antibodies against bst2  (Cell Signaling Technology Inc)


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    Structured Review

    Cell Signaling Technology Inc antibodies against bst2
    Correlation between the genes in the LASSO model and immune cell infiltrations in type 2 diabetic islets. (a) Heatmap for the associations between hub genes and immune cell infiltrations. Red: positive correlation and blue: negative correlation. (b) Associations between <t>BST2</t> expression and immune cell infiltrations. (c) Associations between BTBD1 expression and immune cell infiltrations. (d) Associations between IFIT1 expression and immune cell infiltrations. (e) Associations between IFIT3 expression and immune cell infiltrations. (f) Associations between RTP4 expression and immune cell infiltrations. The bigger the circle, the stronger the correlation.
    Antibodies Against Bst2, supplied by Cell Signaling Technology Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 93/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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    Images

    1) Product Images from "Establishment and Verification of a Gene Signature for Diagnosing Type 2 Diabetics by WGCNA, LASSO Analysis, and In Vitro Experiments"

    Article Title: Establishment and Verification of a Gene Signature for Diagnosing Type 2 Diabetics by WGCNA, LASSO Analysis, and In Vitro Experiments

    Journal: BioMed Research International

    doi: 10.1155/2022/4446342

    Correlation between the genes in the LASSO model and immune cell infiltrations in type 2 diabetic islets. (a) Heatmap for the associations between hub genes and immune cell infiltrations. Red: positive correlation and blue: negative correlation. (b) Associations between BST2 expression and immune cell infiltrations. (c) Associations between BTBD1 expression and immune cell infiltrations. (d) Associations between IFIT1 expression and immune cell infiltrations. (e) Associations between IFIT3 expression and immune cell infiltrations. (f) Associations between RTP4 expression and immune cell infiltrations. The bigger the circle, the stronger the correlation.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Correlation between the genes in the LASSO model and immune cell infiltrations in type 2 diabetic islets. (a) Heatmap for the associations between hub genes and immune cell infiltrations. Red: positive correlation and blue: negative correlation. (b) Associations between BST2 expression and immune cell infiltrations. (c) Associations between BTBD1 expression and immune cell infiltrations. (d) Associations between IFIT1 expression and immune cell infiltrations. (e) Associations between IFIT3 expression and immune cell infiltrations. (f) Associations between RTP4 expression and immune cell infiltrations. The bigger the circle, the stronger the correlation.

    Techniques Used: Expressing

    Expression and involved signaling pathways for the genes in the LASSO model in type 2 diabetic islets. (a) Box plot of the expression of the genes in the LASSO model BST2, BTBD1, IFIT1, IFIT3, and RTP4 between type 2 diabetic islets and normal islets. Ns: Not significant; ∗∗ p < 0.01. (b)–(f) GSEA for identifying the signaling pathways that were positively associated with (b) BST2, (c) BTBD1, (d) IFIT1, (e) IFIT3, and (f) RTP4.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Expression and involved signaling pathways for the genes in the LASSO model in type 2 diabetic islets. (a) Box plot of the expression of the genes in the LASSO model BST2, BTBD1, IFIT1, IFIT3, and RTP4 between type 2 diabetic islets and normal islets. Ns: Not significant; ∗∗ p < 0.01. (b)–(f) GSEA for identifying the signaling pathways that were positively associated with (b) BST2, (c) BTBD1, (d) IFIT1, (e) IFIT3, and (f) RTP4.

    Techniques Used: Expressing

    Validation of the expression of the genes in the LASSO model in glucotoxicity models and normal islet β cells. (a) and (b) RT-qPCR for validating the mRNA expression of (a) BST2 and (b) BTBD1 in glucotoxicity models and normal islet β cells. (c) Representative images of western blot of BST2 and BTBD1 in glucotoxicity models and normal islet β cells. (d) and (e) Quantification results of BST2 and BTBD1 expression in two groups according to western blot. ∗ p < 0.05; ∗∗ p < 0.01; ∗∗∗ p < 0.001.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Validation of the expression of the genes in the LASSO model in glucotoxicity models and normal islet β cells. (a) and (b) RT-qPCR for validating the mRNA expression of (a) BST2 and (b) BTBD1 in glucotoxicity models and normal islet β cells. (c) Representative images of western blot of BST2 and BTBD1 in glucotoxicity models and normal islet β cells. (d) and (e) Quantification results of BST2 and BTBD1 expression in two groups according to western blot. ∗ p < 0.05; ∗∗ p < 0.01; ∗∗∗ p < 0.001.

    Techniques Used: Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR, Western Blot

    Silencing BST2 ameliorates apoptosis of glucotoxicity islet β cell models and influences the activation of TGF- β and P53 pathways. (a) RT-qPCR of the expression of BST2 mRNA in islet β cells with si-NC or si-BST2 transfection. (b) and (c) Flow cytometry of apoptotic levels of glucotoxicity models and normal islet β cells. (d) and (e) Flow cytometry of apoptotic levels of glucotoxicity models under si-NC or si-BST2 transfection. (f)–(h) Western blot of the expression of TGF- β and P53 proteins in glucotoxicity models and normal islet β cells. (i)–(k) Western blot of the expression of TGF- β and P53 proteins in glucotoxicity models under si-NC or si-BST2 transfection. ∗∗ p < 0.01; ∗∗∗ p < 0.001.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Silencing BST2 ameliorates apoptosis of glucotoxicity islet β cell models and influences the activation of TGF- β and P53 pathways. (a) RT-qPCR of the expression of BST2 mRNA in islet β cells with si-NC or si-BST2 transfection. (b) and (c) Flow cytometry of apoptotic levels of glucotoxicity models and normal islet β cells. (d) and (e) Flow cytometry of apoptotic levels of glucotoxicity models under si-NC or si-BST2 transfection. (f)–(h) Western blot of the expression of TGF- β and P53 proteins in glucotoxicity models and normal islet β cells. (i)–(k) Western blot of the expression of TGF- β and P53 proteins in glucotoxicity models under si-NC or si-BST2 transfection. ∗∗ p < 0.01; ∗∗∗ p < 0.001.

    Techniques Used: Activation Assay, Quantitative RT-PCR, Expressing, Transfection, Flow Cytometry, Western Blot

    rabbit polyclonal anti bst2  (Cell Signaling Technology Inc)


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    Cell Signaling Technology Inc rabbit polyclonal anti bst2
    (A) Overview of the interaction between <t>BST2,</t> Vpu, LC3C and ATG5. (B) Immunoprecipitation of endogenous BST2 in HeLa cells extracts co-transfected with plasmids expressing Flag-ATG5, Flag-LC3C and Flag-Beclin 1. Immunoprecipitated proteins were detected by western blotting using rabbit anti-BST2 and anti-Flag HRP antibodies. (C) Immunoprecipitation of endogenous BST2 in HeLa cells extracts co-transfected with plasmids expressing Flag-ATG5 and GFP or Vpu-GFP. Immunoprecipitated proteins were detected by western blotting using rabbit anti-BST2 and anti-Flag HRP antibodies. (D) Immunoprecipitation of endogenous BST2 in Parental (CTRL) or ATG5 knockout (ATG5 -/- 129#9 or 92#3) HeLa cells extracts co-transfected with vectors encoding for Flag-LC3C and GFP or Vpu-GFP. Immunoprecipitated proteins were detected by western blotting using rabbit anti-BST2 and anti-Flag-HRP antibodies. All Western blots presented are representative of at least three independent experiments. Immunoprecipitation of endogenous BST2 were done with mouse anti-BST2 antibodies in all experiments.
    Rabbit Polyclonal Anti Bst2, supplied by Cell Signaling Technology Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 86/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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    Images

    1) Product Images from "ATG5 selectively engages virus-tethered BST2/Tetherin in an LC3C-associated pathway"

    Article Title: ATG5 selectively engages virus-tethered BST2/Tetherin in an LC3C-associated pathway

    Journal: bioRxiv

    doi: 10.1101/2023.01.06.522978

    (A) Overview of the interaction between BST2, Vpu, LC3C and ATG5. (B) Immunoprecipitation of endogenous BST2 in HeLa cells extracts co-transfected with plasmids expressing Flag-ATG5, Flag-LC3C and Flag-Beclin 1. Immunoprecipitated proteins were detected by western blotting using rabbit anti-BST2 and anti-Flag HRP antibodies. (C) Immunoprecipitation of endogenous BST2 in HeLa cells extracts co-transfected with plasmids expressing Flag-ATG5 and GFP or Vpu-GFP. Immunoprecipitated proteins were detected by western blotting using rabbit anti-BST2 and anti-Flag HRP antibodies. (D) Immunoprecipitation of endogenous BST2 in Parental (CTRL) or ATG5 knockout (ATG5 -/- 129#9 or 92#3) HeLa cells extracts co-transfected with vectors encoding for Flag-LC3C and GFP or Vpu-GFP. Immunoprecipitated proteins were detected by western blotting using rabbit anti-BST2 and anti-Flag-HRP antibodies. All Western blots presented are representative of at least three independent experiments. Immunoprecipitation of endogenous BST2 were done with mouse anti-BST2 antibodies in all experiments.
    Figure Legend Snippet: (A) Overview of the interaction between BST2, Vpu, LC3C and ATG5. (B) Immunoprecipitation of endogenous BST2 in HeLa cells extracts co-transfected with plasmids expressing Flag-ATG5, Flag-LC3C and Flag-Beclin 1. Immunoprecipitated proteins were detected by western blotting using rabbit anti-BST2 and anti-Flag HRP antibodies. (C) Immunoprecipitation of endogenous BST2 in HeLa cells extracts co-transfected with plasmids expressing Flag-ATG5 and GFP or Vpu-GFP. Immunoprecipitated proteins were detected by western blotting using rabbit anti-BST2 and anti-Flag HRP antibodies. (D) Immunoprecipitation of endogenous BST2 in Parental (CTRL) or ATG5 knockout (ATG5 -/- 129#9 or 92#3) HeLa cells extracts co-transfected with vectors encoding for Flag-LC3C and GFP or Vpu-GFP. Immunoprecipitated proteins were detected by western blotting using rabbit anti-BST2 and anti-Flag-HRP antibodies. All Western blots presented are representative of at least three independent experiments. Immunoprecipitation of endogenous BST2 were done with mouse anti-BST2 antibodies in all experiments.

    Techniques Used: Immunoprecipitation, Transfection, Expressing, Western Blot, Knock-Out

    (A) Immunoprecipitation of endogenous BST2 in Parental (CTRL) or LC3C knockout (LC3C -/- 196#212 or 97#9) HeLa cells extracts co-transfected with p3XFlag-ATG5. Immunoprecipitated proteins were detected by western blotting using anti-BST2 and anti-Flag-HRP antibodies. (B) Parental (CTRL) or ATG5 knockout (ATG5 -/- 129#9 or 92#3) HeLa cells were incubated in full medium (FM) or EBSS for amino acid depletion (ES) without or with Bafilomycin A1 (EB) for 2 h before immunoblotting for ATG5, Actin, and LC3B
    Figure Legend Snippet: (A) Immunoprecipitation of endogenous BST2 in Parental (CTRL) or LC3C knockout (LC3C -/- 196#212 or 97#9) HeLa cells extracts co-transfected with p3XFlag-ATG5. Immunoprecipitated proteins were detected by western blotting using anti-BST2 and anti-Flag-HRP antibodies. (B) Parental (CTRL) or ATG5 knockout (ATG5 -/- 129#9 or 92#3) HeLa cells were incubated in full medium (FM) or EBSS for amino acid depletion (ES) without or with Bafilomycin A1 (EB) for 2 h before immunoblotting for ATG5, Actin, and LC3B

    Techniques Used: Immunoprecipitation, Knock-Out, Transfection, Western Blot, Incubation

    (A) Confocal fluorescence microscopy of HeLa cells transfected with indicated siRNA and infected with VSV-G-pseudotyped HIV-1 WT MA-YFP at a MOI of 0.5 for 24 hrs following cell surface staining with human anti-Env (SUgp120) and rabbit anti-BST2 antibodies. Scale Bar: 10µM. Immunofluorescence images presented are representative of at least three independent experiments. (B) Cryosections of HeLa cells treated with CTRL (a) or ATG5 (b) siRNA for 72hrs and then infected with VSV-G pseudotyped HIV-1 WT for 48 hrs before labelling with antibodies against CAp24 and 10-nm protein A-gold. Scale bar, 100nm. (c) Clusters of viral particles at the cell surface in ATG5 depleted cells. (d) Enlargement of the region indicated in the upper panel (c). (C) Quantification of the number of clusters of viral particles per 10000 µm 2 analyzed in (A). The number of clusters of viral particles in control, ATG5 and Beclin-1-depleted cells was determined by scanning 8815, 11540 and 10315 µm 2 , respectively. (D) Relative distribution of HIV-1 particles in cluster presented in (A). The total number of clusters of HIV-1 particles counted in control, ATG5 and Beclin-1-depleted cells was 7, 45 and 15, respectively. (E) HeLa cells transfected with indicated siRNA were infected with a VSV-G pseudotyped HIV-1 NL4.3 WT at a MOI of 0.5 for 48 hrs. Cell-associated CAp24 and released CAp24 were quantified by Elisa. Statistical analysis using two-way ANOVA with Holm-Sidak’s multiple comparison test, mean ± SEM, n=3 experiments; *p ≤ 0.05, ** p ≤ 0.01. Western blot analysis of HIV-1 Gag and CAp24 products, Vpu, BST2, ATG5 and tubulin in infected siRNA-treated cells. All western blot are representative of at least three independent experiments.
    Figure Legend Snippet: (A) Confocal fluorescence microscopy of HeLa cells transfected with indicated siRNA and infected with VSV-G-pseudotyped HIV-1 WT MA-YFP at a MOI of 0.5 for 24 hrs following cell surface staining with human anti-Env (SUgp120) and rabbit anti-BST2 antibodies. Scale Bar: 10µM. Immunofluorescence images presented are representative of at least three independent experiments. (B) Cryosections of HeLa cells treated with CTRL (a) or ATG5 (b) siRNA for 72hrs and then infected with VSV-G pseudotyped HIV-1 WT for 48 hrs before labelling with antibodies against CAp24 and 10-nm protein A-gold. Scale bar, 100nm. (c) Clusters of viral particles at the cell surface in ATG5 depleted cells. (d) Enlargement of the region indicated in the upper panel (c). (C) Quantification of the number of clusters of viral particles per 10000 µm 2 analyzed in (A). The number of clusters of viral particles in control, ATG5 and Beclin-1-depleted cells was determined by scanning 8815, 11540 and 10315 µm 2 , respectively. (D) Relative distribution of HIV-1 particles in cluster presented in (A). The total number of clusters of HIV-1 particles counted in control, ATG5 and Beclin-1-depleted cells was 7, 45 and 15, respectively. (E) HeLa cells transfected with indicated siRNA were infected with a VSV-G pseudotyped HIV-1 NL4.3 WT at a MOI of 0.5 for 48 hrs. Cell-associated CAp24 and released CAp24 were quantified by Elisa. Statistical analysis using two-way ANOVA with Holm-Sidak’s multiple comparison test, mean ± SEM, n=3 experiments; *p ≤ 0.05, ** p ≤ 0.01. Western blot analysis of HIV-1 Gag and CAp24 products, Vpu, BST2, ATG5 and tubulin in infected siRNA-treated cells. All western blot are representative of at least three independent experiments.

    Techniques Used: Fluorescence, Microscopy, Transfection, Infection, Staining, Immunofluorescence, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Western Blot

    HeLa cells transfected with either control siRNA (CTRL) or siRNA targeting ATG5 were infected with a VSV-G pseudotyped WT or Udel NL4.3 HIV-1 at a MOI of 0.5. Twenty-four hours later, cells were stained at the cell surface with anti-BST2 antibody. Cells were then fixed, permeabilized and stained for Gag using anti-CAp24 antibody. Cells were then processed for flow cytometry analysis. Bar graphs represent cell surface level of BST2 in CAp24 negative and positive cells for each siRNA condition. Values are expressed as the Mean Fluorescence Intensity (MFI). Statistical analysis using two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison test, mean ± SEM, n=3 experiments; ** p ≤ 0.01, *** p ≤ 0.001.
    Figure Legend Snippet: HeLa cells transfected with either control siRNA (CTRL) or siRNA targeting ATG5 were infected with a VSV-G pseudotyped WT or Udel NL4.3 HIV-1 at a MOI of 0.5. Twenty-four hours later, cells were stained at the cell surface with anti-BST2 antibody. Cells were then fixed, permeabilized and stained for Gag using anti-CAp24 antibody. Cells were then processed for flow cytometry analysis. Bar graphs represent cell surface level of BST2 in CAp24 negative and positive cells for each siRNA condition. Values are expressed as the Mean Fluorescence Intensity (MFI). Statistical analysis using two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison test, mean ± SEM, n=3 experiments; ** p ≤ 0.01, *** p ≤ 0.001.

    Techniques Used: Transfection, Infection, Staining, Flow Cytometry, Fluorescence

    (A) HEK293T cells were co-transfected with p3XFlag-ATG5, either pcDNA or pcDNA-BST2 WT and the provirus HIV-1 WT or Vpu-deleted (Udel) for 24 hrs. BST2 was immunoprecipitated with mouse anti-BST2 antibodies and immunoprecipitated proteins were detected by western blotting using rabbit anti-BST2 and anti-Flag-HRP antibodies. Quantification of the relative amount of ATG5 immunoprecipitated with BST2 WT upon infection in three experiments. (B) HeLa cells were co-transfected with vector encoding for Flag-ATG5 and the provirus HIV-1 WT or Vpu-deleted (Udel) for 24 hrs. Proteins were detected by western blotting using anti-Flag-HRP and anti-GAPDH antibodies. Quantification of the relative amount of unconjugated ATG5 after normalization to the ATG5-ATG12 conjugate form upon infection in five experiments. (C) Immunoprecipitation of GFP in HeLa cells extracts transfected with vectors expressing GFP, GFP-ATG5 or GFP-ATG5 K130R. Immunoprecipitated proteins were detected by western blotting using rabbit anti-BST2 and anti-GFP HRP antibodies.
    Figure Legend Snippet: (A) HEK293T cells were co-transfected with p3XFlag-ATG5, either pcDNA or pcDNA-BST2 WT and the provirus HIV-1 WT or Vpu-deleted (Udel) for 24 hrs. BST2 was immunoprecipitated with mouse anti-BST2 antibodies and immunoprecipitated proteins were detected by western blotting using rabbit anti-BST2 and anti-Flag-HRP antibodies. Quantification of the relative amount of ATG5 immunoprecipitated with BST2 WT upon infection in three experiments. (B) HeLa cells were co-transfected with vector encoding for Flag-ATG5 and the provirus HIV-1 WT or Vpu-deleted (Udel) for 24 hrs. Proteins were detected by western blotting using anti-Flag-HRP and anti-GAPDH antibodies. Quantification of the relative amount of unconjugated ATG5 after normalization to the ATG5-ATG12 conjugate form upon infection in five experiments. (C) Immunoprecipitation of GFP in HeLa cells extracts transfected with vectors expressing GFP, GFP-ATG5 or GFP-ATG5 K130R. Immunoprecipitated proteins were detected by western blotting using rabbit anti-BST2 and anti-GFP HRP antibodies.

    Techniques Used: Transfection, Immunoprecipitation, Western Blot, Infection, Plasmid Preparation, Expressing

    (A) HeLa cells were transfected with plasmids expressing HA-ATG5 and either Flag, Flag-BST2 or Flag-BST2 truncated for its cytosolic domain (BST2 Delta CT). Flag-tagged proteins were immunoprecipitated with anti-Flag antibodies. Immunoprecipitated proteins were detected by western blotting using anti-HA-HRP and anti-Flag-HRP antibodies. (B) Schematic representation of human BST2 showing the GPI anchor, the coiled-coil and the transmembrane domains as well as the cytoplasmic tail. Indicated in blue, red and green respectively were the amino acids essential for the N-linked glycosylation (N 65 and N 92 ), dimerization (C 53 , C 63 , C 91 ) and phosphorylation (Y 6 , Y 8 ) of BST2. (C) HEK293T cells were co-transfected with vectors expressing Flag-ATG5, either pcDNA-BST2 WT or BST2 Y 6 Y 8 (double tyrosine phosphorylation defective mutant) or BST2 C3A (triple cysteine dimerization defective mutant) and the provirus WT or Vpu-deleted (Udel) NL4.3 HIV-1 for 24 hrs. BST2 was immunoprecipitated with mouse anti-BST2 antibodies and immunoprecipitated proteins were detected by western blotting using rabbit anti-BST2 and anti-Flag-HRP antibodies. Quantification of the relative amount of ATG5 immunoprecipitated with BST2 WT; BST2 Y 6 Y 8 or BST2 C3A upon infection in four experiments. All Western blots presented are representative of at least three independent experiments.
    Figure Legend Snippet: (A) HeLa cells were transfected with plasmids expressing HA-ATG5 and either Flag, Flag-BST2 or Flag-BST2 truncated for its cytosolic domain (BST2 Delta CT). Flag-tagged proteins were immunoprecipitated with anti-Flag antibodies. Immunoprecipitated proteins were detected by western blotting using anti-HA-HRP and anti-Flag-HRP antibodies. (B) Schematic representation of human BST2 showing the GPI anchor, the coiled-coil and the transmembrane domains as well as the cytoplasmic tail. Indicated in blue, red and green respectively were the amino acids essential for the N-linked glycosylation (N 65 and N 92 ), dimerization (C 53 , C 63 , C 91 ) and phosphorylation (Y 6 , Y 8 ) of BST2. (C) HEK293T cells were co-transfected with vectors expressing Flag-ATG5, either pcDNA-BST2 WT or BST2 Y 6 Y 8 (double tyrosine phosphorylation defective mutant) or BST2 C3A (triple cysteine dimerization defective mutant) and the provirus WT or Vpu-deleted (Udel) NL4.3 HIV-1 for 24 hrs. BST2 was immunoprecipitated with mouse anti-BST2 antibodies and immunoprecipitated proteins were detected by western blotting using rabbit anti-BST2 and anti-Flag-HRP antibodies. Quantification of the relative amount of ATG5 immunoprecipitated with BST2 WT; BST2 Y 6 Y 8 or BST2 C3A upon infection in four experiments. All Western blots presented are representative of at least three independent experiments.

    Techniques Used: Transfection, Expressing, Immunoprecipitation, Western Blot, Mutagenesis, Infection

    (A) HEK293T cells were transfected with p3XFlag-ATG5 and either pcDNA, pcDNA-BST2 WT, or pcDNA-BST2 M1A encoding for the short isoform of BST2. BST2 was immunoprecipitated with mouse anti-BST2 antibodies. Immunoprecipitated proteins were detected by western blotting using anti-flag-HRP and rabbit anti-BST2 antibodies. (B) Schematic representation of alanine mutagenesis in the cytoplasmic domain of BST2. (C) HEK293T cells were transfected with pCMV-HA-ATG5 and either pcDNA, pcDNA-BST2 WT, or plasmids encoding for mutated BST2 as described in (B). BST2 was immunoprecipitated with mouse anti-BST2 antibodies. Immunoprecipitated proteins were detected by western blotting using anti-HA-HRP and rabbit anti-BST2 antibodies. (D-E) HEK293T cells were co-transfected with either pcDNA-BST2 WT or BST2 Y 6 Y 8 (double tyrosine phosphorylation defective mutant) or BST2 C3A (triple cysteine dimerization defective mutant) and the WT or Udel NL4.3 HIV-1 provirus. BST2 dimerization and phosphorylation were analyzed. For the detection of BST2 phosphorylation, BST2 was immunoprecipitated with a mouse anti-BST2 antibody and deglycosylated precipitates were analyzed by western blot using a rabbit antibody specific of phosphorylated tyrosine 6 and 8 of BST2 and a mouse anti-BST2 antibody (D). For BST2 dimerization, cell lysates were prepared under reducing or non-reducing conditions. dBST2: dimer of BST2; mBST2: monomer of BST2 (E). All Western blots presented are representative of at least three independent experiments.
    Figure Legend Snippet: (A) HEK293T cells were transfected with p3XFlag-ATG5 and either pcDNA, pcDNA-BST2 WT, or pcDNA-BST2 M1A encoding for the short isoform of BST2. BST2 was immunoprecipitated with mouse anti-BST2 antibodies. Immunoprecipitated proteins were detected by western blotting using anti-flag-HRP and rabbit anti-BST2 antibodies. (B) Schematic representation of alanine mutagenesis in the cytoplasmic domain of BST2. (C) HEK293T cells were transfected with pCMV-HA-ATG5 and either pcDNA, pcDNA-BST2 WT, or plasmids encoding for mutated BST2 as described in (B). BST2 was immunoprecipitated with mouse anti-BST2 antibodies. Immunoprecipitated proteins were detected by western blotting using anti-HA-HRP and rabbit anti-BST2 antibodies. (D-E) HEK293T cells were co-transfected with either pcDNA-BST2 WT or BST2 Y 6 Y 8 (double tyrosine phosphorylation defective mutant) or BST2 C3A (triple cysteine dimerization defective mutant) and the WT or Udel NL4.3 HIV-1 provirus. BST2 dimerization and phosphorylation were analyzed. For the detection of BST2 phosphorylation, BST2 was immunoprecipitated with a mouse anti-BST2 antibody and deglycosylated precipitates were analyzed by western blot using a rabbit antibody specific of phosphorylated tyrosine 6 and 8 of BST2 and a mouse anti-BST2 antibody (D). For BST2 dimerization, cell lysates were prepared under reducing or non-reducing conditions. dBST2: dimer of BST2; mBST2: monomer of BST2 (E). All Western blots presented are representative of at least three independent experiments.

    Techniques Used: Transfection, Immunoprecipitation, Western Blot, Mutagenesis

    (A) HeLa cells transfected with either control siRNA (CTRL) or siRNA targeting ATG5 or LC3C were infected with a VSV-G pseudotyped WT or Udel NL4.3 HIV-1 at a MOI of 0.5 for 24 hrs. Cells were treated for 20min with formaldehyde 1% before preparing cell extracts under reducing conditions. Western blot analysis of BST2 and GAPDH in non-infected and infected siRNA-treated cells. (B) Line-scan profiles of BST2 intensity obtained on western blot of extracts of siRNA-treated HeLa cells infected with a VSV-G pseudotyped HIV-1 NL4.3 WT or Udel at a MOI of 0.5 for 24hrs and formaldehyde crosslinked. Analysis of BST2 patterns was determined by western blot and line-scan profiles of BST2 intensity were plotted across 95 to 26 kDa. The x-axis represents the % of maximum intensity for the monomeric and dimeric forms of BST2 and the y-axis, the distance between molecular weights. (C) HeLa cells transfected with either control siRNA (CTRL) or siRNA targeting ATG5, LC3C or BST2 were infected with a VSV-G pseudotyped WT or Udel NL4.3 HIV-1 at a MOI of 0.5 for 24hrs. Endogenous BST2 was immunoprecipitated with a mouse anti-BST2 antibody and deglycosylated precipitates were analyzed by western blot using a rabbit anti-BST2 antibody. dBST2: dimer of BST2; mBST2: monomer of BST2. All Western blots presented are representative of at least three independent experiments.
    Figure Legend Snippet: (A) HeLa cells transfected with either control siRNA (CTRL) or siRNA targeting ATG5 or LC3C were infected with a VSV-G pseudotyped WT or Udel NL4.3 HIV-1 at a MOI of 0.5 for 24 hrs. Cells were treated for 20min with formaldehyde 1% before preparing cell extracts under reducing conditions. Western blot analysis of BST2 and GAPDH in non-infected and infected siRNA-treated cells. (B) Line-scan profiles of BST2 intensity obtained on western blot of extracts of siRNA-treated HeLa cells infected with a VSV-G pseudotyped HIV-1 NL4.3 WT or Udel at a MOI of 0.5 for 24hrs and formaldehyde crosslinked. Analysis of BST2 patterns was determined by western blot and line-scan profiles of BST2 intensity were plotted across 95 to 26 kDa. The x-axis represents the % of maximum intensity for the monomeric and dimeric forms of BST2 and the y-axis, the distance between molecular weights. (C) HeLa cells transfected with either control siRNA (CTRL) or siRNA targeting ATG5, LC3C or BST2 were infected with a VSV-G pseudotyped WT or Udel NL4.3 HIV-1 at a MOI of 0.5 for 24hrs. Endogenous BST2 was immunoprecipitated with a mouse anti-BST2 antibody and deglycosylated precipitates were analyzed by western blot using a rabbit anti-BST2 antibody. dBST2: dimer of BST2; mBST2: monomer of BST2. All Western blots presented are representative of at least three independent experiments.

    Techniques Used: Transfection, Infection, Western Blot, Immunoprecipitation

    (A) HeLa cells transfected with either control siRNA (CTRL) or siRNA targeting ATG5 or LC3C were infected with a VSV-G pseudotyped WT or Udel NL4.3 HIV-1 at a MOI of 0.5 for 24 hrs. Endogenous BST2 was immunoprecipitated with a mouse anti-BST2 antibody and deglycosylated precipitates were analyzed by western blot using rabbit anti-phosphorylated BST2 (pBST2) and rabbit anti-BST2 antibodies. (B) Quantification of the relative amount of the dimeric form of BST2 (dBST2) after normalization to the monomeric form (mBST2). Statistical analysis using two-tailed unpaired Student’s t test, mean ± SEM, n=3 experiments, * p ≤ 0.05, ** p ≤ 0.01, *** p ≤ 0.001. (C) Quantification of the relative amount of the phosphorylated monomeric form of BST2 (pBST2) after normalization to immunoprecipitated monomeric BST2. Statistical analysis using two-tailed unpaired Student’s t test, mean ± SEM, n=3 experiments, * p ≤ 0.05, *** p ≤ 0.001. dBST2: dimer of BST2; mBST2: monomer of BST2. (D) Confocal fluorescence microscopy of HeLa cells infected with VSV-G-pseudotyped WT HIV-1 MA-YFP for 24hrs following total staining with rabbit anti-pBST2 antibodies. Scale Bar: 20µM. All Western blots and immunofluorescence images presented are representative of at least three independent experiments. (E) HeLa BST2 WT and HeLa BST2 -/- cells transfected with either control siRNA (CTRL) or siRNA targeting ATG5 were transfected with the WT or Vpu-deleted (Udel) NL4.3HIV-1 provirus for 28 hrs. Total RNA was analyzed for TNFalpha mRNA levels relative to KDSR by qRT-PCR. Statistical analysis using two-tailed unpaired Student’s t test, mean ± SEM, n=3 experiments, * p ≤ 0.05. (F) HeLa BST2 WT and HeLa BST2 -/- cells transfected with either control siRNA (CTRL) or siRNA targeting LC3C were transfected with the provirus HIV-1 NL4.3 WT or Udel for 28 hrs. Total RNA was analyzed for TNFalpha mRNA levels relative to KDSR by qRT-PCR. Statistical analysis using two-tailed unpaired Student’s t test, mean ± SEM, n=3 experiments, * p ≤ 0.05.
    Figure Legend Snippet: (A) HeLa cells transfected with either control siRNA (CTRL) or siRNA targeting ATG5 or LC3C were infected with a VSV-G pseudotyped WT or Udel NL4.3 HIV-1 at a MOI of 0.5 for 24 hrs. Endogenous BST2 was immunoprecipitated with a mouse anti-BST2 antibody and deglycosylated precipitates were analyzed by western blot using rabbit anti-phosphorylated BST2 (pBST2) and rabbit anti-BST2 antibodies. (B) Quantification of the relative amount of the dimeric form of BST2 (dBST2) after normalization to the monomeric form (mBST2). Statistical analysis using two-tailed unpaired Student’s t test, mean ± SEM, n=3 experiments, * p ≤ 0.05, ** p ≤ 0.01, *** p ≤ 0.001. (C) Quantification of the relative amount of the phosphorylated monomeric form of BST2 (pBST2) after normalization to immunoprecipitated monomeric BST2. Statistical analysis using two-tailed unpaired Student’s t test, mean ± SEM, n=3 experiments, * p ≤ 0.05, *** p ≤ 0.001. dBST2: dimer of BST2; mBST2: monomer of BST2. (D) Confocal fluorescence microscopy of HeLa cells infected with VSV-G-pseudotyped WT HIV-1 MA-YFP for 24hrs following total staining with rabbit anti-pBST2 antibodies. Scale Bar: 20µM. All Western blots and immunofluorescence images presented are representative of at least three independent experiments. (E) HeLa BST2 WT and HeLa BST2 -/- cells transfected with either control siRNA (CTRL) or siRNA targeting ATG5 were transfected with the WT or Vpu-deleted (Udel) NL4.3HIV-1 provirus for 28 hrs. Total RNA was analyzed for TNFalpha mRNA levels relative to KDSR by qRT-PCR. Statistical analysis using two-tailed unpaired Student’s t test, mean ± SEM, n=3 experiments, * p ≤ 0.05. (F) HeLa BST2 WT and HeLa BST2 -/- cells transfected with either control siRNA (CTRL) or siRNA targeting LC3C were transfected with the provirus HIV-1 NL4.3 WT or Udel for 28 hrs. Total RNA was analyzed for TNFalpha mRNA levels relative to KDSR by qRT-PCR. Statistical analysis using two-tailed unpaired Student’s t test, mean ± SEM, n=3 experiments, * p ≤ 0.05.

    Techniques Used: Transfection, Infection, Immunoprecipitation, Western Blot, Two Tailed Test, Fluorescence, Microscopy, Staining, Immunofluorescence, Quantitative RT-PCR

    (A) Western blot analysis of ATG5, HIV-1 Gag and CAp24 products, BST2, Vpu and GAPDH in parental and BST2 -/- HeLa cells transfected with either control siRNA (CTRL) or siRNA targeting ATG5 (ATG5) or LC3C and transfected with the WT or Udel NL4.3 HIV-1 provirus for 28hrs. The western blot is representative of three independent experiments. (B) Total RNA profile for LC3C mRNA levels relative to KDSR by qRT-PCR of HeLa BST2 WT and HeLa BST2 -/- cells transfected with either control siRNA (CTRL) or siRNA targeting LC3C and transfected with the provirus HIV-1 NL4.3 WT or Udel for 28hrs. n= 3 experiments.
    Figure Legend Snippet: (A) Western blot analysis of ATG5, HIV-1 Gag and CAp24 products, BST2, Vpu and GAPDH in parental and BST2 -/- HeLa cells transfected with either control siRNA (CTRL) or siRNA targeting ATG5 (ATG5) or LC3C and transfected with the WT or Udel NL4.3 HIV-1 provirus for 28hrs. The western blot is representative of three independent experiments. (B) Total RNA profile for LC3C mRNA levels relative to KDSR by qRT-PCR of HeLa BST2 WT and HeLa BST2 -/- cells transfected with either control siRNA (CTRL) or siRNA targeting LC3C and transfected with the provirus HIV-1 NL4.3 WT or Udel for 28hrs. n= 3 experiments.

    Techniques Used: Western Blot, Transfection, Quantitative RT-PCR

    (Left panel) ATG5 initiated the LC3-associated pathway by recognizing and targeting phosphorylated virus-tethered BST2. The interaction induces the endocytosis via regulators of clathrin-mediated vesicular trafficking of viral-tethered pBST2 in a single membrane compartment. LC3C will be recruited to the BST2-ATG5 complex through its interaction with Vpu. The presence of ATG5 at the level of the compartment will favor the lipidation of LC3C and thus its anchoring to this compartment sequestering virus-tethered pBST2. The LC3C involvement will accelerate the docking of this compartment to the lysosomes leading to the degradation of virus-tethered pBST2. Upon Vpu expression, the degradation of virus-tethered pBST2 will attenuate the signaling mediated by BST2. Without Vpu expression, viral-tethered pBST2 will still be endocytosed. However, in absence of LC3C recruitment onto this compartment, the fusion with lysosome will be delayed and BST2-mediated signaling will persist. (Right panel) Without ATG5, virus-tethered BST2 will not be endocytosed and degraded. The virion retention mediated by BST2 will not induce the activation of NF-ĸB signaling.
    Figure Legend Snippet: (Left panel) ATG5 initiated the LC3-associated pathway by recognizing and targeting phosphorylated virus-tethered BST2. The interaction induces the endocytosis via regulators of clathrin-mediated vesicular trafficking of viral-tethered pBST2 in a single membrane compartment. LC3C will be recruited to the BST2-ATG5 complex through its interaction with Vpu. The presence of ATG5 at the level of the compartment will favor the lipidation of LC3C and thus its anchoring to this compartment sequestering virus-tethered pBST2. The LC3C involvement will accelerate the docking of this compartment to the lysosomes leading to the degradation of virus-tethered pBST2. Upon Vpu expression, the degradation of virus-tethered pBST2 will attenuate the signaling mediated by BST2. Without Vpu expression, viral-tethered pBST2 will still be endocytosed. However, in absence of LC3C recruitment onto this compartment, the fusion with lysosome will be delayed and BST2-mediated signaling will persist. (Right panel) Without ATG5, virus-tethered BST2 will not be endocytosed and degraded. The virion retention mediated by BST2 will not induce the activation of NF-ĸB signaling.

    Techniques Used: Expressing, Activation Assay

    antibodies against human bst2  (Cell Signaling Technology Inc)


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    Cell Signaling Technology Inc antibodies against human bst2
    Primers for real-time PCR.
    Antibodies Against Human Bst2, supplied by Cell Signaling Technology Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 86/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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    1) Product Images from "Activation of FGD5-AS1 Promotes Progression of Cervical Cancer through Regulating BST2 to Inhibit Macrophage M1 Polarization"

    Article Title: Activation of FGD5-AS1 Promotes Progression of Cervical Cancer through Regulating BST2 to Inhibit Macrophage M1 Polarization

    Journal: Journal of Immunology Research

    doi: 10.1155/2021/5857214

    Primers for real-time PCR.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Primers for real-time PCR.

    Techniques Used:

    FGD5-AS1 and BST2 expression in cervical cancer cells. (a) RNA levels of FGD5-AS1 in HeLa, SiHa, C33A, CasKi, and H8 cells. (b) RNA levels of BST2 in HeLa, SiHa, C33A, CasKi, and H8 cells. ∗∗∗ P < 0.001 and ∗ P < 0.05. Three independent assays were carried out.
    Figure Legend Snippet: FGD5-AS1 and BST2 expression in cervical cancer cells. (a) RNA levels of FGD5-AS1 in HeLa, SiHa, C33A, CasKi, and H8 cells. (b) RNA levels of BST2 in HeLa, SiHa, C33A, CasKi, and H8 cells. ∗∗∗ P < 0.001 and ∗ P < 0.05. Three independent assays were carried out.

    Techniques Used: Expressing

    Effects of FGD5-AS1 on cervical cancer cell aggressiveness. (a) FGD5-AS1 expression in SiHa cells. FGD5-AS1 knockdown was generated in the SiHa cells by transfection of shFGD5-AS1. The transfection efficiency was validated by real-time PCR. (b, c) BST2 mRNA and protein expression in SiHa cells. (d) Cell viability by CCK8 assay. (e) Cell apoptosis by TUNEL assay. (f) Migration and invasion capacity using Transwell assay. ∗ P < 0.05. shNC shRNA: negative control. Three independent assays were carried out.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Effects of FGD5-AS1 on cervical cancer cell aggressiveness. (a) FGD5-AS1 expression in SiHa cells. FGD5-AS1 knockdown was generated in the SiHa cells by transfection of shFGD5-AS1. The transfection efficiency was validated by real-time PCR. (b, c) BST2 mRNA and protein expression in SiHa cells. (d) Cell viability by CCK8 assay. (e) Cell apoptosis by TUNEL assay. (f) Migration and invasion capacity using Transwell assay. ∗ P < 0.05. shNC shRNA: negative control. Three independent assays were carried out.

    Techniques Used: Expressing, Generated, Transfection, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, CCK-8 Assay, TUNEL Assay, Migration, Transwell Assay, shRNA, Negative Control

    Effects of FGD5-AS1 on M2-like polarization of macrophages. (a) The expression of FGD5-AS1 was increased in M2 macrophages. (b) The expression of BST2 was upregulated in M2 macrophages. M0 cells were transfected with FGD5-AS1 shRNA. (c) Expression of M1 markers (CD80 and CD86). (d) Expression of M2 markers (CD206 and CD163). (e) Flow cytometry analysis of CD80 and CD86 in different transfectants of M0 cells. (f) Flow cytometry analysis of CD206 and CD163 in different transfectants of M0 cells. ∗ P < 0.05. Three independent assays were carried out.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Effects of FGD5-AS1 on M2-like polarization of macrophages. (a) The expression of FGD5-AS1 was increased in M2 macrophages. (b) The expression of BST2 was upregulated in M2 macrophages. M0 cells were transfected with FGD5-AS1 shRNA. (c) Expression of M1 markers (CD80 and CD86). (d) Expression of M2 markers (CD206 and CD163). (e) Flow cytometry analysis of CD80 and CD86 in different transfectants of M0 cells. (f) Flow cytometry analysis of CD206 and CD163 in different transfectants of M0 cells. ∗ P < 0.05. Three independent assays were carried out.

    Techniques Used: Expressing, Transfection, shRNA, Flow Cytometry

    FGD5-AS1 sponged miR-129-5p to regulate BST2. (a) Binding site between FGD5-AS1 and miR-129-5p. (b) The luciferase activity in FGD5-AS1-WT and FGD5-AS1-MUT after transfection with miR-129-5p mimics or NC. (c, d) Enrichment of FGD5-AS1 and miR-129-5p in the anti-Ago2 or IgG immunoprecipitates in SiHa cells transfected with miR-129-5p NC or inhibitors. (e) The predicted binding site between BST2 and miR-129-5p. (f) The luciferase activity in BST2-WT and BST2-MUT after transfection with miR-129-5p mimics or NC. ∗ P < 0.05. Three independent assays were carried out.
    Figure Legend Snippet: FGD5-AS1 sponged miR-129-5p to regulate BST2. (a) Binding site between FGD5-AS1 and miR-129-5p. (b) The luciferase activity in FGD5-AS1-WT and FGD5-AS1-MUT after transfection with miR-129-5p mimics or NC. (c, d) Enrichment of FGD5-AS1 and miR-129-5p in the anti-Ago2 or IgG immunoprecipitates in SiHa cells transfected with miR-129-5p NC or inhibitors. (e) The predicted binding site between BST2 and miR-129-5p. (f) The luciferase activity in BST2-WT and BST2-MUT after transfection with miR-129-5p mimics or NC. ∗ P < 0.05. Three independent assays were carried out.

    Techniques Used: Binding Assay, Luciferase, Activity Assay, Transfection

    BST2 promoted cervical cancer progression via inducing M2 macrophage polarization. (a) mRNA levels of BST2 in SiHa cells transfected with BST2 shRNA. (b) Cell viability by CCK8 assay. (c) Cell apoptosis by TUNEL assay. (d) Migration and invasion capacity by Transwell assay. (e) mRNA expression of CD80 and CD86 in macrophages. (f) mRNA expression of CD206 and CD163 in M0 macrophages transfected with BST2 shRNA. ∗ P < 0.05. Three independent assays were carried out.
    Figure Legend Snippet: BST2 promoted cervical cancer progression via inducing M2 macrophage polarization. (a) mRNA levels of BST2 in SiHa cells transfected with BST2 shRNA. (b) Cell viability by CCK8 assay. (c) Cell apoptosis by TUNEL assay. (d) Migration and invasion capacity by Transwell assay. (e) mRNA expression of CD80 and CD86 in macrophages. (f) mRNA expression of CD206 and CD163 in M0 macrophages transfected with BST2 shRNA. ∗ P < 0.05. Three independent assays were carried out.

    Techniques Used: Transfection, shRNA, CCK-8 Assay, TUNEL Assay, Migration, Transwell Assay, Expressing

    miR-129-5p mimics reversed FGD5-AS1-induced upregulation of BST2 and M2 macrophage polarization. (a) Levels of FGD5-AS1 in SiHa cells transfected with vector, FGD5-AS1, FGD5-AS1 plus miR-129-5p NC, or FGD5-AS1 plus miR-129-5p mimics. (b, c) The levels of BST2 in SiHa cells. (d) mRNA expression of CD80 and CD86 in macrophages. (e) mRNA expression of CD206 and CD163 in macrophages. ∗ P < 0.05. Three independent assays were carried out.
    Figure Legend Snippet: miR-129-5p mimics reversed FGD5-AS1-induced upregulation of BST2 and M2 macrophage polarization. (a) Levels of FGD5-AS1 in SiHa cells transfected with vector, FGD5-AS1, FGD5-AS1 plus miR-129-5p NC, or FGD5-AS1 plus miR-129-5p mimics. (b, c) The levels of BST2 in SiHa cells. (d) mRNA expression of CD80 and CD86 in macrophages. (e) mRNA expression of CD206 and CD163 in macrophages. ∗ P < 0.05. Three independent assays were carried out.

    Techniques Used: Transfection, Plasmid Preparation, Expressing

    cd317 hm1 24  (Cell Signaling Technology Inc)


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    Cell Signaling Technology Inc cd317 hm1 24
    Cd317 Hm1 24, supplied by Cell Signaling Technology Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 86/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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    antibodies against bst2  (Cell Signaling Technology Inc)


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    Cell Signaling Technology Inc antibodies against bst2
    Correlation between the genes in the LASSO model and immune cell infiltrations in type 2 diabetic islets. (a) Heatmap for the associations between hub genes and immune cell infiltrations. Red: positive correlation and blue: negative correlation. (b) Associations between <t>BST2</t> expression and immune cell infiltrations. (c) Associations between BTBD1 expression and immune cell infiltrations. (d) Associations between IFIT1 expression and immune cell infiltrations. (e) Associations between IFIT3 expression and immune cell infiltrations. (f) Associations between RTP4 expression and immune cell infiltrations. The bigger the circle, the stronger the correlation.
    Antibodies Against Bst2, supplied by Cell Signaling Technology Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 93/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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    1) Product Images from "Establishment and Verification of a Gene Signature for Diagnosing Type 2 Diabetics by WGCNA, LASSO Analysis, and In Vitro Experiments"

    Article Title: Establishment and Verification of a Gene Signature for Diagnosing Type 2 Diabetics by WGCNA, LASSO Analysis, and In Vitro Experiments

    Journal: BioMed Research International

    doi: 10.1155/2022/4446342

    Correlation between the genes in the LASSO model and immune cell infiltrations in type 2 diabetic islets. (a) Heatmap for the associations between hub genes and immune cell infiltrations. Red: positive correlation and blue: negative correlation. (b) Associations between BST2 expression and immune cell infiltrations. (c) Associations between BTBD1 expression and immune cell infiltrations. (d) Associations between IFIT1 expression and immune cell infiltrations. (e) Associations between IFIT3 expression and immune cell infiltrations. (f) Associations between RTP4 expression and immune cell infiltrations. The bigger the circle, the stronger the correlation.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Correlation between the genes in the LASSO model and immune cell infiltrations in type 2 diabetic islets. (a) Heatmap for the associations between hub genes and immune cell infiltrations. Red: positive correlation and blue: negative correlation. (b) Associations between BST2 expression and immune cell infiltrations. (c) Associations between BTBD1 expression and immune cell infiltrations. (d) Associations between IFIT1 expression and immune cell infiltrations. (e) Associations between IFIT3 expression and immune cell infiltrations. (f) Associations between RTP4 expression and immune cell infiltrations. The bigger the circle, the stronger the correlation.

    Techniques Used: Expressing

    Expression and involved signaling pathways for the genes in the LASSO model in type 2 diabetic islets. (a) Box plot of the expression of the genes in the LASSO model BST2, BTBD1, IFIT1, IFIT3, and RTP4 between type 2 diabetic islets and normal islets. Ns: Not significant; ∗∗ p < 0.01. (b)–(f) GSEA for identifying the signaling pathways that were positively associated with (b) BST2, (c) BTBD1, (d) IFIT1, (e) IFIT3, and (f) RTP4.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Expression and involved signaling pathways for the genes in the LASSO model in type 2 diabetic islets. (a) Box plot of the expression of the genes in the LASSO model BST2, BTBD1, IFIT1, IFIT3, and RTP4 between type 2 diabetic islets and normal islets. Ns: Not significant; ∗∗ p < 0.01. (b)–(f) GSEA for identifying the signaling pathways that were positively associated with (b) BST2, (c) BTBD1, (d) IFIT1, (e) IFIT3, and (f) RTP4.

    Techniques Used: Expressing

    Validation of the expression of the genes in the LASSO model in glucotoxicity models and normal islet β cells. (a) and (b) RT-qPCR for validating the mRNA expression of (a) BST2 and (b) BTBD1 in glucotoxicity models and normal islet β cells. (c) Representative images of western blot of BST2 and BTBD1 in glucotoxicity models and normal islet β cells. (d) and (e) Quantification results of BST2 and BTBD1 expression in two groups according to western blot. ∗ p < 0.05; ∗∗ p < 0.01; ∗∗∗ p < 0.001.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Validation of the expression of the genes in the LASSO model in glucotoxicity models and normal islet β cells. (a) and (b) RT-qPCR for validating the mRNA expression of (a) BST2 and (b) BTBD1 in glucotoxicity models and normal islet β cells. (c) Representative images of western blot of BST2 and BTBD1 in glucotoxicity models and normal islet β cells. (d) and (e) Quantification results of BST2 and BTBD1 expression in two groups according to western blot. ∗ p < 0.05; ∗∗ p < 0.01; ∗∗∗ p < 0.001.

    Techniques Used: Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR, Western Blot

    Silencing BST2 ameliorates apoptosis of glucotoxicity islet β cell models and influences the activation of TGF- β and P53 pathways. (a) RT-qPCR of the expression of BST2 mRNA in islet β cells with si-NC or si-BST2 transfection. (b) and (c) Flow cytometry of apoptotic levels of glucotoxicity models and normal islet β cells. (d) and (e) Flow cytometry of apoptotic levels of glucotoxicity models under si-NC or si-BST2 transfection. (f)–(h) Western blot of the expression of TGF- β and P53 proteins in glucotoxicity models and normal islet β cells. (i)–(k) Western blot of the expression of TGF- β and P53 proteins in glucotoxicity models under si-NC or si-BST2 transfection. ∗∗ p < 0.01; ∗∗∗ p < 0.001.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Silencing BST2 ameliorates apoptosis of glucotoxicity islet β cell models and influences the activation of TGF- β and P53 pathways. (a) RT-qPCR of the expression of BST2 mRNA in islet β cells with si-NC or si-BST2 transfection. (b) and (c) Flow cytometry of apoptotic levels of glucotoxicity models and normal islet β cells. (d) and (e) Flow cytometry of apoptotic levels of glucotoxicity models under si-NC or si-BST2 transfection. (f)–(h) Western blot of the expression of TGF- β and P53 proteins in glucotoxicity models and normal islet β cells. (i)–(k) Western blot of the expression of TGF- β and P53 proteins in glucotoxicity models under si-NC or si-BST2 transfection. ∗∗ p < 0.01; ∗∗∗ p < 0.001.

    Techniques Used: Activation Assay, Quantitative RT-PCR, Expressing, Transfection, Flow Cytometry, Western Blot

    bst2  (Cell Signaling Technology Inc)


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    Cell Signaling Technology Inc bst2
    KEY RESOURCES TABLE
    Bst2, supplied by Cell Signaling Technology Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 86/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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    1) Product Images from "Single-cell sequencing reveals activation of core transcription factors in PRC2-deficient malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor"

    Article Title: Single-cell sequencing reveals activation of core transcription factors in PRC2-deficient malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor

    Journal: Cell reports

    doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111363

    KEY RESOURCES TABLE
    Figure Legend Snippet: KEY RESOURCES TABLE

    Techniques Used: Recombinant, Lysis, Protease Inhibitor, Western Blot, Bradford Assay, Magnetic Beads, Multiplex Assay, Next-Generation Sequencing, Generated, Sequencing, Negative Control, Plasmid Preparation, Software, Microscopy

    19277s rrid ab 2798815  (Cell Signaling Technology Inc)


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    Cell Signaling Technology Inc 19277s rrid ab 2798815
    KEY RESOURCES TABLE
    19277s Rrid Ab 2798815, supplied by Cell Signaling Technology Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 93/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/result/19277s rrid ab 2798815/product/Cell Signaling Technology Inc
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    1) Product Images from "Single-cell sequencing reveals activation of core transcription factors in PRC2-deficient malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor"

    Article Title: Single-cell sequencing reveals activation of core transcription factors in PRC2-deficient malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor

    Journal: Cell reports

    doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111363

    KEY RESOURCES TABLE
    Figure Legend Snippet: KEY RESOURCES TABLE

    Techniques Used: Recombinant, Lysis, Protease Inhibitor, Western Blot, Bradford Assay, Magnetic Beads, Multiplex Assay, Next-Generation Sequencing, Generated, Sequencing, Negative Control, Plasmid Preparation, Software, Microscopy

    bst2  (Cell Signaling Technology Inc)


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    Cell Signaling Technology Inc bst2
    Bst2, supplied by Cell Signaling Technology Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 93/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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    rabbit anti bst 2 pab  (Cell Signaling Technology Inc)


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    Cell Signaling Technology Inc rabbit anti bst 2 pab
    TGN induced downregulation of <t>BST-2</t> and promoted cervical cancer cell death in serum-deprived cultures. (A) After cells were treated with 80 µg/ml TGN for 16 h, the protein expression levels of BST-2 was determined by western blotting. (B) Cell viability in the serum-deprived culture was detected via Cell Counting Kit-8 assays following BST-2 overexpression. * P<0.05, ** P<0.01, *** P<0.001 vs. DMSO. TGN, total ginsenoside; BST-2, bone marrow stromal antigen-2; DMSO, dimethylsulfoxide.
    Rabbit Anti Bst 2 Pab, supplied by Cell Signaling Technology Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 96/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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    1) Product Images from "Total ginsenosides induce autophagic cell death in cervical cancer cells accompanied by downregulation of bone marrow stromal antigen-2"

    Article Title: Total ginsenosides induce autophagic cell death in cervical cancer cells accompanied by downregulation of bone marrow stromal antigen-2

    Journal: Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

    doi: 10.3892/etm.2021.10099

    TGN induced downregulation of BST-2 and promoted cervical cancer cell death in serum-deprived cultures. (A) After cells were treated with 80 µg/ml TGN for 16 h, the protein expression levels of BST-2 was determined by western blotting. (B) Cell viability in the serum-deprived culture was detected via Cell Counting Kit-8 assays following BST-2 overexpression. * P<0.05, ** P<0.01, *** P<0.001 vs. DMSO. TGN, total ginsenoside; BST-2, bone marrow stromal antigen-2; DMSO, dimethylsulfoxide.
    Figure Legend Snippet: TGN induced downregulation of BST-2 and promoted cervical cancer cell death in serum-deprived cultures. (A) After cells were treated with 80 µg/ml TGN for 16 h, the protein expression levels of BST-2 was determined by western blotting. (B) Cell viability in the serum-deprived culture was detected via Cell Counting Kit-8 assays following BST-2 overexpression. * P<0.05, ** P<0.01, *** P<0.001 vs. DMSO. TGN, total ginsenoside; BST-2, bone marrow stromal antigen-2; DMSO, dimethylsulfoxide.

    Techniques Used: Expressing, Western Blot, Cell Counting, Over Expression

    bst2 rabbit mab  (Cell Signaling Technology Inc)


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    Cell Signaling Technology Inc bst2 rabbit mab
    Bst2 Rabbit Mab, supplied by Cell Signaling Technology Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 93/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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    bst2 ðtþ  (Cell Signaling Technology Inc)


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    Cell Signaling Technology Inc antibodies against bst2
    Correlation between the genes in the LASSO model and immune cell infiltrations in type 2 diabetic islets. (a) Heatmap for the associations between hub genes and immune cell infiltrations. Red: positive correlation and blue: negative correlation. (b) Associations between <t>BST2</t> expression and immune cell infiltrations. (c) Associations between BTBD1 expression and immune cell infiltrations. (d) Associations between IFIT1 expression and immune cell infiltrations. (e) Associations between IFIT3 expression and immune cell infiltrations. (f) Associations between RTP4 expression and immune cell infiltrations. The bigger the circle, the stronger the correlation.
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    TGN induced downregulation of <t>BST-2</t> and promoted cervical cancer cell death in serum-deprived cultures. (A) After cells were treated with 80 µg/ml TGN for 16 h, the protein expression levels of BST-2 was determined by western blotting. (B) Cell viability in the serum-deprived culture was detected via Cell Counting Kit-8 assays following BST-2 overexpression. * P<0.05, ** P<0.01, *** P<0.001 vs. DMSO. TGN, total ginsenoside; BST-2, bone marrow stromal antigen-2; DMSO, dimethylsulfoxide.
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    Image Search Results


    Correlation between the genes in the LASSO model and immune cell infiltrations in type 2 diabetic islets. (a) Heatmap for the associations between hub genes and immune cell infiltrations. Red: positive correlation and blue: negative correlation. (b) Associations between BST2 expression and immune cell infiltrations. (c) Associations between BTBD1 expression and immune cell infiltrations. (d) Associations between IFIT1 expression and immune cell infiltrations. (e) Associations between IFIT3 expression and immune cell infiltrations. (f) Associations between RTP4 expression and immune cell infiltrations. The bigger the circle, the stronger the correlation.

    Journal: BioMed Research International

    Article Title: Establishment and Verification of a Gene Signature for Diagnosing Type 2 Diabetics by WGCNA, LASSO Analysis, and In Vitro Experiments

    doi: 10.1155/2022/4446342

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Correlation between the genes in the LASSO model and immune cell infiltrations in type 2 diabetic islets. (a) Heatmap for the associations between hub genes and immune cell infiltrations. Red: positive correlation and blue: negative correlation. (b) Associations between BST2 expression and immune cell infiltrations. (c) Associations between BTBD1 expression and immune cell infiltrations. (d) Associations between IFIT1 expression and immune cell infiltrations. (e) Associations between IFIT3 expression and immune cell infiltrations. (f) Associations between RTP4 expression and immune cell infiltrations. The bigger the circle, the stronger the correlation.

    Article Snippet: Two hours later, the membrane was incubated by primary antibodies against BST2 (1/1000; #19277; Cell Signaling Technology, USA), BTBD1 (1/1000; #ab138507; Abcam, USA), TGF- β (1/1000; #84912; Cell Signaling Technology, USA), P53 (1/1000; #2527; Cell Signaling Technology, USA), and GAPDH (1/1000; #5174; Cell Signaling Technology, USA) at 4°C overnight, followed by being incubated by secondary antibodies (1/5 000; ab709; Abcam, USA).

    Techniques: Expressing

    Expression and involved signaling pathways for the genes in the LASSO model in type 2 diabetic islets. (a) Box plot of the expression of the genes in the LASSO model BST2, BTBD1, IFIT1, IFIT3, and RTP4 between type 2 diabetic islets and normal islets. Ns: Not significant; ∗∗ p < 0.01. (b)–(f) GSEA for identifying the signaling pathways that were positively associated with (b) BST2, (c) BTBD1, (d) IFIT1, (e) IFIT3, and (f) RTP4.

    Journal: BioMed Research International

    Article Title: Establishment and Verification of a Gene Signature for Diagnosing Type 2 Diabetics by WGCNA, LASSO Analysis, and In Vitro Experiments

    doi: 10.1155/2022/4446342

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Expression and involved signaling pathways for the genes in the LASSO model in type 2 diabetic islets. (a) Box plot of the expression of the genes in the LASSO model BST2, BTBD1, IFIT1, IFIT3, and RTP4 between type 2 diabetic islets and normal islets. Ns: Not significant; ∗∗ p < 0.01. (b)–(f) GSEA for identifying the signaling pathways that were positively associated with (b) BST2, (c) BTBD1, (d) IFIT1, (e) IFIT3, and (f) RTP4.

    Article Snippet: Two hours later, the membrane was incubated by primary antibodies against BST2 (1/1000; #19277; Cell Signaling Technology, USA), BTBD1 (1/1000; #ab138507; Abcam, USA), TGF- β (1/1000; #84912; Cell Signaling Technology, USA), P53 (1/1000; #2527; Cell Signaling Technology, USA), and GAPDH (1/1000; #5174; Cell Signaling Technology, USA) at 4°C overnight, followed by being incubated by secondary antibodies (1/5 000; ab709; Abcam, USA).

    Techniques: Expressing

    Validation of the expression of the genes in the LASSO model in glucotoxicity models and normal islet β cells. (a) and (b) RT-qPCR for validating the mRNA expression of (a) BST2 and (b) BTBD1 in glucotoxicity models and normal islet β cells. (c) Representative images of western blot of BST2 and BTBD1 in glucotoxicity models and normal islet β cells. (d) and (e) Quantification results of BST2 and BTBD1 expression in two groups according to western blot. ∗ p < 0.05; ∗∗ p < 0.01; ∗∗∗ p < 0.001.

    Journal: BioMed Research International

    Article Title: Establishment and Verification of a Gene Signature for Diagnosing Type 2 Diabetics by WGCNA, LASSO Analysis, and In Vitro Experiments

    doi: 10.1155/2022/4446342

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Validation of the expression of the genes in the LASSO model in glucotoxicity models and normal islet β cells. (a) and (b) RT-qPCR for validating the mRNA expression of (a) BST2 and (b) BTBD1 in glucotoxicity models and normal islet β cells. (c) Representative images of western blot of BST2 and BTBD1 in glucotoxicity models and normal islet β cells. (d) and (e) Quantification results of BST2 and BTBD1 expression in two groups according to western blot. ∗ p < 0.05; ∗∗ p < 0.01; ∗∗∗ p < 0.001.

    Article Snippet: Two hours later, the membrane was incubated by primary antibodies against BST2 (1/1000; #19277; Cell Signaling Technology, USA), BTBD1 (1/1000; #ab138507; Abcam, USA), TGF- β (1/1000; #84912; Cell Signaling Technology, USA), P53 (1/1000; #2527; Cell Signaling Technology, USA), and GAPDH (1/1000; #5174; Cell Signaling Technology, USA) at 4°C overnight, followed by being incubated by secondary antibodies (1/5 000; ab709; Abcam, USA).

    Techniques: Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR, Western Blot

    Silencing BST2 ameliorates apoptosis of glucotoxicity islet β cell models and influences the activation of TGF- β and P53 pathways. (a) RT-qPCR of the expression of BST2 mRNA in islet β cells with si-NC or si-BST2 transfection. (b) and (c) Flow cytometry of apoptotic levels of glucotoxicity models and normal islet β cells. (d) and (e) Flow cytometry of apoptotic levels of glucotoxicity models under si-NC or si-BST2 transfection. (f)–(h) Western blot of the expression of TGF- β and P53 proteins in glucotoxicity models and normal islet β cells. (i)–(k) Western blot of the expression of TGF- β and P53 proteins in glucotoxicity models under si-NC or si-BST2 transfection. ∗∗ p < 0.01; ∗∗∗ p < 0.001.

    Journal: BioMed Research International

    Article Title: Establishment and Verification of a Gene Signature for Diagnosing Type 2 Diabetics by WGCNA, LASSO Analysis, and In Vitro Experiments

    doi: 10.1155/2022/4446342

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Silencing BST2 ameliorates apoptosis of glucotoxicity islet β cell models and influences the activation of TGF- β and P53 pathways. (a) RT-qPCR of the expression of BST2 mRNA in islet β cells with si-NC or si-BST2 transfection. (b) and (c) Flow cytometry of apoptotic levels of glucotoxicity models and normal islet β cells. (d) and (e) Flow cytometry of apoptotic levels of glucotoxicity models under si-NC or si-BST2 transfection. (f)–(h) Western blot of the expression of TGF- β and P53 proteins in glucotoxicity models and normal islet β cells. (i)–(k) Western blot of the expression of TGF- β and P53 proteins in glucotoxicity models under si-NC or si-BST2 transfection. ∗∗ p < 0.01; ∗∗∗ p < 0.001.

    Article Snippet: Two hours later, the membrane was incubated by primary antibodies against BST2 (1/1000; #19277; Cell Signaling Technology, USA), BTBD1 (1/1000; #ab138507; Abcam, USA), TGF- β (1/1000; #84912; Cell Signaling Technology, USA), P53 (1/1000; #2527; Cell Signaling Technology, USA), and GAPDH (1/1000; #5174; Cell Signaling Technology, USA) at 4°C overnight, followed by being incubated by secondary antibodies (1/5 000; ab709; Abcam, USA).

    Techniques: Activation Assay, Quantitative RT-PCR, Expressing, Transfection, Flow Cytometry, Western Blot

    (A) Overview of the interaction between BST2, Vpu, LC3C and ATG5. (B) Immunoprecipitation of endogenous BST2 in HeLa cells extracts co-transfected with plasmids expressing Flag-ATG5, Flag-LC3C and Flag-Beclin 1. Immunoprecipitated proteins were detected by western blotting using rabbit anti-BST2 and anti-Flag HRP antibodies. (C) Immunoprecipitation of endogenous BST2 in HeLa cells extracts co-transfected with plasmids expressing Flag-ATG5 and GFP or Vpu-GFP. Immunoprecipitated proteins were detected by western blotting using rabbit anti-BST2 and anti-Flag HRP antibodies. (D) Immunoprecipitation of endogenous BST2 in Parental (CTRL) or ATG5 knockout (ATG5 -/- 129#9 or 92#3) HeLa cells extracts co-transfected with vectors encoding for Flag-LC3C and GFP or Vpu-GFP. Immunoprecipitated proteins were detected by western blotting using rabbit anti-BST2 and anti-Flag-HRP antibodies. All Western blots presented are representative of at least three independent experiments. Immunoprecipitation of endogenous BST2 were done with mouse anti-BST2 antibodies in all experiments.

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: ATG5 selectively engages virus-tethered BST2/Tetherin in an LC3C-associated pathway

    doi: 10.1101/2023.01.06.522978

    Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Overview of the interaction between BST2, Vpu, LC3C and ATG5. (B) Immunoprecipitation of endogenous BST2 in HeLa cells extracts co-transfected with plasmids expressing Flag-ATG5, Flag-LC3C and Flag-Beclin 1. Immunoprecipitated proteins were detected by western blotting using rabbit anti-BST2 and anti-Flag HRP antibodies. (C) Immunoprecipitation of endogenous BST2 in HeLa cells extracts co-transfected with plasmids expressing Flag-ATG5 and GFP or Vpu-GFP. Immunoprecipitated proteins were detected by western blotting using rabbit anti-BST2 and anti-Flag HRP antibodies. (D) Immunoprecipitation of endogenous BST2 in Parental (CTRL) or ATG5 knockout (ATG5 -/- 129#9 or 92#3) HeLa cells extracts co-transfected with vectors encoding for Flag-LC3C and GFP or Vpu-GFP. Immunoprecipitated proteins were detected by western blotting using rabbit anti-BST2 and anti-Flag-HRP antibodies. All Western blots presented are representative of at least three independent experiments. Immunoprecipitation of endogenous BST2 were done with mouse anti-BST2 antibodies in all experiments.

    Article Snippet: The following antibodies were used for immunoblotting and/or immunofluorescence: Mouse monoclonal anti-CAp24 HIV-1 (National Institute for Biological Standards and Control Centralized Facility for AIDS Reagents (NIBCS); ARP366), human monoclonal anti-SUgp120 (National Institute for Biological Standards and Control Centralized Facility for AIDS Reagents (NIBCS); 2G12), mouse monoclonal anti-BST2 (Abnova; H00000684-M15), mouse monoclonal anti-GAPDH (Santa Cruz; sc-47724), mouse monoclonal anti-α-Tubulin (Sigma-Aldrich; T9026), mouse monoclonal anti-β-Actin (Sigma-Aldrich; A2228), mouse monoclonal anti-Flag (M2)-HRP (Sigma-Aldrich; A8592), rabbit polyclonal anti-ATG5 (Cell Signaling Technology; 12994S), rabbit polyclonal anti-LC3B (Novus Biologicals; NB600-1384), rabbit polyclonal anti-BST2 (NIH AIDS Reagent Program, Division of AIDS, NIAID, NIH; 11721) and rabbit polyclonal anti-Vpu (NIH AIDS Reagent Program, Division of AIDS, NIAID, NIH; 969). rat monoclonal anti-HA (3F10)-HRP (Roche; 12013819001), goat polyclonal anti-GFP-HRP (GeneTex; GTX26663).

    Techniques: Immunoprecipitation, Transfection, Expressing, Western Blot, Knock-Out

    (A) Immunoprecipitation of endogenous BST2 in Parental (CTRL) or LC3C knockout (LC3C -/- 196#212 or 97#9) HeLa cells extracts co-transfected with p3XFlag-ATG5. Immunoprecipitated proteins were detected by western blotting using anti-BST2 and anti-Flag-HRP antibodies. (B) Parental (CTRL) or ATG5 knockout (ATG5 -/- 129#9 or 92#3) HeLa cells were incubated in full medium (FM) or EBSS for amino acid depletion (ES) without or with Bafilomycin A1 (EB) for 2 h before immunoblotting for ATG5, Actin, and LC3B

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: ATG5 selectively engages virus-tethered BST2/Tetherin in an LC3C-associated pathway

    doi: 10.1101/2023.01.06.522978

    Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Immunoprecipitation of endogenous BST2 in Parental (CTRL) or LC3C knockout (LC3C -/- 196#212 or 97#9) HeLa cells extracts co-transfected with p3XFlag-ATG5. Immunoprecipitated proteins were detected by western blotting using anti-BST2 and anti-Flag-HRP antibodies. (B) Parental (CTRL) or ATG5 knockout (ATG5 -/- 129#9 or 92#3) HeLa cells were incubated in full medium (FM) or EBSS for amino acid depletion (ES) without or with Bafilomycin A1 (EB) for 2 h before immunoblotting for ATG5, Actin, and LC3B

    Article Snippet: The following antibodies were used for immunoblotting and/or immunofluorescence: Mouse monoclonal anti-CAp24 HIV-1 (National Institute for Biological Standards and Control Centralized Facility for AIDS Reagents (NIBCS); ARP366), human monoclonal anti-SUgp120 (National Institute for Biological Standards and Control Centralized Facility for AIDS Reagents (NIBCS); 2G12), mouse monoclonal anti-BST2 (Abnova; H00000684-M15), mouse monoclonal anti-GAPDH (Santa Cruz; sc-47724), mouse monoclonal anti-α-Tubulin (Sigma-Aldrich; T9026), mouse monoclonal anti-β-Actin (Sigma-Aldrich; A2228), mouse monoclonal anti-Flag (M2)-HRP (Sigma-Aldrich; A8592), rabbit polyclonal anti-ATG5 (Cell Signaling Technology; 12994S), rabbit polyclonal anti-LC3B (Novus Biologicals; NB600-1384), rabbit polyclonal anti-BST2 (NIH AIDS Reagent Program, Division of AIDS, NIAID, NIH; 11721) and rabbit polyclonal anti-Vpu (NIH AIDS Reagent Program, Division of AIDS, NIAID, NIH; 969). rat monoclonal anti-HA (3F10)-HRP (Roche; 12013819001), goat polyclonal anti-GFP-HRP (GeneTex; GTX26663).

    Techniques: Immunoprecipitation, Knock-Out, Transfection, Western Blot, Incubation

    (A) Confocal fluorescence microscopy of HeLa cells transfected with indicated siRNA and infected with VSV-G-pseudotyped HIV-1 WT MA-YFP at a MOI of 0.5 for 24 hrs following cell surface staining with human anti-Env (SUgp120) and rabbit anti-BST2 antibodies. Scale Bar: 10µM. Immunofluorescence images presented are representative of at least three independent experiments. (B) Cryosections of HeLa cells treated with CTRL (a) or ATG5 (b) siRNA for 72hrs and then infected with VSV-G pseudotyped HIV-1 WT for 48 hrs before labelling with antibodies against CAp24 and 10-nm protein A-gold. Scale bar, 100nm. (c) Clusters of viral particles at the cell surface in ATG5 depleted cells. (d) Enlargement of the region indicated in the upper panel (c). (C) Quantification of the number of clusters of viral particles per 10000 µm 2 analyzed in (A). The number of clusters of viral particles in control, ATG5 and Beclin-1-depleted cells was determined by scanning 8815, 11540 and 10315 µm 2 , respectively. (D) Relative distribution of HIV-1 particles in cluster presented in (A). The total number of clusters of HIV-1 particles counted in control, ATG5 and Beclin-1-depleted cells was 7, 45 and 15, respectively. (E) HeLa cells transfected with indicated siRNA were infected with a VSV-G pseudotyped HIV-1 NL4.3 WT at a MOI of 0.5 for 48 hrs. Cell-associated CAp24 and released CAp24 were quantified by Elisa. Statistical analysis using two-way ANOVA with Holm-Sidak’s multiple comparison test, mean ± SEM, n=3 experiments; *p ≤ 0.05, ** p ≤ 0.01. Western blot analysis of HIV-1 Gag and CAp24 products, Vpu, BST2, ATG5 and tubulin in infected siRNA-treated cells. All western blot are representative of at least three independent experiments.

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: ATG5 selectively engages virus-tethered BST2/Tetherin in an LC3C-associated pathway

    doi: 10.1101/2023.01.06.522978

    Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Confocal fluorescence microscopy of HeLa cells transfected with indicated siRNA and infected with VSV-G-pseudotyped HIV-1 WT MA-YFP at a MOI of 0.5 for 24 hrs following cell surface staining with human anti-Env (SUgp120) and rabbit anti-BST2 antibodies. Scale Bar: 10µM. Immunofluorescence images presented are representative of at least three independent experiments. (B) Cryosections of HeLa cells treated with CTRL (a) or ATG5 (b) siRNA for 72hrs and then infected with VSV-G pseudotyped HIV-1 WT for 48 hrs before labelling with antibodies against CAp24 and 10-nm protein A-gold. Scale bar, 100nm. (c) Clusters of viral particles at the cell surface in ATG5 depleted cells. (d) Enlargement of the region indicated in the upper panel (c). (C) Quantification of the number of clusters of viral particles per 10000 µm 2 analyzed in (A). The number of clusters of viral particles in control, ATG5 and Beclin-1-depleted cells was determined by scanning 8815, 11540 and 10315 µm 2 , respectively. (D) Relative distribution of HIV-1 particles in cluster presented in (A). The total number of clusters of HIV-1 particles counted in control, ATG5 and Beclin-1-depleted cells was 7, 45 and 15, respectively. (E) HeLa cells transfected with indicated siRNA were infected with a VSV-G pseudotyped HIV-1 NL4.3 WT at a MOI of 0.5 for 48 hrs. Cell-associated CAp24 and released CAp24 were quantified by Elisa. Statistical analysis using two-way ANOVA with Holm-Sidak’s multiple comparison test, mean ± SEM, n=3 experiments; *p ≤ 0.05, ** p ≤ 0.01. Western blot analysis of HIV-1 Gag and CAp24 products, Vpu, BST2, ATG5 and tubulin in infected siRNA-treated cells. All western blot are representative of at least three independent experiments.

    Article Snippet: The following antibodies were used for immunoblotting and/or immunofluorescence: Mouse monoclonal anti-CAp24 HIV-1 (National Institute for Biological Standards and Control Centralized Facility for AIDS Reagents (NIBCS); ARP366), human monoclonal anti-SUgp120 (National Institute for Biological Standards and Control Centralized Facility for AIDS Reagents (NIBCS); 2G12), mouse monoclonal anti-BST2 (Abnova; H00000684-M15), mouse monoclonal anti-GAPDH (Santa Cruz; sc-47724), mouse monoclonal anti-α-Tubulin (Sigma-Aldrich; T9026), mouse monoclonal anti-β-Actin (Sigma-Aldrich; A2228), mouse monoclonal anti-Flag (M2)-HRP (Sigma-Aldrich; A8592), rabbit polyclonal anti-ATG5 (Cell Signaling Technology; 12994S), rabbit polyclonal anti-LC3B (Novus Biologicals; NB600-1384), rabbit polyclonal anti-BST2 (NIH AIDS Reagent Program, Division of AIDS, NIAID, NIH; 11721) and rabbit polyclonal anti-Vpu (NIH AIDS Reagent Program, Division of AIDS, NIAID, NIH; 969). rat monoclonal anti-HA (3F10)-HRP (Roche; 12013819001), goat polyclonal anti-GFP-HRP (GeneTex; GTX26663).

    Techniques: Fluorescence, Microscopy, Transfection, Infection, Staining, Immunofluorescence, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Western Blot

    HeLa cells transfected with either control siRNA (CTRL) or siRNA targeting ATG5 were infected with a VSV-G pseudotyped WT or Udel NL4.3 HIV-1 at a MOI of 0.5. Twenty-four hours later, cells were stained at the cell surface with anti-BST2 antibody. Cells were then fixed, permeabilized and stained for Gag using anti-CAp24 antibody. Cells were then processed for flow cytometry analysis. Bar graphs represent cell surface level of BST2 in CAp24 negative and positive cells for each siRNA condition. Values are expressed as the Mean Fluorescence Intensity (MFI). Statistical analysis using two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison test, mean ± SEM, n=3 experiments; ** p ≤ 0.01, *** p ≤ 0.001.

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: ATG5 selectively engages virus-tethered BST2/Tetherin in an LC3C-associated pathway

    doi: 10.1101/2023.01.06.522978

    Figure Lengend Snippet: HeLa cells transfected with either control siRNA (CTRL) or siRNA targeting ATG5 were infected with a VSV-G pseudotyped WT or Udel NL4.3 HIV-1 at a MOI of 0.5. Twenty-four hours later, cells were stained at the cell surface with anti-BST2 antibody. Cells were then fixed, permeabilized and stained for Gag using anti-CAp24 antibody. Cells were then processed for flow cytometry analysis. Bar graphs represent cell surface level of BST2 in CAp24 negative and positive cells for each siRNA condition. Values are expressed as the Mean Fluorescence Intensity (MFI). Statistical analysis using two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison test, mean ± SEM, n=3 experiments; ** p ≤ 0.01, *** p ≤ 0.001.

    Article Snippet: The following antibodies were used for immunoblotting and/or immunofluorescence: Mouse monoclonal anti-CAp24 HIV-1 (National Institute for Biological Standards and Control Centralized Facility for AIDS Reagents (NIBCS); ARP366), human monoclonal anti-SUgp120 (National Institute for Biological Standards and Control Centralized Facility for AIDS Reagents (NIBCS); 2G12), mouse monoclonal anti-BST2 (Abnova; H00000684-M15), mouse monoclonal anti-GAPDH (Santa Cruz; sc-47724), mouse monoclonal anti-α-Tubulin (Sigma-Aldrich; T9026), mouse monoclonal anti-β-Actin (Sigma-Aldrich; A2228), mouse monoclonal anti-Flag (M2)-HRP (Sigma-Aldrich; A8592), rabbit polyclonal anti-ATG5 (Cell Signaling Technology; 12994S), rabbit polyclonal anti-LC3B (Novus Biologicals; NB600-1384), rabbit polyclonal anti-BST2 (NIH AIDS Reagent Program, Division of AIDS, NIAID, NIH; 11721) and rabbit polyclonal anti-Vpu (NIH AIDS Reagent Program, Division of AIDS, NIAID, NIH; 969). rat monoclonal anti-HA (3F10)-HRP (Roche; 12013819001), goat polyclonal anti-GFP-HRP (GeneTex; GTX26663).

    Techniques: Transfection, Infection, Staining, Flow Cytometry, Fluorescence

    (A) HEK293T cells were co-transfected with p3XFlag-ATG5, either pcDNA or pcDNA-BST2 WT and the provirus HIV-1 WT or Vpu-deleted (Udel) for 24 hrs. BST2 was immunoprecipitated with mouse anti-BST2 antibodies and immunoprecipitated proteins were detected by western blotting using rabbit anti-BST2 and anti-Flag-HRP antibodies. Quantification of the relative amount of ATG5 immunoprecipitated with BST2 WT upon infection in three experiments. (B) HeLa cells were co-transfected with vector encoding for Flag-ATG5 and the provirus HIV-1 WT or Vpu-deleted (Udel) for 24 hrs. Proteins were detected by western blotting using anti-Flag-HRP and anti-GAPDH antibodies. Quantification of the relative amount of unconjugated ATG5 after normalization to the ATG5-ATG12 conjugate form upon infection in five experiments. (C) Immunoprecipitation of GFP in HeLa cells extracts transfected with vectors expressing GFP, GFP-ATG5 or GFP-ATG5 K130R. Immunoprecipitated proteins were detected by western blotting using rabbit anti-BST2 and anti-GFP HRP antibodies.

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: ATG5 selectively engages virus-tethered BST2/Tetherin in an LC3C-associated pathway

    doi: 10.1101/2023.01.06.522978

    Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) HEK293T cells were co-transfected with p3XFlag-ATG5, either pcDNA or pcDNA-BST2 WT and the provirus HIV-1 WT or Vpu-deleted (Udel) for 24 hrs. BST2 was immunoprecipitated with mouse anti-BST2 antibodies and immunoprecipitated proteins were detected by western blotting using rabbit anti-BST2 and anti-Flag-HRP antibodies. Quantification of the relative amount of ATG5 immunoprecipitated with BST2 WT upon infection in three experiments. (B) HeLa cells were co-transfected with vector encoding for Flag-ATG5 and the provirus HIV-1 WT or Vpu-deleted (Udel) for 24 hrs. Proteins were detected by western blotting using anti-Flag-HRP and anti-GAPDH antibodies. Quantification of the relative amount of unconjugated ATG5 after normalization to the ATG5-ATG12 conjugate form upon infection in five experiments. (C) Immunoprecipitation of GFP in HeLa cells extracts transfected with vectors expressing GFP, GFP-ATG5 or GFP-ATG5 K130R. Immunoprecipitated proteins were detected by western blotting using rabbit anti-BST2 and anti-GFP HRP antibodies.

    Article Snippet: The following antibodies were used for immunoblotting and/or immunofluorescence: Mouse monoclonal anti-CAp24 HIV-1 (National Institute for Biological Standards and Control Centralized Facility for AIDS Reagents (NIBCS); ARP366), human monoclonal anti-SUgp120 (National Institute for Biological Standards and Control Centralized Facility for AIDS Reagents (NIBCS); 2G12), mouse monoclonal anti-BST2 (Abnova; H00000684-M15), mouse monoclonal anti-GAPDH (Santa Cruz; sc-47724), mouse monoclonal anti-α-Tubulin (Sigma-Aldrich; T9026), mouse monoclonal anti-β-Actin (Sigma-Aldrich; A2228), mouse monoclonal anti-Flag (M2)-HRP (Sigma-Aldrich; A8592), rabbit polyclonal anti-ATG5 (Cell Signaling Technology; 12994S), rabbit polyclonal anti-LC3B (Novus Biologicals; NB600-1384), rabbit polyclonal anti-BST2 (NIH AIDS Reagent Program, Division of AIDS, NIAID, NIH; 11721) and rabbit polyclonal anti-Vpu (NIH AIDS Reagent Program, Division of AIDS, NIAID, NIH; 969). rat monoclonal anti-HA (3F10)-HRP (Roche; 12013819001), goat polyclonal anti-GFP-HRP (GeneTex; GTX26663).

    Techniques: Transfection, Immunoprecipitation, Western Blot, Infection, Plasmid Preparation, Expressing

    (A) HeLa cells were transfected with plasmids expressing HA-ATG5 and either Flag, Flag-BST2 or Flag-BST2 truncated for its cytosolic domain (BST2 Delta CT). Flag-tagged proteins were immunoprecipitated with anti-Flag antibodies. Immunoprecipitated proteins were detected by western blotting using anti-HA-HRP and anti-Flag-HRP antibodies. (B) Schematic representation of human BST2 showing the GPI anchor, the coiled-coil and the transmembrane domains as well as the cytoplasmic tail. Indicated in blue, red and green respectively were the amino acids essential for the N-linked glycosylation (N 65 and N 92 ), dimerization (C 53 , C 63 , C 91 ) and phosphorylation (Y 6 , Y 8 ) of BST2. (C) HEK293T cells were co-transfected with vectors expressing Flag-ATG5, either pcDNA-BST2 WT or BST2 Y 6 Y 8 (double tyrosine phosphorylation defective mutant) or BST2 C3A (triple cysteine dimerization defective mutant) and the provirus WT or Vpu-deleted (Udel) NL4.3 HIV-1 for 24 hrs. BST2 was immunoprecipitated with mouse anti-BST2 antibodies and immunoprecipitated proteins were detected by western blotting using rabbit anti-BST2 and anti-Flag-HRP antibodies. Quantification of the relative amount of ATG5 immunoprecipitated with BST2 WT; BST2 Y 6 Y 8 or BST2 C3A upon infection in four experiments. All Western blots presented are representative of at least three independent experiments.

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: ATG5 selectively engages virus-tethered BST2/Tetherin in an LC3C-associated pathway

    doi: 10.1101/2023.01.06.522978

    Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) HeLa cells were transfected with plasmids expressing HA-ATG5 and either Flag, Flag-BST2 or Flag-BST2 truncated for its cytosolic domain (BST2 Delta CT). Flag-tagged proteins were immunoprecipitated with anti-Flag antibodies. Immunoprecipitated proteins were detected by western blotting using anti-HA-HRP and anti-Flag-HRP antibodies. (B) Schematic representation of human BST2 showing the GPI anchor, the coiled-coil and the transmembrane domains as well as the cytoplasmic tail. Indicated in blue, red and green respectively were the amino acids essential for the N-linked glycosylation (N 65 and N 92 ), dimerization (C 53 , C 63 , C 91 ) and phosphorylation (Y 6 , Y 8 ) of BST2. (C) HEK293T cells were co-transfected with vectors expressing Flag-ATG5, either pcDNA-BST2 WT or BST2 Y 6 Y 8 (double tyrosine phosphorylation defective mutant) or BST2 C3A (triple cysteine dimerization defective mutant) and the provirus WT or Vpu-deleted (Udel) NL4.3 HIV-1 for 24 hrs. BST2 was immunoprecipitated with mouse anti-BST2 antibodies and immunoprecipitated proteins were detected by western blotting using rabbit anti-BST2 and anti-Flag-HRP antibodies. Quantification of the relative amount of ATG5 immunoprecipitated with BST2 WT; BST2 Y 6 Y 8 or BST2 C3A upon infection in four experiments. All Western blots presented are representative of at least three independent experiments.

    Article Snippet: The following antibodies were used for immunoblotting and/or immunofluorescence: Mouse monoclonal anti-CAp24 HIV-1 (National Institute for Biological Standards and Control Centralized Facility for AIDS Reagents (NIBCS); ARP366), human monoclonal anti-SUgp120 (National Institute for Biological Standards and Control Centralized Facility for AIDS Reagents (NIBCS); 2G12), mouse monoclonal anti-BST2 (Abnova; H00000684-M15), mouse monoclonal anti-GAPDH (Santa Cruz; sc-47724), mouse monoclonal anti-α-Tubulin (Sigma-Aldrich; T9026), mouse monoclonal anti-β-Actin (Sigma-Aldrich; A2228), mouse monoclonal anti-Flag (M2)-HRP (Sigma-Aldrich; A8592), rabbit polyclonal anti-ATG5 (Cell Signaling Technology; 12994S), rabbit polyclonal anti-LC3B (Novus Biologicals; NB600-1384), rabbit polyclonal anti-BST2 (NIH AIDS Reagent Program, Division of AIDS, NIAID, NIH; 11721) and rabbit polyclonal anti-Vpu (NIH AIDS Reagent Program, Division of AIDS, NIAID, NIH; 969). rat monoclonal anti-HA (3F10)-HRP (Roche; 12013819001), goat polyclonal anti-GFP-HRP (GeneTex; GTX26663).

    Techniques: Transfection, Expressing, Immunoprecipitation, Western Blot, Mutagenesis, Infection

    (A) HEK293T cells were transfected with p3XFlag-ATG5 and either pcDNA, pcDNA-BST2 WT, or pcDNA-BST2 M1A encoding for the short isoform of BST2. BST2 was immunoprecipitated with mouse anti-BST2 antibodies. Immunoprecipitated proteins were detected by western blotting using anti-flag-HRP and rabbit anti-BST2 antibodies. (B) Schematic representation of alanine mutagenesis in the cytoplasmic domain of BST2. (C) HEK293T cells were transfected with pCMV-HA-ATG5 and either pcDNA, pcDNA-BST2 WT, or plasmids encoding for mutated BST2 as described in (B). BST2 was immunoprecipitated with mouse anti-BST2 antibodies. Immunoprecipitated proteins were detected by western blotting using anti-HA-HRP and rabbit anti-BST2 antibodies. (D-E) HEK293T cells were co-transfected with either pcDNA-BST2 WT or BST2 Y 6 Y 8 (double tyrosine phosphorylation defective mutant) or BST2 C3A (triple cysteine dimerization defective mutant) and the WT or Udel NL4.3 HIV-1 provirus. BST2 dimerization and phosphorylation were analyzed. For the detection of BST2 phosphorylation, BST2 was immunoprecipitated with a mouse anti-BST2 antibody and deglycosylated precipitates were analyzed by western blot using a rabbit antibody specific of phosphorylated tyrosine 6 and 8 of BST2 and a mouse anti-BST2 antibody (D). For BST2 dimerization, cell lysates were prepared under reducing or non-reducing conditions. dBST2: dimer of BST2; mBST2: monomer of BST2 (E). All Western blots presented are representative of at least three independent experiments.

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: ATG5 selectively engages virus-tethered BST2/Tetherin in an LC3C-associated pathway

    doi: 10.1101/2023.01.06.522978

    Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) HEK293T cells were transfected with p3XFlag-ATG5 and either pcDNA, pcDNA-BST2 WT, or pcDNA-BST2 M1A encoding for the short isoform of BST2. BST2 was immunoprecipitated with mouse anti-BST2 antibodies. Immunoprecipitated proteins were detected by western blotting using anti-flag-HRP and rabbit anti-BST2 antibodies. (B) Schematic representation of alanine mutagenesis in the cytoplasmic domain of BST2. (C) HEK293T cells were transfected with pCMV-HA-ATG5 and either pcDNA, pcDNA-BST2 WT, or plasmids encoding for mutated BST2 as described in (B). BST2 was immunoprecipitated with mouse anti-BST2 antibodies. Immunoprecipitated proteins were detected by western blotting using anti-HA-HRP and rabbit anti-BST2 antibodies. (D-E) HEK293T cells were co-transfected with either pcDNA-BST2 WT or BST2 Y 6 Y 8 (double tyrosine phosphorylation defective mutant) or BST2 C3A (triple cysteine dimerization defective mutant) and the WT or Udel NL4.3 HIV-1 provirus. BST2 dimerization and phosphorylation were analyzed. For the detection of BST2 phosphorylation, BST2 was immunoprecipitated with a mouse anti-BST2 antibody and deglycosylated precipitates were analyzed by western blot using a rabbit antibody specific of phosphorylated tyrosine 6 and 8 of BST2 and a mouse anti-BST2 antibody (D). For BST2 dimerization, cell lysates were prepared under reducing or non-reducing conditions. dBST2: dimer of BST2; mBST2: monomer of BST2 (E). All Western blots presented are representative of at least three independent experiments.

    Article Snippet: The following antibodies were used for immunoblotting and/or immunofluorescence: Mouse monoclonal anti-CAp24 HIV-1 (National Institute for Biological Standards and Control Centralized Facility for AIDS Reagents (NIBCS); ARP366), human monoclonal anti-SUgp120 (National Institute for Biological Standards and Control Centralized Facility for AIDS Reagents (NIBCS); 2G12), mouse monoclonal anti-BST2 (Abnova; H00000684-M15), mouse monoclonal anti-GAPDH (Santa Cruz; sc-47724), mouse monoclonal anti-α-Tubulin (Sigma-Aldrich; T9026), mouse monoclonal anti-β-Actin (Sigma-Aldrich; A2228), mouse monoclonal anti-Flag (M2)-HRP (Sigma-Aldrich; A8592), rabbit polyclonal anti-ATG5 (Cell Signaling Technology; 12994S), rabbit polyclonal anti-LC3B (Novus Biologicals; NB600-1384), rabbit polyclonal anti-BST2 (NIH AIDS Reagent Program, Division of AIDS, NIAID, NIH; 11721) and rabbit polyclonal anti-Vpu (NIH AIDS Reagent Program, Division of AIDS, NIAID, NIH; 969). rat monoclonal anti-HA (3F10)-HRP (Roche; 12013819001), goat polyclonal anti-GFP-HRP (GeneTex; GTX26663).

    Techniques: Transfection, Immunoprecipitation, Western Blot, Mutagenesis

    (A) HeLa cells transfected with either control siRNA (CTRL) or siRNA targeting ATG5 or LC3C were infected with a VSV-G pseudotyped WT or Udel NL4.3 HIV-1 at a MOI of 0.5 for 24 hrs. Cells were treated for 20min with formaldehyde 1% before preparing cell extracts under reducing conditions. Western blot analysis of BST2 and GAPDH in non-infected and infected siRNA-treated cells. (B) Line-scan profiles of BST2 intensity obtained on western blot of extracts of siRNA-treated HeLa cells infected with a VSV-G pseudotyped HIV-1 NL4.3 WT or Udel at a MOI of 0.5 for 24hrs and formaldehyde crosslinked. Analysis of BST2 patterns was determined by western blot and line-scan profiles of BST2 intensity were plotted across 95 to 26 kDa. The x-axis represents the % of maximum intensity for the monomeric and dimeric forms of BST2 and the y-axis, the distance between molecular weights. (C) HeLa cells transfected with either control siRNA (CTRL) or siRNA targeting ATG5, LC3C or BST2 were infected with a VSV-G pseudotyped WT or Udel NL4.3 HIV-1 at a MOI of 0.5 for 24hrs. Endogenous BST2 was immunoprecipitated with a mouse anti-BST2 antibody and deglycosylated precipitates were analyzed by western blot using a rabbit anti-BST2 antibody. dBST2: dimer of BST2; mBST2: monomer of BST2. All Western blots presented are representative of at least three independent experiments.

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: ATG5 selectively engages virus-tethered BST2/Tetherin in an LC3C-associated pathway

    doi: 10.1101/2023.01.06.522978

    Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) HeLa cells transfected with either control siRNA (CTRL) or siRNA targeting ATG5 or LC3C were infected with a VSV-G pseudotyped WT or Udel NL4.3 HIV-1 at a MOI of 0.5 for 24 hrs. Cells were treated for 20min with formaldehyde 1% before preparing cell extracts under reducing conditions. Western blot analysis of BST2 and GAPDH in non-infected and infected siRNA-treated cells. (B) Line-scan profiles of BST2 intensity obtained on western blot of extracts of siRNA-treated HeLa cells infected with a VSV-G pseudotyped HIV-1 NL4.3 WT or Udel at a MOI of 0.5 for 24hrs and formaldehyde crosslinked. Analysis of BST2 patterns was determined by western blot and line-scan profiles of BST2 intensity were plotted across 95 to 26 kDa. The x-axis represents the % of maximum intensity for the monomeric and dimeric forms of BST2 and the y-axis, the distance between molecular weights. (C) HeLa cells transfected with either control siRNA (CTRL) or siRNA targeting ATG5, LC3C or BST2 were infected with a VSV-G pseudotyped WT or Udel NL4.3 HIV-1 at a MOI of 0.5 for 24hrs. Endogenous BST2 was immunoprecipitated with a mouse anti-BST2 antibody and deglycosylated precipitates were analyzed by western blot using a rabbit anti-BST2 antibody. dBST2: dimer of BST2; mBST2: monomer of BST2. All Western blots presented are representative of at least three independent experiments.

    Article Snippet: The following antibodies were used for immunoblotting and/or immunofluorescence: Mouse monoclonal anti-CAp24 HIV-1 (National Institute for Biological Standards and Control Centralized Facility for AIDS Reagents (NIBCS); ARP366), human monoclonal anti-SUgp120 (National Institute for Biological Standards and Control Centralized Facility for AIDS Reagents (NIBCS); 2G12), mouse monoclonal anti-BST2 (Abnova; H00000684-M15), mouse monoclonal anti-GAPDH (Santa Cruz; sc-47724), mouse monoclonal anti-α-Tubulin (Sigma-Aldrich; T9026), mouse monoclonal anti-β-Actin (Sigma-Aldrich; A2228), mouse monoclonal anti-Flag (M2)-HRP (Sigma-Aldrich; A8592), rabbit polyclonal anti-ATG5 (Cell Signaling Technology; 12994S), rabbit polyclonal anti-LC3B (Novus Biologicals; NB600-1384), rabbit polyclonal anti-BST2 (NIH AIDS Reagent Program, Division of AIDS, NIAID, NIH; 11721) and rabbit polyclonal anti-Vpu (NIH AIDS Reagent Program, Division of AIDS, NIAID, NIH; 969). rat monoclonal anti-HA (3F10)-HRP (Roche; 12013819001), goat polyclonal anti-GFP-HRP (GeneTex; GTX26663).

    Techniques: Transfection, Infection, Western Blot, Immunoprecipitation

    (A) HeLa cells transfected with either control siRNA (CTRL) or siRNA targeting ATG5 or LC3C were infected with a VSV-G pseudotyped WT or Udel NL4.3 HIV-1 at a MOI of 0.5 for 24 hrs. Endogenous BST2 was immunoprecipitated with a mouse anti-BST2 antibody and deglycosylated precipitates were analyzed by western blot using rabbit anti-phosphorylated BST2 (pBST2) and rabbit anti-BST2 antibodies. (B) Quantification of the relative amount of the dimeric form of BST2 (dBST2) after normalization to the monomeric form (mBST2). Statistical analysis using two-tailed unpaired Student’s t test, mean ± SEM, n=3 experiments, * p ≤ 0.05, ** p ≤ 0.01, *** p ≤ 0.001. (C) Quantification of the relative amount of the phosphorylated monomeric form of BST2 (pBST2) after normalization to immunoprecipitated monomeric BST2. Statistical analysis using two-tailed unpaired Student’s t test, mean ± SEM, n=3 experiments, * p ≤ 0.05, *** p ≤ 0.001. dBST2: dimer of BST2; mBST2: monomer of BST2. (D) Confocal fluorescence microscopy of HeLa cells infected with VSV-G-pseudotyped WT HIV-1 MA-YFP for 24hrs following total staining with rabbit anti-pBST2 antibodies. Scale Bar: 20µM. All Western blots and immunofluorescence images presented are representative of at least three independent experiments. (E) HeLa BST2 WT and HeLa BST2 -/- cells transfected with either control siRNA (CTRL) or siRNA targeting ATG5 were transfected with the WT or Vpu-deleted (Udel) NL4.3HIV-1 provirus for 28 hrs. Total RNA was analyzed for TNFalpha mRNA levels relative to KDSR by qRT-PCR. Statistical analysis using two-tailed unpaired Student’s t test, mean ± SEM, n=3 experiments, * p ≤ 0.05. (F) HeLa BST2 WT and HeLa BST2 -/- cells transfected with either control siRNA (CTRL) or siRNA targeting LC3C were transfected with the provirus HIV-1 NL4.3 WT or Udel for 28 hrs. Total RNA was analyzed for TNFalpha mRNA levels relative to KDSR by qRT-PCR. Statistical analysis using two-tailed unpaired Student’s t test, mean ± SEM, n=3 experiments, * p ≤ 0.05.

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: ATG5 selectively engages virus-tethered BST2/Tetherin in an LC3C-associated pathway

    doi: 10.1101/2023.01.06.522978

    Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) HeLa cells transfected with either control siRNA (CTRL) or siRNA targeting ATG5 or LC3C were infected with a VSV-G pseudotyped WT or Udel NL4.3 HIV-1 at a MOI of 0.5 for 24 hrs. Endogenous BST2 was immunoprecipitated with a mouse anti-BST2 antibody and deglycosylated precipitates were analyzed by western blot using rabbit anti-phosphorylated BST2 (pBST2) and rabbit anti-BST2 antibodies. (B) Quantification of the relative amount of the dimeric form of BST2 (dBST2) after normalization to the monomeric form (mBST2). Statistical analysis using two-tailed unpaired Student’s t test, mean ± SEM, n=3 experiments, * p ≤ 0.05, ** p ≤ 0.01, *** p ≤ 0.001. (C) Quantification of the relative amount of the phosphorylated monomeric form of BST2 (pBST2) after normalization to immunoprecipitated monomeric BST2. Statistical analysis using two-tailed unpaired Student’s t test, mean ± SEM, n=3 experiments, * p ≤ 0.05, *** p ≤ 0.001. dBST2: dimer of BST2; mBST2: monomer of BST2. (D) Confocal fluorescence microscopy of HeLa cells infected with VSV-G-pseudotyped WT HIV-1 MA-YFP for 24hrs following total staining with rabbit anti-pBST2 antibodies. Scale Bar: 20µM. All Western blots and immunofluorescence images presented are representative of at least three independent experiments. (E) HeLa BST2 WT and HeLa BST2 -/- cells transfected with either control siRNA (CTRL) or siRNA targeting ATG5 were transfected with the WT or Vpu-deleted (Udel) NL4.3HIV-1 provirus for 28 hrs. Total RNA was analyzed for TNFalpha mRNA levels relative to KDSR by qRT-PCR. Statistical analysis using two-tailed unpaired Student’s t test, mean ± SEM, n=3 experiments, * p ≤ 0.05. (F) HeLa BST2 WT and HeLa BST2 -/- cells transfected with either control siRNA (CTRL) or siRNA targeting LC3C were transfected with the provirus HIV-1 NL4.3 WT or Udel for 28 hrs. Total RNA was analyzed for TNFalpha mRNA levels relative to KDSR by qRT-PCR. Statistical analysis using two-tailed unpaired Student’s t test, mean ± SEM, n=3 experiments, * p ≤ 0.05.

    Article Snippet: The following antibodies were used for immunoblotting and/or immunofluorescence: Mouse monoclonal anti-CAp24 HIV-1 (National Institute for Biological Standards and Control Centralized Facility for AIDS Reagents (NIBCS); ARP366), human monoclonal anti-SUgp120 (National Institute for Biological Standards and Control Centralized Facility for AIDS Reagents (NIBCS); 2G12), mouse monoclonal anti-BST2 (Abnova; H00000684-M15), mouse monoclonal anti-GAPDH (Santa Cruz; sc-47724), mouse monoclonal anti-α-Tubulin (Sigma-Aldrich; T9026), mouse monoclonal anti-β-Actin (Sigma-Aldrich; A2228), mouse monoclonal anti-Flag (M2)-HRP (Sigma-Aldrich; A8592), rabbit polyclonal anti-ATG5 (Cell Signaling Technology; 12994S), rabbit polyclonal anti-LC3B (Novus Biologicals; NB600-1384), rabbit polyclonal anti-BST2 (NIH AIDS Reagent Program, Division of AIDS, NIAID, NIH; 11721) and rabbit polyclonal anti-Vpu (NIH AIDS Reagent Program, Division of AIDS, NIAID, NIH; 969). rat monoclonal anti-HA (3F10)-HRP (Roche; 12013819001), goat polyclonal anti-GFP-HRP (GeneTex; GTX26663).

    Techniques: Transfection, Infection, Immunoprecipitation, Western Blot, Two Tailed Test, Fluorescence, Microscopy, Staining, Immunofluorescence, Quantitative RT-PCR

    (A) Western blot analysis of ATG5, HIV-1 Gag and CAp24 products, BST2, Vpu and GAPDH in parental and BST2 -/- HeLa cells transfected with either control siRNA (CTRL) or siRNA targeting ATG5 (ATG5) or LC3C and transfected with the WT or Udel NL4.3 HIV-1 provirus for 28hrs. The western blot is representative of three independent experiments. (B) Total RNA profile for LC3C mRNA levels relative to KDSR by qRT-PCR of HeLa BST2 WT and HeLa BST2 -/- cells transfected with either control siRNA (CTRL) or siRNA targeting LC3C and transfected with the provirus HIV-1 NL4.3 WT or Udel for 28hrs. n= 3 experiments.

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: ATG5 selectively engages virus-tethered BST2/Tetherin in an LC3C-associated pathway

    doi: 10.1101/2023.01.06.522978

    Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Western blot analysis of ATG5, HIV-1 Gag and CAp24 products, BST2, Vpu and GAPDH in parental and BST2 -/- HeLa cells transfected with either control siRNA (CTRL) or siRNA targeting ATG5 (ATG5) or LC3C and transfected with the WT or Udel NL4.3 HIV-1 provirus for 28hrs. The western blot is representative of three independent experiments. (B) Total RNA profile for LC3C mRNA levels relative to KDSR by qRT-PCR of HeLa BST2 WT and HeLa BST2 -/- cells transfected with either control siRNA (CTRL) or siRNA targeting LC3C and transfected with the provirus HIV-1 NL4.3 WT or Udel for 28hrs. n= 3 experiments.

    Article Snippet: The following antibodies were used for immunoblotting and/or immunofluorescence: Mouse monoclonal anti-CAp24 HIV-1 (National Institute for Biological Standards and Control Centralized Facility for AIDS Reagents (NIBCS); ARP366), human monoclonal anti-SUgp120 (National Institute for Biological Standards and Control Centralized Facility for AIDS Reagents (NIBCS); 2G12), mouse monoclonal anti-BST2 (Abnova; H00000684-M15), mouse monoclonal anti-GAPDH (Santa Cruz; sc-47724), mouse monoclonal anti-α-Tubulin (Sigma-Aldrich; T9026), mouse monoclonal anti-β-Actin (Sigma-Aldrich; A2228), mouse monoclonal anti-Flag (M2)-HRP (Sigma-Aldrich; A8592), rabbit polyclonal anti-ATG5 (Cell Signaling Technology; 12994S), rabbit polyclonal anti-LC3B (Novus Biologicals; NB600-1384), rabbit polyclonal anti-BST2 (NIH AIDS Reagent Program, Division of AIDS, NIAID, NIH; 11721) and rabbit polyclonal anti-Vpu (NIH AIDS Reagent Program, Division of AIDS, NIAID, NIH; 969). rat monoclonal anti-HA (3F10)-HRP (Roche; 12013819001), goat polyclonal anti-GFP-HRP (GeneTex; GTX26663).

    Techniques: Western Blot, Transfection, Quantitative RT-PCR

    (Left panel) ATG5 initiated the LC3-associated pathway by recognizing and targeting phosphorylated virus-tethered BST2. The interaction induces the endocytosis via regulators of clathrin-mediated vesicular trafficking of viral-tethered pBST2 in a single membrane compartment. LC3C will be recruited to the BST2-ATG5 complex through its interaction with Vpu. The presence of ATG5 at the level of the compartment will favor the lipidation of LC3C and thus its anchoring to this compartment sequestering virus-tethered pBST2. The LC3C involvement will accelerate the docking of this compartment to the lysosomes leading to the degradation of virus-tethered pBST2. Upon Vpu expression, the degradation of virus-tethered pBST2 will attenuate the signaling mediated by BST2. Without Vpu expression, viral-tethered pBST2 will still be endocytosed. However, in absence of LC3C recruitment onto this compartment, the fusion with lysosome will be delayed and BST2-mediated signaling will persist. (Right panel) Without ATG5, virus-tethered BST2 will not be endocytosed and degraded. The virion retention mediated by BST2 will not induce the activation of NF-ĸB signaling.

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: ATG5 selectively engages virus-tethered BST2/Tetherin in an LC3C-associated pathway

    doi: 10.1101/2023.01.06.522978

    Figure Lengend Snippet: (Left panel) ATG5 initiated the LC3-associated pathway by recognizing and targeting phosphorylated virus-tethered BST2. The interaction induces the endocytosis via regulators of clathrin-mediated vesicular trafficking of viral-tethered pBST2 in a single membrane compartment. LC3C will be recruited to the BST2-ATG5 complex through its interaction with Vpu. The presence of ATG5 at the level of the compartment will favor the lipidation of LC3C and thus its anchoring to this compartment sequestering virus-tethered pBST2. The LC3C involvement will accelerate the docking of this compartment to the lysosomes leading to the degradation of virus-tethered pBST2. Upon Vpu expression, the degradation of virus-tethered pBST2 will attenuate the signaling mediated by BST2. Without Vpu expression, viral-tethered pBST2 will still be endocytosed. However, in absence of LC3C recruitment onto this compartment, the fusion with lysosome will be delayed and BST2-mediated signaling will persist. (Right panel) Without ATG5, virus-tethered BST2 will not be endocytosed and degraded. The virion retention mediated by BST2 will not induce the activation of NF-ĸB signaling.

    Article Snippet: The following antibodies were used for immunoblotting and/or immunofluorescence: Mouse monoclonal anti-CAp24 HIV-1 (National Institute for Biological Standards and Control Centralized Facility for AIDS Reagents (NIBCS); ARP366), human monoclonal anti-SUgp120 (National Institute for Biological Standards and Control Centralized Facility for AIDS Reagents (NIBCS); 2G12), mouse monoclonal anti-BST2 (Abnova; H00000684-M15), mouse monoclonal anti-GAPDH (Santa Cruz; sc-47724), mouse monoclonal anti-α-Tubulin (Sigma-Aldrich; T9026), mouse monoclonal anti-β-Actin (Sigma-Aldrich; A2228), mouse monoclonal anti-Flag (M2)-HRP (Sigma-Aldrich; A8592), rabbit polyclonal anti-ATG5 (Cell Signaling Technology; 12994S), rabbit polyclonal anti-LC3B (Novus Biologicals; NB600-1384), rabbit polyclonal anti-BST2 (NIH AIDS Reagent Program, Division of AIDS, NIAID, NIH; 11721) and rabbit polyclonal anti-Vpu (NIH AIDS Reagent Program, Division of AIDS, NIAID, NIH; 969). rat monoclonal anti-HA (3F10)-HRP (Roche; 12013819001), goat polyclonal anti-GFP-HRP (GeneTex; GTX26663).

    Techniques: Expressing, Activation Assay

    Primers for real-time PCR.

    Journal: Journal of Immunology Research

    Article Title: Activation of FGD5-AS1 Promotes Progression of Cervical Cancer through Regulating BST2 to Inhibit Macrophage M1 Polarization

    doi: 10.1155/2021/5857214

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Primers for real-time PCR.

    Article Snippet: Antibodies against human BST2 and GAPDH were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Boston, MA, USA).

    Techniques:

    FGD5-AS1 and BST2 expression in cervical cancer cells. (a) RNA levels of FGD5-AS1 in HeLa, SiHa, C33A, CasKi, and H8 cells. (b) RNA levels of BST2 in HeLa, SiHa, C33A, CasKi, and H8 cells. ∗∗∗ P < 0.001 and ∗ P < 0.05. Three independent assays were carried out.

    Journal: Journal of Immunology Research

    Article Title: Activation of FGD5-AS1 Promotes Progression of Cervical Cancer through Regulating BST2 to Inhibit Macrophage M1 Polarization

    doi: 10.1155/2021/5857214

    Figure Lengend Snippet: FGD5-AS1 and BST2 expression in cervical cancer cells. (a) RNA levels of FGD5-AS1 in HeLa, SiHa, C33A, CasKi, and H8 cells. (b) RNA levels of BST2 in HeLa, SiHa, C33A, CasKi, and H8 cells. ∗∗∗ P < 0.001 and ∗ P < 0.05. Three independent assays were carried out.

    Article Snippet: Antibodies against human BST2 and GAPDH were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Boston, MA, USA).

    Techniques: Expressing

    Effects of FGD5-AS1 on cervical cancer cell aggressiveness. (a) FGD5-AS1 expression in SiHa cells. FGD5-AS1 knockdown was generated in the SiHa cells by transfection of shFGD5-AS1. The transfection efficiency was validated by real-time PCR. (b, c) BST2 mRNA and protein expression in SiHa cells. (d) Cell viability by CCK8 assay. (e) Cell apoptosis by TUNEL assay. (f) Migration and invasion capacity using Transwell assay. ∗ P < 0.05. shNC shRNA: negative control. Three independent assays were carried out.

    Journal: Journal of Immunology Research

    Article Title: Activation of FGD5-AS1 Promotes Progression of Cervical Cancer through Regulating BST2 to Inhibit Macrophage M1 Polarization

    doi: 10.1155/2021/5857214

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of FGD5-AS1 on cervical cancer cell aggressiveness. (a) FGD5-AS1 expression in SiHa cells. FGD5-AS1 knockdown was generated in the SiHa cells by transfection of shFGD5-AS1. The transfection efficiency was validated by real-time PCR. (b, c) BST2 mRNA and protein expression in SiHa cells. (d) Cell viability by CCK8 assay. (e) Cell apoptosis by TUNEL assay. (f) Migration and invasion capacity using Transwell assay. ∗ P < 0.05. shNC shRNA: negative control. Three independent assays were carried out.

    Article Snippet: Antibodies against human BST2 and GAPDH were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Boston, MA, USA).

    Techniques: Expressing, Generated, Transfection, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, CCK-8 Assay, TUNEL Assay, Migration, Transwell Assay, shRNA, Negative Control

    Effects of FGD5-AS1 on M2-like polarization of macrophages. (a) The expression of FGD5-AS1 was increased in M2 macrophages. (b) The expression of BST2 was upregulated in M2 macrophages. M0 cells were transfected with FGD5-AS1 shRNA. (c) Expression of M1 markers (CD80 and CD86). (d) Expression of M2 markers (CD206 and CD163). (e) Flow cytometry analysis of CD80 and CD86 in different transfectants of M0 cells. (f) Flow cytometry analysis of CD206 and CD163 in different transfectants of M0 cells. ∗ P < 0.05. Three independent assays were carried out.

    Journal: Journal of Immunology Research

    Article Title: Activation of FGD5-AS1 Promotes Progression of Cervical Cancer through Regulating BST2 to Inhibit Macrophage M1 Polarization

    doi: 10.1155/2021/5857214

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of FGD5-AS1 on M2-like polarization of macrophages. (a) The expression of FGD5-AS1 was increased in M2 macrophages. (b) The expression of BST2 was upregulated in M2 macrophages. M0 cells were transfected with FGD5-AS1 shRNA. (c) Expression of M1 markers (CD80 and CD86). (d) Expression of M2 markers (CD206 and CD163). (e) Flow cytometry analysis of CD80 and CD86 in different transfectants of M0 cells. (f) Flow cytometry analysis of CD206 and CD163 in different transfectants of M0 cells. ∗ P < 0.05. Three independent assays were carried out.

    Article Snippet: Antibodies against human BST2 and GAPDH were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Boston, MA, USA).

    Techniques: Expressing, Transfection, shRNA, Flow Cytometry

    FGD5-AS1 sponged miR-129-5p to regulate BST2. (a) Binding site between FGD5-AS1 and miR-129-5p. (b) The luciferase activity in FGD5-AS1-WT and FGD5-AS1-MUT after transfection with miR-129-5p mimics or NC. (c, d) Enrichment of FGD5-AS1 and miR-129-5p in the anti-Ago2 or IgG immunoprecipitates in SiHa cells transfected with miR-129-5p NC or inhibitors. (e) The predicted binding site between BST2 and miR-129-5p. (f) The luciferase activity in BST2-WT and BST2-MUT after transfection with miR-129-5p mimics or NC. ∗ P < 0.05. Three independent assays were carried out.

    Journal: Journal of Immunology Research

    Article Title: Activation of FGD5-AS1 Promotes Progression of Cervical Cancer through Regulating BST2 to Inhibit Macrophage M1 Polarization

    doi: 10.1155/2021/5857214

    Figure Lengend Snippet: FGD5-AS1 sponged miR-129-5p to regulate BST2. (a) Binding site between FGD5-AS1 and miR-129-5p. (b) The luciferase activity in FGD5-AS1-WT and FGD5-AS1-MUT after transfection with miR-129-5p mimics or NC. (c, d) Enrichment of FGD5-AS1 and miR-129-5p in the anti-Ago2 or IgG immunoprecipitates in SiHa cells transfected with miR-129-5p NC or inhibitors. (e) The predicted binding site between BST2 and miR-129-5p. (f) The luciferase activity in BST2-WT and BST2-MUT after transfection with miR-129-5p mimics or NC. ∗ P < 0.05. Three independent assays were carried out.

    Article Snippet: Antibodies against human BST2 and GAPDH were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Boston, MA, USA).

    Techniques: Binding Assay, Luciferase, Activity Assay, Transfection

    BST2 promoted cervical cancer progression via inducing M2 macrophage polarization. (a) mRNA levels of BST2 in SiHa cells transfected with BST2 shRNA. (b) Cell viability by CCK8 assay. (c) Cell apoptosis by TUNEL assay. (d) Migration and invasion capacity by Transwell assay. (e) mRNA expression of CD80 and CD86 in macrophages. (f) mRNA expression of CD206 and CD163 in M0 macrophages transfected with BST2 shRNA. ∗ P < 0.05. Three independent assays were carried out.

    Journal: Journal of Immunology Research

    Article Title: Activation of FGD5-AS1 Promotes Progression of Cervical Cancer through Regulating BST2 to Inhibit Macrophage M1 Polarization

    doi: 10.1155/2021/5857214

    Figure Lengend Snippet: BST2 promoted cervical cancer progression via inducing M2 macrophage polarization. (a) mRNA levels of BST2 in SiHa cells transfected with BST2 shRNA. (b) Cell viability by CCK8 assay. (c) Cell apoptosis by TUNEL assay. (d) Migration and invasion capacity by Transwell assay. (e) mRNA expression of CD80 and CD86 in macrophages. (f) mRNA expression of CD206 and CD163 in M0 macrophages transfected with BST2 shRNA. ∗ P < 0.05. Three independent assays were carried out.

    Article Snippet: Antibodies against human BST2 and GAPDH were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Boston, MA, USA).

    Techniques: Transfection, shRNA, CCK-8 Assay, TUNEL Assay, Migration, Transwell Assay, Expressing

    miR-129-5p mimics reversed FGD5-AS1-induced upregulation of BST2 and M2 macrophage polarization. (a) Levels of FGD5-AS1 in SiHa cells transfected with vector, FGD5-AS1, FGD5-AS1 plus miR-129-5p NC, or FGD5-AS1 plus miR-129-5p mimics. (b, c) The levels of BST2 in SiHa cells. (d) mRNA expression of CD80 and CD86 in macrophages. (e) mRNA expression of CD206 and CD163 in macrophages. ∗ P < 0.05. Three independent assays were carried out.

    Journal: Journal of Immunology Research

    Article Title: Activation of FGD5-AS1 Promotes Progression of Cervical Cancer through Regulating BST2 to Inhibit Macrophage M1 Polarization

    doi: 10.1155/2021/5857214

    Figure Lengend Snippet: miR-129-5p mimics reversed FGD5-AS1-induced upregulation of BST2 and M2 macrophage polarization. (a) Levels of FGD5-AS1 in SiHa cells transfected with vector, FGD5-AS1, FGD5-AS1 plus miR-129-5p NC, or FGD5-AS1 plus miR-129-5p mimics. (b, c) The levels of BST2 in SiHa cells. (d) mRNA expression of CD80 and CD86 in macrophages. (e) mRNA expression of CD206 and CD163 in macrophages. ∗ P < 0.05. Three independent assays were carried out.

    Article Snippet: Antibodies against human BST2 and GAPDH were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Boston, MA, USA).

    Techniques: Transfection, Plasmid Preparation, Expressing

    KEY RESOURCES TABLE

    Journal: Cell reports

    Article Title: Single-cell sequencing reveals activation of core transcription factors in PRC2-deficient malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor

    doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111363

    Figure Lengend Snippet: KEY RESOURCES TABLE

    Article Snippet: BST2 , Cell Signaling Technology , Cat# 19277S; RRID: AB_2798815.

    Techniques: Recombinant, Lysis, Protease Inhibitor, Western Blot, Bradford Assay, Magnetic Beads, Multiplex Assay, Next-Generation Sequencing, Generated, Sequencing, Negative Control, Plasmid Preparation, Software, Microscopy

    KEY RESOURCES TABLE

    Journal: Cell reports

    Article Title: Single-cell sequencing reveals activation of core transcription factors in PRC2-deficient malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor

    doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111363

    Figure Lengend Snippet: KEY RESOURCES TABLE

    Article Snippet: BST2 , Cell Signaling Technology , Cat# 19277S; RRID: AB_2798815.

    Techniques: Recombinant, Lysis, Protease Inhibitor, Western Blot, Bradford Assay, Magnetic Beads, Multiplex Assay, Next-Generation Sequencing, Generated, Sequencing, Negative Control, Plasmid Preparation, Software, Microscopy

    TGN induced downregulation of BST-2 and promoted cervical cancer cell death in serum-deprived cultures. (A) After cells were treated with 80 µg/ml TGN for 16 h, the protein expression levels of BST-2 was determined by western blotting. (B) Cell viability in the serum-deprived culture was detected via Cell Counting Kit-8 assays following BST-2 overexpression. * P<0.05, ** P<0.01, *** P<0.001 vs. DMSO. TGN, total ginsenoside; BST-2, bone marrow stromal antigen-2; DMSO, dimethylsulfoxide.

    Journal: Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

    Article Title: Total ginsenosides induce autophagic cell death in cervical cancer cells accompanied by downregulation of bone marrow stromal antigen-2

    doi: 10.3892/etm.2021.10099

    Figure Lengend Snippet: TGN induced downregulation of BST-2 and promoted cervical cancer cell death in serum-deprived cultures. (A) After cells were treated with 80 µg/ml TGN for 16 h, the protein expression levels of BST-2 was determined by western blotting. (B) Cell viability in the serum-deprived culture was detected via Cell Counting Kit-8 assays following BST-2 overexpression. * P<0.05, ** P<0.01, *** P<0.001 vs. DMSO. TGN, total ginsenoside; BST-2, bone marrow stromal antigen-2; DMSO, dimethylsulfoxide.

    Article Snippet: 12741 and 3498, respectively; Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.) and rabbit anti-BST-2 pAb (cat. no. BS5634; Bioworld Technology, Inc.).

    Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot, Cell Counting, Over Expression