Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Microbiome-Dependent Protection Against Corynebacterium bovis -Associated Hyperkeratosis in Nude Mice ( Mus musculus )

doi: 10.64898/2026.04.11.716586

Figure Lengend Snippet: Daily Clinical Scores and Cumulative Disease Burden in Mice Monoinoculated with Pathogenic C. bovis 7894. A. Temporal distribution of daily disease scores (mean ± SD) for 3 outbred athymic nude mouse stocks (n = 6 mice/stock). Clinical signs were scored 0–5 based on disease severity. B. The mean area under the curve (AUC), reflecting the cumulative disease scores per stock, for the mice presented in A. Individual mice are identified by a symbol and the mean with a horizontal bar. Significant differences between stocks A and B, and B and C are shown by horizontal bars at the top of the figure. Sterile media inoculated controls are not shown. *, P ≤ 0.05; **, P ≤ 0.01.

Article Snippet: All manipulations, including cage changes, were performed in a horizontal laminar flow hood (AireGard ES NU-340, NuAire, Plymouth, MN) using sterile gloves and aseptic technique.

Techniques: Sterility

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Microbiome-Dependent Protection Against Corynebacterium bovis -Associated Hyperkeratosis in Nude Mice ( Mus musculus )

doi: 10.64898/2026.04.11.716586

Figure Lengend Snippet: Clinical Scores and Cumulative Disease Burden for Stocks A, B, and C Reassociated with 1 of 4 Vendor Microbiomes and Challenged with C. bovis 7894. A, C and E: Daily mean clinical scores (± SD) for Stock A, B, and C mice (n = 6/group) reassociated with microbiomes derived from vendors A1, A2, B, and C inoculated with C. bovis 7894 . Clinical signs were scored 0–5 based on disease severity. B, D, and F: Cumulative disease burden quantified as area under the curve (AUC) for clinical scores within each stock (n = 6/group). Individual mice are identified by a symbol and the mean with a horizontal bar. Significant differences between microbiomes by stock are shown by horizontal bars at the top of the figure. *, P ≤ 0.05; **, P ≤ 0.01; ***, P ≤ 0.001; Mb, microbiome.

Article Snippet: All manipulations, including cage changes, were performed in a horizontal laminar flow hood (AireGard ES NU-340, NuAire, Plymouth, MN) using sterile gloves and aseptic technique.

Techniques: Derivative Assay

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Microbiome-Dependent Protection Against Corynebacterium bovis -Associated Hyperkeratosis in Nude Mice ( Mus musculus )

doi: 10.64898/2026.04.11.716586

Figure Lengend Snippet: Clinical Scores and Cumulative Disease Burden in Stock A Mice Following Monoinoculation and Dual-Infection with C. amycolatum and/or C. bovis . A. Temporal distribution of daily disease scores (mean ± SD) for Stock A mice monoinoculated with C. amycolatum, C. bovis or both (n = 6 mice/group). B. The mean area under the curve (AUC), reflecting the cumulative disease scores per group for the mice presented in A. Individual mice are identified by a symbol and the mean with a horizontal bar. Significant differences between groups are shown. Day 0 post-inoculation for the dual-infection group is the day of C. bovis 7894 inoculation. There was no clinical disease associated with C. amycolatum inoculation on days –7 to –1. *, P ≤ 0.05; **, P ≤ 0.01.

Article Snippet: All manipulations, including cage changes, were performed in a horizontal laminar flow hood (AireGard ES NU-340, NuAire, Plymouth, MN) using sterile gloves and aseptic technique.

Techniques: Infection

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Microbiome-Dependent Protection Against Corynebacterium bovis -Associated Hyperkeratosis in Nude Mice ( Mus musculus )

doi: 10.64898/2026.04.11.716586

Figure Lengend Snippet: Clinical Scores and Cumulative Disease Burden in Stock A Mice Reassociated with 1 of 3 Vendor A Microbiome Variations. Stock A mice were reassociated with either the A1, A1 + C. amycolatum , or the A2 microbiome (n = 6/group) followed by inoculation with C. bovis 7894. A. Temporal distribution of daily disease scores (mean ± SD). B. The mean area under the curve (AUC), reflecting the cumulative disease scores per group for the mice presented in A. Individual mice are identified by a symbol and the mean with a horizontal bar. Significant differences between groups are shown by a horizontal bar at the top of the figure. The results for Stock A reassociated with Vendor A1 and A2 microbiomes are included from for comparison. *, P ≤ 0.05; **, P ≤ 0.01; AUC, Area Under the Curve; Mb, microbiome; Ca, C. amycolatum .

Article Snippet: All manipulations, including cage changes, were performed in a horizontal laminar flow hood (AireGard ES NU-340, NuAire, Plymouth, MN) using sterile gloves and aseptic technique.

Techniques: Comparison

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Microbiome-Dependent Protection Against Corynebacterium bovis -Associated Hyperkeratosis in Nude Mice ( Mus musculus )

doi: 10.64898/2026.04.11.716586

Figure Lengend Snippet: Histopathology Scores for Axenic Stock A, B, and C Mice Monoinoculated with C. bovis 7894. Individual criteria and the combined scores for each stock (n=6/stock; A, B, and C) at study endpoint following C. bovis 7894 monoinoculation are shown. Scores reflect the mean ± SD. Significant differences in scores between C. bovis -inoculated (Cb) and the sterile media inoculated negative control (NC) groups for each stock are reflected by a horizontal bar at the top of the figure. *, P ≤ 0.05; **, P ≤ 0.01.

Article Snippet: All manipulations, including cage changes, were performed in a horizontal laminar flow hood (AireGard ES NU-340, NuAire, Plymouth, MN) using sterile gloves and aseptic technique.

Techniques: Histopathology, Sterility, Negative Control

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Microbiome-Dependent Protection Against Corynebacterium bovis -Associated Hyperkeratosis in Nude Mice ( Mus musculus )

doi: 10.64898/2026.04.11.716586

Figure Lengend Snippet: Histopathology Scores for Each Stock Reassociated with 1 of 4 Microbiomes Followed by C. bovis 7894 Inoculation. Individual and combined histopathology scores for Stock A (A), Stock B (B), and Stock C (C) mice reassociated with each of the 4 microbiomes (Vendors A1, A2, B, and C) inoculated with C. bovis 7894 (n = 6/group). Significant differences in scores between microbiomes for each stock are reflected by a horizontal bar at the top of the figure. *, P ≤ 0.05. **, P ≤ 0.01.

Article Snippet: All manipulations, including cage changes, were performed in a horizontal laminar flow hood (AireGard ES NU-340, NuAire, Plymouth, MN) using sterile gloves and aseptic technique.

Techniques: Histopathology

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Microbiome-Dependent Protection Against Corynebacterium bovis -Associated Hyperkeratosis in Nude Mice ( Mus musculus )

doi: 10.64898/2026.04.11.716586

Figure Lengend Snippet: Histopathology Scores for Stock A Monoinoculated with C. bovis 7894, C. amycolatum or Both. Individual and combined histopathology scores for axenic Stock A mice inoculated with C. bovis 7894, C. amycolatum both or sterile media (n = 6/group). Scores reflect the mean ± SD. Significant differences in scores between groups are reflected by a horizontal bar at the top of the figure. *, P ≤ 0.05; **, P ≤ 0.01; ***, P ≤ 0.001; Dual, inoculated with both bacterial species; NC, negative sterile media inoculated control.

Article Snippet: All manipulations, including cage changes, were performed in a horizontal laminar flow hood (AireGard ES NU-340, NuAire, Plymouth, MN) using sterile gloves and aseptic technique.

Techniques: Histopathology, Sterility, Control

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Microbiome-Dependent Protection Against Corynebacterium bovis -Associated Hyperkeratosis in Nude Mice ( Mus musculus )

doi: 10.64898/2026.04.11.716586

Figure Lengend Snippet: Histopathology Scores for Stock A Mice Reassociated with 3 Distinct Microbiomes Challenged with C. bovis 7894. Microbiome reassociated groups (n=6/group) included Vendor A1, Vendor A1 supplemented with C. amycolatum , and Vendor A2. Significant differences in scores between groups are reflected by a horizontal bar at the top of the figure. *, P ≤ 0.05; **, P ≤ 0.01; Mb, microbiome; Ca, C. amycolatum .

Article Snippet: All manipulations, including cage changes, were performed in a horizontal laminar flow hood (AireGard ES NU-340, NuAire, Plymouth, MN) using sterile gloves and aseptic technique.

Techniques: Histopathology