Journal: Journal of Oncology

Article Title: A Water-Soluble Hydrogen Sulfide Donor Suppresses the Growth of Hepatocellular Carcinoma via Inhibiting the AKT/GSK-3 β / β -Catenin and TGF- β /Smad2/3 Signaling Pathways

doi: 10.1155/2023/8456852

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of HA-ADT on the apoptotic level and AKT/GSK-3 β / β -catenin pathway in human HCC cells. (a) TUNEL staining was used to detect the apoptotic level (original magnification, 100x). (b) The apoptotic index was counted as the ratio of TUNEL positive cells to total cells. (c) Flow cytometry assay was adopted to detect apoptosis. (d) Cell apoptosis distribution was analyzed. (e) Western blotting was used to determine the protein levels of AKT, p-AKT, GSK-3 β , p-GSK-3 β , β -catenin, and p- β -catenin. β -actin was adopted as the internal control. (f) The density was analyzed. All data are shown as the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments; ∗ P < 0.05, ∗∗ P < 0.01 vs. control group; △ P < 0.05, △△ P < 0.01 vs. NaHS group; ## P < 0.01 vs. GYY4137 group.

Article Snippet: The primary antibodies include anti-Cyclin E1, anti-Cyclin D1, anti-cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 2, anti-CDK4, anti-p27, anti-p21, anti-AKT, anti-phospho (p)-AKT (Ser473), anti-glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (Gsk‐3 β ), anti-p-Gsk-3 β (Ser9), anti- β -catenin, anti-p- β -catenin (Ser552), anti-beclin-1, anti-p62, anti-LC3A/B, anti-Smad2, anti-p-Smad2 (Ser465/467), anti-Smad3, anti-p-Smad3 (Ser423/425), and anti-transforming growth factor-beta (TGF‐ β ) antibodies, as well as the horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibody obtained from Cell Signaling Technology (CST, Danvers, MA, USA).

Techniques: TUNEL Assay, Staining, Flow Cytometry, Western Blot

Journal: World Journal of Gastroenterology

Article Title: γ-aminobutyric acid B2 receptor: A potential therapeutic target for cholangiocarcinoma in patients with diabetes mellitus

doi: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i28.4416

Figure Lengend Snippet: Baclofen inhibits the glycogen synthase kinase 3/β-catenin and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathways. A and B: Phospho-kinase arrays reveal the inhibition of phosphorylation in multiple kinases and signal transducers; C: Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3)/β-catenin and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) are included for further analysis as they are key pathways in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) progression in which β-catenin and STAT3 are common targets of GSK3. RNA expression of γ-aminobutyric acid B2 receptor and that of STAT3 are significantly correlated in clinical CCA samples from Thai patients. HG: High glucose; GABBR2: γ-aminobutyric acid B2 receptor; GSK3: Glycogen synthase kinase 3; STAT3: Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3.

Article Snippet: Primary antibodies used to detect the proteins by western blot were: GABBR2 (1:500, Proteintech, Rosemont, IL), pSTAT3 (Y705) (1:500, Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA), pSTAT3 (S727) (1:500, Cell Signaling Technology), STAT3 (1:1000, Cell Signaling Technology), p-glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3)α/β (1:1000, Cell Signaling Technology), GSK3α/β (1:1000, Cell Signaling Technology), β-catenin (1:1000, Cell Signaling Technology), cyclin D1 (1:1000, Cell Signaling Technology), c-Myc (1:500, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX), and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) (1:10000, Millipore Sigma, Burlington, MA).

Techniques: Inhibition, RNA Expression

Journal: World Journal of Gastroenterology

Article Title: γ-aminobutyric acid B2 receptor: A potential therapeutic target for cholangiocarcinoma in patients with diabetes mellitus

doi: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i28.4416

Figure Lengend Snippet: Baclofen suppresses the glycogen synthase kinase 3/β-catenin and signal transducer and activators of transcription 3 pathways. A and B: Phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) and signal transducer and activators of transcription 3 is decreased after baclofen treatment in both cholangiocarcinoma cell lines, both cultured in normal glucose and high glucose conditions. Total β-catenin protein is also decreased consistently with the decreased phosphorylated GSK3α/β. Western blots show the representative of three biological replications with the same trends of results. Band intensities are the average of three biological replications which are normalized using the intensities of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase for each experiment. The levels of phosphorylated forms are normalized with the total forms of their corresponding proteins. NG: Normal glucose; HG: High glucose; GAPDH: Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GSK3: Glycogen synthase kinase 3; STAT3: Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3.

Article Snippet: Primary antibodies used to detect the proteins by western blot were: GABBR2 (1:500, Proteintech, Rosemont, IL), pSTAT3 (Y705) (1:500, Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA), pSTAT3 (S727) (1:500, Cell Signaling Technology), STAT3 (1:1000, Cell Signaling Technology), p-glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3)α/β (1:1000, Cell Signaling Technology), GSK3α/β (1:1000, Cell Signaling Technology), β-catenin (1:1000, Cell Signaling Technology), cyclin D1 (1:1000, Cell Signaling Technology), c-Myc (1:500, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX), and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) (1:10000, Millipore Sigma, Burlington, MA).

Techniques: Cell Culture, Western Blot

Journal: World Journal of Gastroenterology

Article Title: γ-aminobutyric acid B2 receptor: A potential therapeutic target for cholangiocarcinoma in patients with diabetes mellitus

doi: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i28.4416

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic summary of the effects of high glucose on γ-aminobutyric acid B2 receptor expression and the effects of baclofen on cholangiocarcinoma cells. High glucose induces the expression of γ-aminobutyric acid B2 receptor (GABBR2) in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) cells. The treatment of baclofen, a GABBR2 agonist, to CCA cells inhibits phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3, resulting in the activation of the kinase activity which further phosphorylates β-catenin. Phosphorylated β-catenin is subjected to degradation preventing its function on promoting cell proliferation via c-Myc and cyclin D1 expression. On the other hand, activated GABBR2 by baclofen also inhibits phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). The inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation also suppresses its functions as a transcription factor for c-Myc and cyclin D1 expression. Activating GABBR2 by baclofen, thus, suppresses the proliferation of CCA cells. GABBR2: γ-aminobutyric acid B2 receptor; GSK3: Glycogen synthase kinase 3; STAT3: Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3.

Article Snippet: Primary antibodies used to detect the proteins by western blot were: GABBR2 (1:500, Proteintech, Rosemont, IL), pSTAT3 (Y705) (1:500, Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA), pSTAT3 (S727) (1:500, Cell Signaling Technology), STAT3 (1:1000, Cell Signaling Technology), p-glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3)α/β (1:1000, Cell Signaling Technology), GSK3α/β (1:1000, Cell Signaling Technology), β-catenin (1:1000, Cell Signaling Technology), cyclin D1 (1:1000, Cell Signaling Technology), c-Myc (1:500, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX), and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) (1:10000, Millipore Sigma, Burlington, MA).

Techniques: Expressing, Activation Assay, Activity Assay, Inhibition

Journal: iScience

Article Title: Toward countering muscle and bone loss with spaceflight: GSK3 as a potential target

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107047

Figure Lengend Snippet: The combined effect of spaceflight across all missions on GSK3 content, phosphorylation status and MHC isoform content in soleus muscles (A) Total GSK3β content. (B) Phosphorylated GSK3β (Ser9) relative to total GSK3β content. (C) Total GSK3α content. (D) Phosphorylated GSK3α (Ser21) relative to total GSK3β content. (E) MHC I content. (F) MHC IIa content. (G) MHC IIx content. (H) MHC IIb content. Fold-change (FC) data were calculated for each mission by dividing the Flight group by the average of the combined GC and VIV groups. The combined dataset represents the mean ± SEM and p value (Student’s t test) for all FC data (RR1, RR9, RR18, and BION-M1).

Article Snippet: Antibodies from pGSK3β (9336), total (t)-GSK3-β (9315), pGSK3α (9316), tGSK3α (4818), β-Catenin (8480) were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA).

Techniques:

Journal: iScience

Article Title: Toward countering muscle and bone loss with spaceflight: GSK3 as a potential target

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107047

Figure Lengend Snippet: Partial muscle-specific Gsk3 knockdown (GSK3 mKD ) increases soleus muscle mass, myogenic signaling, and the oxidative phenotype while preserving muscle strength after 7 days of hindlimb suspension (HLS) (A–C) DXA scan analyses showing that GSK3 mKD mice have no change in body mass but have lowered % fat mass and increased % lean mass even after 7 days of HLS. (D and E) Absolute and relative (to body mass) soleus muscle weights. (F and G) Percent reduction of absolute and relative soleus muscle weights in GSK3 mKD and GSK3 flox mice when compared to their respective mobile controls (see Figure S10 ). (H–J) H&E staining in the soleus shows that GSK3 mKD mice have an increased distribution of larger fibers versus GSK3 flox mice (rightward shift) and increased centrally located nuclei (see yellow arrows). Scale bars are set to 200 μm; CSA, cross-sectional area. (K) Western blot analysis of myogenic markers Pax7 and myogenin. (L) Western blot analysis of oxidative phenotype markers, MHC I, MHC IIa, PGC-1α, and COXIV as well as the glycolytic MHC IIx. (M) Specific force-frequency curves in soleus muscles from GSK3 mKD and GSK3 flox control mice after 7 days of HLS. (N) Specific force-frequency curves in soleus muscles from mobile GSK3 mKD and GSK3 flox control mice. (O) Calculated percent reduction in specific force across stimulation frequencies from GSK3 mKD and GSK3 flox control mice after 7 days of HLS (compared to their respective mobile controls). For (B, C, E, J, K, L), ∗p < 0.05 using a Student’s t test. For (N-O), a two-way ANOVA was used to test the main effects of genotype and frequency. Data are presented as means ± SEM.

Article Snippet: Antibodies from pGSK3β (9336), total (t)-GSK3-β (9315), pGSK3α (9316), tGSK3α (4818), β-Catenin (8480) were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA).

Techniques: Preserving, Staining, Western Blot

Journal: iScience

Article Title: Toward countering muscle and bone loss with spaceflight: GSK3 as a potential target

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107047

Figure Lengend Snippet: GSK3β phosphorylation and content in femur samples obtained from male RR9 mice (A and B) Bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) of the individual bones obtained from a small animal DXA scanner. (C) Representative western blot images of phosphorylated (Ser9) and total GSK3β. (D and E) Western blot analysis of phosphorylated (Ser9) and total GSK3β content normalized to ponceau. (F) GSK3 activation status measured as the ratio of phosphorylated (Ser9) GSK3β relative to total GSK3β. (G) Representative DXA scan showing region-specific analysis of the femur, tibia, and lumbar spine in mice. (H) Region-specific BMD analysis in mobile GSK3 mKD and GSK3 flox mice measured at baseline. (I) Region-specific BMD analysis in mobile GSK3 mKD and GSK3 flox mice measured after 7 days of HLS. (J) Western blot analysis of soleus muscle FNDC5 from GSK3 mKD and GSK3 flox mice measured after 7 days of HLS. (K) Proposed tissue crosstalk between muscle and bone with muscle-specific Gsk3 deletion leading to an increase in FNDC5 and tibia BMD. ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗∗p < 0.001 using a Student’s t test (n = 6–12 per group for (A–F); n = 3–5 per group for (H–J). For (A–F), GC and VIV controls were combined to increase statistical power. All values are presented as means ± SEM.

Article Snippet: Antibodies from pGSK3β (9336), total (t)-GSK3-β (9315), pGSK3α (9316), tGSK3α (4818), β-Catenin (8480) were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA).

Techniques: Western Blot, Activation Assay

Journal: The Journal of Cell Biology

Article Title: Lack of Paxillin phosphorylation promotes single-cell migration in vivo

doi: 10.1083/jcb.202206078

Figure Lengend Snippet: Paxillin exhibits reduced phosphorylation on Y118 in migrating cancer cells in vivo as compared to in vitro cell culture conditions in both zebrafish and mouse melanoma models. (A) Schematic of protein structures of human and zebrafish Paxillin (top) and amino acid sequence comparisons of the region encompassing Y118 between zebrafish Paxillin and vertebrate Paxillin (bottom). Red arrowhead and box indicate the conservation of Y118 Paxillin between zebrafish and other vertebrates. (B) Top: Endogenous pY118-Paxillin staining (magenta) of ZMEL-GFP (GFP immunostaining, green) plated on 2D in vitro cell culture dishes. White arrowheads mark positive pY118-Paxillin staining. Bottom: Endogenous pY118-Paxillin staining (magenta) of ZMEL-mCherry (mCherry immunostaining, pseudo-colored green, white arrowheads) in larval zebrafish (3 d post-transplantation). Red arrowhead indicates a non-ZMEL cell with positive pY118-Paxillin immunostaining. Zoomed regions reveal pY118-Paxillin immunostaining only. Scale bar is 10 µm. (C) Western blot analysis of mouse melanoma YUMM1.7 cells expressing mammalian WT-Paxillin-T2A-GFP plated on the in vitro cell culture dishes ( n = 3 dishes) and YUMM1.7 melanoma in vivo tumors ( n = 5 tumors). In vitro and in vivo bands are from the same blot—see unmodified Western blot in . GFP was used as the loading control and a control for the number of YUMM1.7 cells in mouse tumors. (D) Quantification of pY118-Paxillin/total Paxillin protein ratio from C. Non-parametric unpaired t -test. (E) Quantification of single cell migration velocity in ZMEL-mCherry cells that exogenously express GFP-tagged zebrafish WT-Paxillin, Y118E-Paxillin, or Y118F-Paxillin in the in vitro cell culture conditions ( n = 64 cells for WT, n = 32 cells for Y118E, and n = 35 cells for Y118F) and in vivo ( n = 8 cells/3 fish for WT, n = 12 cells/3 fish for Y118E, and n = 15 cells/3 fish for Y118F). Larval zebrafish are imaged 1 d post-transplantation. Non-parametric one-way ANOVA, error bars are mean ± SD. (F) Cumulative FRAP recovery curves of WT-Paxillin-EGFP, Y118E-Paxillin-EGFP, or Y118F-Paxillin-EGFP in ZMEL cells in the in vitro cell culture conditions and in vivo after photobleaching. n = 34, 44, and 51 cells for WT, Y118E, Y118F in vitro, and n = 7 cells/6 fish, 6 cells/6 fish, and 6 cells/5 fish for WT, Y118E, Y118F in vivo. (G) Quantification of Paxillin disassembly rates in the WT, Y118E, Y118F-Paxilllin under in vitro cell culture conditions and WT, Y118E, Y118F-Paxilllin under in vivo conditions. n = 13, 13, and 11 cells for WT, Y118E, Y118F in vitro, and n = 8 cells/7 fish, 6 cells/6 fish, 11 cells/10 fish for WT, Y118E, Y118F in vivo. Error bars are mean ± SD. Non-parametric unpaired t test. Source data are available for this figure: .

Article Snippet: Primary antibodies used were rabbit anti-Paxillin (1:1,000, STJ94969; Antibodyplus), rabbit anti-pY118-Paxillin (1:1,000, 9369; Cell Signaling Technology), rabbit anti-FAK (1:1,000, 3285; Cell Signaling Technology), rabbit anti-pFAK397 (1:1,000, 3283; Cell Signaling Technology), chicken anti-GFP (1:500, ab13970; Abcam), mouse anti-CrkII (1:1,000610035; BD Bioscience), mouse anti-DOCK180 (1:500, sc-13163; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), mouse anti-C3G (1:250, sc-178403; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), rabbit p-ERK (1:1,000, 9101S; Cell Signaling Technology), and rabbit anti-pY31-Paxillin (1:1,000, 44-720G; Thermo Fisher Scientific).

Techniques: In Vivo, In Vitro, Cell Culture, Sequencing, Staining, Immunostaining, Transplantation Assay, Western Blot, Expressing, Migration

Journal: The Journal of Cell Biology

Article Title: Lack of Paxillin phosphorylation promotes single-cell migration in vivo

doi: 10.1083/jcb.202206078

Figure Lengend Snippet: Y118-Paxillin exhibits distinct phosphorylation status in migrating cancer cells in vivo versus in vitro. (A) Top: pY118-Paxillin immunostaining (magenta) of ZMEL-GFP (GFP immunostaining, green) plated on in vitro cell culture dishes. Middle: pY118-Paxillin immunostaining (magenta) of ZMEL-mCherry (mCherry immunostaining, pseudo-colored green) in larval zebrafish (3 d post-transplantation). Bottom: pY118-Paxillin immunostaining (magenta) of the zebrafish developing heart (5 dpf). (B) Western blot showing the specificity of the pY118-Paxillin antibody and that it does not recognize Y118E-Paxillin and Y118F-Paxillin. (C) Representative images of ZMEL-GFP cells plated on 2D surfaces of different stiffnesses (left) and stained for pY118-Paxillin (right). (D) Unmodified Western blot of panels shown in —YUMM1.7 cells plated in culture and YUMM1.7 melanoma tumors in vivo blotted with Paxillin and pY118-Paxillin antibodies. “P” is parental cell line with no GFP expression. GFP was used as the loading control and as a control for the number of YUMM1.7 cells in mouse tumors. Source data are available for this figure: .

Article Snippet: Primary antibodies used were rabbit anti-Paxillin (1:1,000, STJ94969; Antibodyplus), rabbit anti-pY118-Paxillin (1:1,000, 9369; Cell Signaling Technology), rabbit anti-FAK (1:1,000, 3285; Cell Signaling Technology), rabbit anti-pFAK397 (1:1,000, 3283; Cell Signaling Technology), chicken anti-GFP (1:500, ab13970; Abcam), mouse anti-CrkII (1:1,000610035; BD Bioscience), mouse anti-DOCK180 (1:500, sc-13163; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), mouse anti-C3G (1:250, sc-178403; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), rabbit p-ERK (1:1,000, 9101S; Cell Signaling Technology), and rabbit anti-pY31-Paxillin (1:1,000, 44-720G; Thermo Fisher Scientific).

Techniques: In Vivo, In Vitro, Immunostaining, Cell Culture, Transplantation Assay, Western Blot, Staining, Expressing

Journal: The Journal of Cell Biology

Article Title: Lack of Paxillin phosphorylation promotes single-cell migration in vivo

doi: 10.1083/jcb.202206078

Figure Lengend Snippet: Macrophages expressing non-phosphorylatable Y118F-Paxillin exhibit increased motility in vivo. (A) Endogenous pY118 Paxillin immunostaining (magenta) of macrophages (green, white arrowheads) in Tg ( mpeg:Lifeact-GFP ) zj506 larval zebrafish. Red arrowhead marks positive pY118 Paxillin immunostaining of a non-macrophage cell. Zoomed region of macrophage lacking pY118-Paxillin immunostaining. (B) Schematic of zebrafish tail wound transection area and macrophage imaging area for directed cell migration. (C) Still images from zebrafish macrophage tracking timelapse videos in 3 dpf Tg ( mpeg:WT-zebrafish Paxillin- EGFP ) zj503 , Tg ( mpeg:zebrafish Y118E-Paxillin- EGFP ) zj504 , and Tg ( mpeg:zebrafish Y118F-Paxillin- EGFP ) zj505 larvae at timepoint 0 and 10 min. Dotted lines indicate wound sites and arrows show the direction of migration. See also . Scale bar is 10 µm. (D) Quantification of macrophage migration velocities toward the wound in vivo. Non-parametric one-way ANOVA, error bars are mean ± SD. n = 38 cells/6 fish for WT, n = 20 cells/6 fish for Y118E and n = 24 cells/10 fish for Y118F. (E) Cell tracking of macrophage migration trajectories toward the wound in vivo, migration starting points are normalized to 0 in both x and y axes, wound sites are normalized to the positive x axis ( n = 38 cells/6 fish for WT, n = 20 cells/6 fish for Y118E and n = 24 cells/10 fish for Y118F). Arrows show the direction of migration toward the wound.

Article Snippet: Primary antibodies used were rabbit anti-Paxillin (1:1,000, STJ94969; Antibodyplus), rabbit anti-pY118-Paxillin (1:1,000, 9369; Cell Signaling Technology), rabbit anti-FAK (1:1,000, 3285; Cell Signaling Technology), rabbit anti-pFAK397 (1:1,000, 3283; Cell Signaling Technology), chicken anti-GFP (1:500, ab13970; Abcam), mouse anti-CrkII (1:1,000610035; BD Bioscience), mouse anti-DOCK180 (1:500, sc-13163; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), mouse anti-C3G (1:250, sc-178403; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), rabbit p-ERK (1:1,000, 9101S; Cell Signaling Technology), and rabbit anti-pY31-Paxillin (1:1,000, 44-720G; Thermo Fisher Scientific).

Techniques: Expressing, In Vivo, Immunostaining, Imaging, Migration, Cell Tracking Assay

Journal: The Journal of Cell Biology

Article Title: Lack of Paxillin phosphorylation promotes single-cell migration in vivo

doi: 10.1083/jcb.202206078

Figure Lengend Snippet: FAK is downregulated and CRKII-DOCK180/RacGEF exhibits increased interaction with unphosphorylated Y118-Paxillin in vivo compared to in vitro. (A) Schematic of in vitro Paxillin regulation from cell culture studies. Following integrin activation, a tyrosine kinase, FAK, phosphorylates Paxillin. Phosphorylated Paxillin then recruits the adaptor protein CRKII and the Paxillin/CRKII complex further recruits DOCK180/RacGEF, thereby activating downstream Rac-dependent pathways, inducing cell migration. (B) Western blot analysis of FAK levels (FAK) and FAK activation (pY397-FAK) in YUMM1.7 cells expressing mammalian WT-Paxillin-T2A-GFP in culture and YUMM1.7 tumors in vivo. In vitro and in vivo bands are from the same blot. Unmodified Western blot is in . GFP was used as the loading control and as a control for the number of YUMM1.7 cells in mouse tumors. (C and D) Quantification of the pY397-FAK/total FAK ratio (C) and total normalized FAK to GFP expression (D) in the in vitro cell culture and in vivo conditions. n = 3 dishes, 5 tumors for C, n = 5 dishes, 8 tumors for D. Error bars are mean ± SD. Non-parametric unpaired t test. (E) Western blot analysis of pY118-Paxillin levels in YUMM1.7 cells overexpressing GFP-FAK in vitro and in vivo. Actin is used as a loading control. (F) Quantification of pY118-Paxillin/Paxillin levels in E. GFP control tumors are normalized to 1. n = 4 technical replicates. Error bars are mean ± SD. Non-parametric unpaired t test. (G–J) Co-immunoprecipitation analyses of CRKII and Paxillin in YUMM1.7 cell lines that exogenously express mammalian wildtype, Y118E and Y118F Paxillin in vitro (G and H) and in in vivo tumors (I and J). (H and J) Quantification of CRKII/Paxillin ratio from G and I, bands from cells expressing wildtype Paxillin are normalized to 1 both in vitro and in vivo. n = 3 technical replicates. Non-parametric one-way ANOVA, error bars are mean ± SD. (K) Coimmunoprecipitation analyses of DOCK180/RacGEF and Paxillin in YUMM1.7 cell lines that exogenously express mammalian wildtype, Y118E and Y118F Paxillin in vitro and in in vivo tumors. (L–N) Coimmunoprecipitation analyses of CRKII and DOCK180/RacGEF to Paxillin in YUMM1.7 cell lines that exogenously express wildtype Paxillin in in vitro and in in vivo tumors. (M) Quantification of CRKII/Paxillin levels in L. n = 4 tumors. (N) Quantification of DOCK180/Paxillin levels in L. n = 4 tumors. Error bars are mean ± SD. Non-parametric unpaired t test. Source data are available for this figure: .

Article Snippet: Primary antibodies used were rabbit anti-Paxillin (1:1,000, STJ94969; Antibodyplus), rabbit anti-pY118-Paxillin (1:1,000, 9369; Cell Signaling Technology), rabbit anti-FAK (1:1,000, 3285; Cell Signaling Technology), rabbit anti-pFAK397 (1:1,000, 3283; Cell Signaling Technology), chicken anti-GFP (1:500, ab13970; Abcam), mouse anti-CrkII (1:1,000610035; BD Bioscience), mouse anti-DOCK180 (1:500, sc-13163; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), mouse anti-C3G (1:250, sc-178403; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), rabbit p-ERK (1:1,000, 9101S; Cell Signaling Technology), and rabbit anti-pY31-Paxillin (1:1,000, 44-720G; Thermo Fisher Scientific).

Techniques: In Vivo, In Vitro, Cell Culture, Activation Assay, Migration, Western Blot, Expressing, Immunoprecipitation

Journal: The Journal of Biological Chemistry

Article Title: Selective PPARγ modulator diosmin improves insulin sensitivity and promotes browning of white fat

doi: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.103059

Figure Lengend Snippet: Acute diosmin (Dios) administration improves diabetic gene programs in iWAT of mice. A , experimental model of acute control (Con) or Dios administration in mice with iWAT unilateral injection (n = 4). B , protein levels of S273 p-PPARγ, ( C ) p-IRβ, p-AKT, and p-GSK3β, ( D ) expression of gene set regulated by PPARγ S273 phosphorylation in iWAT of mice after acute Dios administration. Data are presented as mean ± SEM and ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01 compared with control group. iWAT, inguinal white adipose tissue; PPARγ, peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ.

Article Snippet: Membranes were incubated in 5% bovine serum albumin for 2 h and with primary antibodies overnight at 4 °C, including anti-p-PPARγ (1:2000 dilution) (catalog no.: bs-4888R; Bioss biotech), anti-PPARγ (1:1000 dilution) (catalog no.: sc-7273; Santa Cruz), anti-p-IRβ (1:2000 dilution) (catalog no.: 3025; Cell Signaling Technology), anti-p-AKT (1:2000 dilution) (catalog no.: 13038; Cell Signaling Technology), anti-p-GSK3β (1:2000 dilution) (catalog no.: 9322; Cell Signaling Technology) (1:2000 dilution), anti-UCP1 (catalog no.: Ab10983; Abcam), or β-actin (1:2000 dilution) (catalog no.: sc-47778; Santa Biotechnology).

Techniques: Injection, Expressing