NAcc, nucleus accumben core; NAcsh, nucleus accumben shell; aca, anterior commissure; CPu, caudate putamen; WT, wild type.

Article Snippet: Briefly, the sections were incubated at room temperature for 24 h with a rabbit anti-dopamine receptor D1 (1:50, Abcam, Cat#ab20066, RRID:AB_445306 ), a mouse anti-dopamine receptor D2 (1:100, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Cat#sc-5303, RRID:AB_668816 ), and a rabbit anti-NR2B (1:50, Abcam, Cat#ab65783, RRID:AB_1658870 ), respectively.

Techniques: Knock-Out

Journal: Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience

Article Title: Knockout of Dopamine D3 Receptor Gene Blocked Methamphetamine-Induced Distinct Changes of Dopaminergic and Glutamatergic Synapse in the Nucleus Accumbens Shell of Mice

doi: 10.3389/fncel.2022.893190

Figure Lengend Snippet: Knockout of dopamine D3 receptor gene blocked the changes of D1R-positive cells in the NAcsh of METH-sensitized mice. (A) Fluorescent staining of the dopamine D1 receptor in the NAcsh. The red arrows indicated the D1R-positive cells. Scale bars = 50 μm. (B,C) Quantification of the number (B) and rate (C) of D1R-positive cells in the NAcsh of the four groups of mice ( n = 3 mice each). * P < 0.05 compared with the same genotype in saline group; # P < 0.05 compared with same-dose WT mice; & P < 0.05 compared with the different genotype in saline group. Values are presented as mean ±SEM. WT, wild type.

Article Snippet: Briefly, the sections were incubated at room temperature for 24 h with a rabbit anti-dopamine receptor D1 (1:50, Abcam, Cat#ab20066, RRID:AB_445306 ), a mouse anti-dopamine receptor D2 (1:100, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Cat#sc-5303, RRID:AB_668816 ), and a rabbit anti-NR2B (1:50, Abcam, Cat#ab65783, RRID:AB_1658870 ), respectively.

Techniques: Knock-Out, Staining