Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Laser speckle flowgraph reveals dynamic characteristics and clinical relevance of choroidal watershed and peripapillary hypoperfusion zones

doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-47062-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: Representative images of Panoramic laser speckle flowgraphy map and fluorescein angiography in eyes with acute and chronic non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy. Panoramic laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG) and fluorescein angiography (FA) showing the choroidal hypoperfusion zone (CHZ) and its cardiac-phase dynamics in acute and chronic NAION. Acute NAION (A–F; 72-year-old woman, BCVA 20/40; Goldmann visual field: inferior altitudinal defect) ( a ) Fundus photographs obtained at initial visit. The left eye showed minimal optic disc edema and peripapillary hemorrhage. ( b ) Fluorescein angiography performed in the early phase. The choroidal hypoperfusion zone (CHZ) was located in the superior, temporal, and inferior nasal regions. ( c ) To show the spatial correspondence, the monochrome LSFG flow map (small rectangular area located at the optic nerve head) is overlaid on the FA image. The area of correspondence is highlighted with a white outline for clarity. ( d ) Panoramic LSFG color map, composed of a blood flow map during the diastolic phase, displays a wider CHZ. ( e ) Panoramic LSFG color map, based on a composite map (average blood flow map over entire cardiac cycle), shows the CHZ in the superior, temporal, and nasal regions. ( f ) Panoramic LSFG color map, derived from a blood flow map during the systolic phase, reveals a narrower CHZ with sufficient blood flow. Chronic NAION (G–L; 63-year-old man, BCVA 20/50; Goldmann visual field: central scotoma with superimposed inferior defect), ( g ) Fundus photographs obtained at initial visit. The left eye showed no disc edema, and pallor was most marked temporally. ( h ) Fluorescein angiography performed in the early phase. This figure shows a vertical choroidal hypoperfusion zone (CHZ) located mainly in the temporal region. ( i ) The overlaid monochrome LSFG map corresponds to the area of delayed filling on FA. The area of correspondence is highlighted with a white outline for clarity. ( j ) Panoramic LSFG color map, composed of a blood flow map during the diastolic phase, shows wider CHZ with insufficient blood flow. ( k ) Panoramic LSFG color map composed of a composite map, with the optic nerve head positioned at the center of the CHZ. ( l ) Panoramic LSFG color map, derived from a blood flow map during the systolic phase, shows a narrower CHZ with sufficient blood flow.

Article Snippet: LSFG Analyzer software (version 3.5.0.0; Softcare) was used to quantify blood flow within user-defined regions of interest (ROIs).

Techniques: Derivative Assay

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Laser speckle flowgraph reveals dynamic characteristics and clinical relevance of choroidal watershed and peripapillary hypoperfusion zones

doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-47062-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: Representative laser speckle flowgraphy map images showing choroidal blood flow symmetry and asymmetry patterns. Representative LSFG color-coded blood flow composite maps from 20 eyes are shown. Based on spatial configuration of the choroidal perfusion zone surrounding the optic nerve head, eyes were categorized into Asymmetry group (left panel, n = 10) or the Symmetry group (right panel, n = 10). The ocular perfusion pressure is shown in the lower right corner of each panel. Blue areas correspond to regions with reduced mean blur rate, indicating lower choroidal blood flow. The Symmetry group exhibited a broader extent of low-perfusion areas despite comparable OPP values between the two groups.

Article Snippet: LSFG Analyzer software (version 3.5.0.0; Softcare) was used to quantify blood flow within user-defined regions of interest (ROIs).

Techniques:

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Laser speckle flowgraph reveals dynamic characteristics and clinical relevance of choroidal watershed and peripapillary hypoperfusion zones

doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-47062-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: Analysis of the choroidal hypoperfusion zone (CHZ) and optic nerve head (ONH) using the LSFG analyzer. ( A ) The margin of the CHZ (inner boundary), outside the CHZ (outer boundary) are manually delineated using spline-based regions of interest (“rubber bands”). The ONH margin was identified using a spline and elliptical boundary in a laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG) analyzer. ( B ) LSFG analyzer can provide the minimum, average, and maximum mean blur rate (MBR) from the defined regions over an averaged cardiac cycle. ( C ) The beat strength (BS) is calculated based on the change of MBR over the measurement time and is proportional to the amplitude between the maximum and minimum MBR, reflecting blood flow. This figure shows four heat beats of a 90-year-old man (Red color) and a 40-year-old man (blue color). While both participants had the same average MBR value of 10.8, BS was higher in a 90-year-old male (16.6) than in a 40-year-old male (8.5). ( D ) An example of the Asymmetry type, where the CHZ is located solely on the temporal side of the ONH. ( E ) An example of the symmetry type, where the CHZ encompasses the entire ONH. ( F ) The analyzer automatically distinguishes between ONH vessels (MV) depicted as white pixels and tissue (MT) depicted as black pixels and can analyze MT in four quadrants.

Article Snippet: LSFG Analyzer software (version 3.5.0.0; Softcare) was used to quantify blood flow within user-defined regions of interest (ROIs).

Techniques: