Journal: BMC Psychiatry

Article Title: Anti-alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor encephalitis presenting as catatonia

doi: 10.1186/s12888-025-07185-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: Tissue- and cell-based assays. Tissue-based assay demonstrating intense reactivity with neuronal surface antigens: homogenous reactivity on the DG-ML and CB-ML, dot-like reactivity on the CB-GL, and some reactivity with cytoplasmic antigens in the DGCs and PCs, an immunostaining pattern highly suggestive of AMPAR reactivity ( A ). Cell-based assays reveal that CSF is negative for GluN1 antibodies ( B ) but positive for the GluA2 subunits of AMPAR ( C ). All assays were performed using CSF (diluted 1:2) with a commercial kit (Euroimmun AG) AMPAR, alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor; CB-GL, cerebellar granular layer; CB-ML, cerebellar molecular layer; DGC, dentate granule cell; DG-ML, dentate gyrus molecular layer; NMDAR, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor; PC, Purkinje cells

Article Snippet: All assays were performed using CSF (diluted 1:2) with a commercial kit (Euroimmun AG) AMPAR, alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor; CB-GL, cerebellar granular layer; CB-ML, cerebellar molecular layer; DGC, dentate granule cell; DG-ML, dentate gyrus molecular layer; NMDAR, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor; PC, Purkinje cells After admission, the patient was initially treated with corticosteroids alone due to concomitant pulmonary embolism: two cycles of intravenous high-dose methylprednisolone (1 g/day, 3 days) from day 1, followed by oral prednisolone (60 mg, daily) (Fig. ).

Techniques: Immunostaining