Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Metagenomic profiling of antimicrobial resistance in wastewater from metropolitan cities of India

doi: 10.1038/s41467-026-70702-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: a Bar plot showing percentage of MAGs that were successfully resolved at different taxonomic levels. b Quality Control (QC) metrics of MAGs that were resolved and unresolved at the species level. A two-tailed t -test was performed between the two groups (Known MAG = 349, Novel MAG = 491). P -value was adjusted using Benjamini–Hochberg method. The line inside the box indicates median and hinges represent the 25th and 75th percentiles. The whiskers extend to 1.5 times the inter quartile range. (Exact p -value; Completeness = 5.94e−06, Contamination = 7.02e−06, log (Contigs N50) = 3.21e−09, Genome size = 7.68e−01, Total contigs = 6.26e−08). c Sankey plot showing the classification of MAGs at different taxonomic levels. Edge widths are proportional to the proportion of MAGs associated with those taxonomic levels. Edges with proportion less than 0.02 were excluded.

Article Snippet: Overall, about 10% of ARG-carrying contigs had MGEs and were candidates for horizontal transfer of ARGs (Chennai 6%, Delhi 9%, Chennai 17% and Mumbai 9%).

Techniques: Control, Two Tailed Test

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Metagenomic profiling of antimicrobial resistance in wastewater from metropolitan cities of India

doi: 10.1038/s41467-026-70702-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: a Proportions of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARG)-carrying contigs for top 10 abundant ARGs in the four metro cities. The ARGs on the y-axis are sorted by drug class to which ARGs were conferring resistance. b Proportions of contigs for top 10 abundant drug classes in the four metro cities. The union of drug classes from all four cities are represented here. The drug classes on the y-axis are sorted by their overall abundance. c Dot plot showing relationship between ARG-carrying contigs and mobile genetic elements. The x-axis depicts the proportion of ARG carrying contigs for each drug class. Y-axis shows the proportion of ARG-carrying contigs co-occurring with MGE (Plasmid and Transposon). Size of the dot is proportional to the number of unique ARGs identified for each drug class. The shape of the dot represents the city. The color legend is common for all the 3 panels.

Article Snippet: Overall, about 10% of ARG-carrying contigs had MGEs and were candidates for horizontal transfer of ARGs (Chennai 6%, Delhi 9%, Chennai 17% and Mumbai 9%).

Techniques: Plasmid Preparation

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Metagenomic profiling of antimicrobial resistance in wastewater from metropolitan cities of India

doi: 10.1038/s41467-026-70702-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: a Correlation network for each city. Pearson correlation was calculated between each pair of nodes and p -value was corrected using Benjamini–Hochberg method. Two nodes were connected if adjusted p -value < 0.01. The outlines around the nodes define the community, generated by maximizing modularity. The color of the node signifies the Phylum of the MAG, as per panel ( e ). MAGs of known species are represented as circles, and potentially novel species as squares. b Temporal abundance of top six communities (by member nodes), where the abundance is calculated by mean abundance of member MAGs. The communities are named from 1 to 6 for each city where the 1st community has the maximum members and 6th community has the least. The size of the line also signifies community members. c Pairwise Pearson correlation of temporal abundance of communities (top left diagonal), and similarity (1-Bray–Curtis distance) between communities based on phylum composition (bottom right diagonal). The nodes are ordered using the ‘hclust’ method on 1-Bray–Curtis distance. d The bar plot showing the proportion of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARG) contigs in each community. The communities are ordered as in panel ( c ). e The legend describing colors used for node’s phylum in the network and if they were classified till the species level. Size of the point signifies the number of nodes.

Article Snippet: Overall, about 10% of ARG-carrying contigs had MGEs and were candidates for horizontal transfer of ARGs (Chennai 6%, Delhi 9%, Chennai 17% and Mumbai 9%).

Techniques: Generated