ectv  (ATCC)


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    ATCC ectv
    A) Infection with <t>ECTV</t> induces cell-cell fusion . BS-C-1 <t>and</t> <t>HeLa</t> cells were infected with ECTV virus at MOI = 1. 24 hrs post infection cells were fixed and stained for DAPI (blue), actin (red) and ECTV (green). BS-C-1 control ( a ), BS-C-1 infected with ECTV ( b ), HeLa control ( c ), HeLa infected with ECTV ( d ). Bar = 100 μm. e ) Actin tails (green) with ECTV particles (red) at their tips (designated with arrows). Bar = 1 μm. B) Induction of syncytia by ECTV virus is time and infection titer-dependent. BS-C-1 cells were infected at different moi (0.25, 1, 5 and 10). At different time points cells were fixed and visualized by May-Grunwald and Gimsa staining. Bar = 100 μm.
    Ectv, supplied by ATCC, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 93/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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    ectv - by Bioz Stars, 2023-12
    93/100 stars

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    1) Product Images from "Induction of cell-cell fusion by ectromelia virus is not inhibited by its fusion inhibitory complex"

    Article Title: Induction of cell-cell fusion by ectromelia virus is not inhibited by its fusion inhibitory complex

    Journal: Virology Journal

    doi: 10.1186/1743-422X-6-151

    A) Infection with ECTV induces cell-cell fusion . BS-C-1 and HeLa cells were infected with ECTV virus at MOI = 1. 24 hrs post infection cells were fixed and stained for DAPI (blue), actin (red) and ECTV (green). BS-C-1 control ( a ), BS-C-1 infected with ECTV ( b ), HeLa control ( c ), HeLa infected with ECTV ( d ). Bar = 100 μm. e ) Actin tails (green) with ECTV particles (red) at their tips (designated with arrows). Bar = 1 μm. B) Induction of syncytia by ECTV virus is time and infection titer-dependent. BS-C-1 cells were infected at different moi (0.25, 1, 5 and 10). At different time points cells were fixed and visualized by May-Grunwald and Gimsa staining. Bar = 100 μm.
    Figure Legend Snippet: A) Infection with ECTV induces cell-cell fusion . BS-C-1 and HeLa cells were infected with ECTV virus at MOI = 1. 24 hrs post infection cells were fixed and stained for DAPI (blue), actin (red) and ECTV (green). BS-C-1 control ( a ), BS-C-1 infected with ECTV ( b ), HeLa control ( c ), HeLa infected with ECTV ( d ). Bar = 100 μm. e ) Actin tails (green) with ECTV particles (red) at their tips (designated with arrows). Bar = 1 μm. B) Induction of syncytia by ECTV virus is time and infection titer-dependent. BS-C-1 cells were infected at different moi (0.25, 1, 5 and 10). At different time points cells were fixed and visualized by May-Grunwald and Gimsa staining. Bar = 100 μm.

    Techniques Used: Infection, Staining

    Syncytia formation by ECTV requires sufficient amount of virus . A) HeLa cells were infected with either UV-inactivated virus (a) or live virus in the presence of 100 μg/ml cycloheximide (b) at MOI = 100. The cells were fixed after 2 hours and stained with May-Grunwald and Gimsa staining. B) BS-C-1 cells were infected with live or U.V-irradiated virus at moi = 1. After 8 or 24 hours the cells were fixed and stained for ECTV (green) and actin (red).
    Figure Legend Snippet: Syncytia formation by ECTV requires sufficient amount of virus . A) HeLa cells were infected with either UV-inactivated virus (a) or live virus in the presence of 100 μg/ml cycloheximide (b) at MOI = 100. The cells were fixed after 2 hours and stained with May-Grunwald and Gimsa staining. B) BS-C-1 cells were infected with live or U.V-irradiated virus at moi = 1. After 8 or 24 hours the cells were fixed and stained for ECTV (green) and actin (red).

    Techniques Used: Infection, Staining, Irradiation

    Effect of different inhibitors on cell-cell fusion . HeLa cells were infected with ECTV at moi = 1 and incubated for 16 hours with different inhibitors. A) Cells incubated with 0.5 μg/ml BFA. B) Cells incubated with 5 μM nocodazole. Bottom images of each panel represent cells 4 hours after withdrawal of the inhibitor. C, D, E and F : Cells incubated with 0.5 μM cytochalasine-D, 10 μM PP1, 10 μM STI-571 and antiserum to ECTV, respectively. Inset in F demonstrates ECTV comet inhibition assay with anti-ECTV serum.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Effect of different inhibitors on cell-cell fusion . HeLa cells were infected with ECTV at moi = 1 and incubated for 16 hours with different inhibitors. A) Cells incubated with 0.5 μg/ml BFA. B) Cells incubated with 5 μM nocodazole. Bottom images of each panel represent cells 4 hours after withdrawal of the inhibitor. C, D, E and F : Cells incubated with 0.5 μM cytochalasine-D, 10 μM PP1, 10 μM STI-571 and antiserum to ECTV, respectively. Inset in F demonstrates ECTV comet inhibition assay with anti-ECTV serum.

    Techniques Used: Infection, Incubation, Inhibition

    Effect of different inhibitors on intra- and extracellular progeny of ECTV . HeLa cells were infected with ECTV at MOI = 5 and incubated with different inhibitors (0.5 μg/ml BFA, 5 μM nocodazole, 5 μM colchicine or 100 ng/ml cycloheximide) for 24 hours. Titers of intracellular ( A ) and extracellular ( B ) virus were determined by plaque assay. Error bar = SD.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Effect of different inhibitors on intra- and extracellular progeny of ECTV . HeLa cells were infected with ECTV at MOI = 5 and incubated with different inhibitors (0.5 μg/ml BFA, 5 μM nocodazole, 5 μM colchicine or 100 ng/ml cycloheximide) for 24 hours. Titers of intracellular ( A ) and extracellular ( B ) virus were determined by plaque assay. Error bar = SD.

    Techniques Used: Infection, Incubation, Plaque Assay

    Expression and complex formation of A56 and K2 by ECTV . A) Expression of A56 and K2 by VACV-WR and ECTV. α-VACV-WR antibody was used as control to viral-proteins expression. B) Amino-acids sequence alignment of A56 of VACV-WR, ECTV, CPXV and RPXV. C ) Co-immunoprecipitation of K2 and A56. Cells were infected with ECTV, VACV-WR, CPXV, RPXV or uninfected. K2 was immunoprecipitated (IP) and its interaction with A56 was evaluated by immunoblot (left side of the panel). Expression of K2, A56 as well as A33 (control for infection) and α-tubulin (cellular marker) are presented on the right side of the panel.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Expression and complex formation of A56 and K2 by ECTV . A) Expression of A56 and K2 by VACV-WR and ECTV. α-VACV-WR antibody was used as control to viral-proteins expression. B) Amino-acids sequence alignment of A56 of VACV-WR, ECTV, CPXV and RPXV. C ) Co-immunoprecipitation of K2 and A56. Cells were infected with ECTV, VACV-WR, CPXV, RPXV or uninfected. K2 was immunoprecipitated (IP) and its interaction with A56 was evaluated by immunoblot (left side of the panel). Expression of K2, A56 as well as A33 (control for infection) and α-tubulin (cellular marker) are presented on the right side of the panel.

    Techniques Used: Expressing, Sequencing, Immunoprecipitation, Infection, Western Blot, Marker

    Localization of A56 and K2 on the plasma membrane of ECTV infected cells . HeLa Cells were infected with ECTV, CPXV or RPXV at MOI = 1. 24 hpi membrane associated A56 ( A ) or K2 ( B ) were visualized by
    Figure Legend Snippet: Localization of A56 and K2 on the plasma membrane of ECTV infected cells . HeLa Cells were infected with ECTV, CPXV or RPXV at MOI = 1. 24 hpi membrane associated A56 ( A ) or K2 ( B ) were visualized by "live" immunolabeling followed by fixation and indirect immunofluorescence staining. Actin cytoskeleton and nuclei were labeled as cellular counter-staining.

    Techniques Used: Infection, Immunolabeling, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Labeling

    ECTV induces syncytia regardless of A56 or K2 expression . A) Co-infection of HeLa cells with ECTV and VACV-WR. Cells were infected with either ECTV ( a ) VACV-WR ( b ), or co-infected with both viruses in a ratio of 1:1 or 1:10 ( c and d respectively). 24 hours post infection cells were fixed and stained. B) Co-transfection-infection of VACV-WR A56 and ECTV in HeLa cells. Cells were infected with ECTV at MOI = 1 and transfected with pBS-A56R-GFP as described in Materials and Moethods. 24 hpi cells were fixed and stained for GFP (green), ECTV (red) and nuclei (DAPI).
    Figure Legend Snippet: ECTV induces syncytia regardless of A56 or K2 expression . A) Co-infection of HeLa cells with ECTV and VACV-WR. Cells were infected with either ECTV ( a ) VACV-WR ( b ), or co-infected with both viruses in a ratio of 1:1 or 1:10 ( c and d respectively). 24 hours post infection cells were fixed and stained. B) Co-transfection-infection of VACV-WR A56 and ECTV in HeLa cells. Cells were infected with ECTV at MOI = 1 and transfected with pBS-A56R-GFP as described in Materials and Moethods. 24 hpi cells were fixed and stained for GFP (green), ECTV (red) and nuclei (DAPI).

    Techniques Used: Expressing, Infection, Staining, Cotransfection, Transfection

    ectv  (ATCC)


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    ATCC ectv
    A) Infection with <t>ECTV</t> induces cell-cell fusion . BS-C-1 <t>and</t> <t>HeLa</t> cells were infected with ECTV virus at MOI = 1. 24 hrs post infection cells were fixed and stained for DAPI (blue), actin (red) and ECTV (green). BS-C-1 control ( a ), BS-C-1 infected with ECTV ( b ), HeLa control ( c ), HeLa infected with ECTV ( d ). Bar = 100 μm. e ) Actin tails (green) with ECTV particles (red) at their tips (designated with arrows). Bar = 1 μm. B) Induction of syncytia by ECTV virus is time and infection titer-dependent. BS-C-1 cells were infected at different moi (0.25, 1, 5 and 10). At different time points cells were fixed and visualized by May-Grunwald and Gimsa staining. Bar = 100 μm.
    Ectv, supplied by ATCC, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 93/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/result/ectv/product/ATCC
    Average 93 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    Price from $9.99 to $1999.99
    ectv - by Bioz Stars, 2023-12
    93/100 stars

    Images

    1) Product Images from "Induction of cell-cell fusion by ectromelia virus is not inhibited by its fusion inhibitory complex"

    Article Title: Induction of cell-cell fusion by ectromelia virus is not inhibited by its fusion inhibitory complex

    Journal: Virology Journal

    doi: 10.1186/1743-422X-6-151

    A) Infection with ECTV induces cell-cell fusion . BS-C-1 and HeLa cells were infected with ECTV virus at MOI = 1. 24 hrs post infection cells were fixed and stained for DAPI (blue), actin (red) and ECTV (green). BS-C-1 control ( a ), BS-C-1 infected with ECTV ( b ), HeLa control ( c ), HeLa infected with ECTV ( d ). Bar = 100 μm. e ) Actin tails (green) with ECTV particles (red) at their tips (designated with arrows). Bar = 1 μm. B) Induction of syncytia by ECTV virus is time and infection titer-dependent. BS-C-1 cells were infected at different moi (0.25, 1, 5 and 10). At different time points cells were fixed and visualized by May-Grunwald and Gimsa staining. Bar = 100 μm.
    Figure Legend Snippet: A) Infection with ECTV induces cell-cell fusion . BS-C-1 and HeLa cells were infected with ECTV virus at MOI = 1. 24 hrs post infection cells were fixed and stained for DAPI (blue), actin (red) and ECTV (green). BS-C-1 control ( a ), BS-C-1 infected with ECTV ( b ), HeLa control ( c ), HeLa infected with ECTV ( d ). Bar = 100 μm. e ) Actin tails (green) with ECTV particles (red) at their tips (designated with arrows). Bar = 1 μm. B) Induction of syncytia by ECTV virus is time and infection titer-dependent. BS-C-1 cells were infected at different moi (0.25, 1, 5 and 10). At different time points cells were fixed and visualized by May-Grunwald and Gimsa staining. Bar = 100 μm.

    Techniques Used: Infection, Staining

    Syncytia formation by ECTV requires sufficient amount of virus . A) HeLa cells were infected with either UV-inactivated virus (a) or live virus in the presence of 100 μg/ml cycloheximide (b) at MOI = 100. The cells were fixed after 2 hours and stained with May-Grunwald and Gimsa staining. B) BS-C-1 cells were infected with live or U.V-irradiated virus at moi = 1. After 8 or 24 hours the cells were fixed and stained for ECTV (green) and actin (red).
    Figure Legend Snippet: Syncytia formation by ECTV requires sufficient amount of virus . A) HeLa cells were infected with either UV-inactivated virus (a) or live virus in the presence of 100 μg/ml cycloheximide (b) at MOI = 100. The cells were fixed after 2 hours and stained with May-Grunwald and Gimsa staining. B) BS-C-1 cells were infected with live or U.V-irradiated virus at moi = 1. After 8 or 24 hours the cells were fixed and stained for ECTV (green) and actin (red).

    Techniques Used: Infection, Staining, Irradiation

    Effect of different inhibitors on cell-cell fusion . HeLa cells were infected with ECTV at moi = 1 and incubated for 16 hours with different inhibitors. A) Cells incubated with 0.5 μg/ml BFA. B) Cells incubated with 5 μM nocodazole. Bottom images of each panel represent cells 4 hours after withdrawal of the inhibitor. C, D, E and F : Cells incubated with 0.5 μM cytochalasine-D, 10 μM PP1, 10 μM STI-571 and antiserum to ECTV, respectively. Inset in F demonstrates ECTV comet inhibition assay with anti-ECTV serum.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Effect of different inhibitors on cell-cell fusion . HeLa cells were infected with ECTV at moi = 1 and incubated for 16 hours with different inhibitors. A) Cells incubated with 0.5 μg/ml BFA. B) Cells incubated with 5 μM nocodazole. Bottom images of each panel represent cells 4 hours after withdrawal of the inhibitor. C, D, E and F : Cells incubated with 0.5 μM cytochalasine-D, 10 μM PP1, 10 μM STI-571 and antiserum to ECTV, respectively. Inset in F demonstrates ECTV comet inhibition assay with anti-ECTV serum.

    Techniques Used: Infection, Incubation, Inhibition

    Effect of different inhibitors on intra- and extracellular progeny of ECTV . HeLa cells were infected with ECTV at MOI = 5 and incubated with different inhibitors (0.5 μg/ml BFA, 5 μM nocodazole, 5 μM colchicine or 100 ng/ml cycloheximide) for 24 hours. Titers of intracellular ( A ) and extracellular ( B ) virus were determined by plaque assay. Error bar = SD.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Effect of different inhibitors on intra- and extracellular progeny of ECTV . HeLa cells were infected with ECTV at MOI = 5 and incubated with different inhibitors (0.5 μg/ml BFA, 5 μM nocodazole, 5 μM colchicine or 100 ng/ml cycloheximide) for 24 hours. Titers of intracellular ( A ) and extracellular ( B ) virus were determined by plaque assay. Error bar = SD.

    Techniques Used: Infection, Incubation, Plaque Assay

    Expression and complex formation of A56 and K2 by ECTV . A) Expression of A56 and K2 by VACV-WR and ECTV. α-VACV-WR antibody was used as control to viral-proteins expression. B) Amino-acids sequence alignment of A56 of VACV-WR, ECTV, CPXV and RPXV. C ) Co-immunoprecipitation of K2 and A56. Cells were infected with ECTV, VACV-WR, CPXV, RPXV or uninfected. K2 was immunoprecipitated (IP) and its interaction with A56 was evaluated by immunoblot (left side of the panel). Expression of K2, A56 as well as A33 (control for infection) and α-tubulin (cellular marker) are presented on the right side of the panel.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Expression and complex formation of A56 and K2 by ECTV . A) Expression of A56 and K2 by VACV-WR and ECTV. α-VACV-WR antibody was used as control to viral-proteins expression. B) Amino-acids sequence alignment of A56 of VACV-WR, ECTV, CPXV and RPXV. C ) Co-immunoprecipitation of K2 and A56. Cells were infected with ECTV, VACV-WR, CPXV, RPXV or uninfected. K2 was immunoprecipitated (IP) and its interaction with A56 was evaluated by immunoblot (left side of the panel). Expression of K2, A56 as well as A33 (control for infection) and α-tubulin (cellular marker) are presented on the right side of the panel.

    Techniques Used: Expressing, Sequencing, Immunoprecipitation, Infection, Western Blot, Marker

    Localization of A56 and K2 on the plasma membrane of ECTV infected cells . HeLa Cells were infected with ECTV, CPXV or RPXV at MOI = 1. 24 hpi membrane associated A56 ( A ) or K2 ( B ) were visualized by
    Figure Legend Snippet: Localization of A56 and K2 on the plasma membrane of ECTV infected cells . HeLa Cells were infected with ECTV, CPXV or RPXV at MOI = 1. 24 hpi membrane associated A56 ( A ) or K2 ( B ) were visualized by "live" immunolabeling followed by fixation and indirect immunofluorescence staining. Actin cytoskeleton and nuclei were labeled as cellular counter-staining.

    Techniques Used: Infection, Immunolabeling, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Labeling

    ECTV induces syncytia regardless of A56 or K2 expression . A) Co-infection of HeLa cells with ECTV and VACV-WR. Cells were infected with either ECTV ( a ) VACV-WR ( b ), or co-infected with both viruses in a ratio of 1:1 or 1:10 ( c and d respectively). 24 hours post infection cells were fixed and stained. B) Co-transfection-infection of VACV-WR A56 and ECTV in HeLa cells. Cells were infected with ECTV at MOI = 1 and transfected with pBS-A56R-GFP as described in Materials and Moethods. 24 hpi cells were fixed and stained for GFP (green), ECTV (red) and nuclei (DAPI).
    Figure Legend Snippet: ECTV induces syncytia regardless of A56 or K2 expression . A) Co-infection of HeLa cells with ECTV and VACV-WR. Cells were infected with either ECTV ( a ) VACV-WR ( b ), or co-infected with both viruses in a ratio of 1:1 or 1:10 ( c and d respectively). 24 hours post infection cells were fixed and stained. B) Co-transfection-infection of VACV-WR A56 and ECTV in HeLa cells. Cells were infected with ECTV at MOI = 1 and transfected with pBS-A56R-GFP as described in Materials and Moethods. 24 hpi cells were fixed and stained for GFP (green), ECTV (red) and nuclei (DAPI).

    Techniques Used: Expressing, Infection, Staining, Cotransfection, Transfection

    ectv mos strain  (ATCC)


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    ATCC ectv mos strain
    Lack of Fas and FasL expression results in an increased infection burden during mousepox infection. (a) Fas and FasL expression in the lungs of C57BL/6 mice uninfected and <t>ECTV-infected</t> at the 7th d.p.i. Brown color indicates a positive reaction (Fas+ or FasL−), while blue color corresponds with hematoxylin positive nuclei. (b, c) C57BL/6 (WT), B6. MRL-Faslpr/J (Fas−), and B6Smn.C3-Faslgld/J (FasL−) mice ( n = 70 in each group) were infected with 1 × 10 3 PFU of <t>ECTV-MOS</t> and monitored for 14 days. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis using the log-rank test (b) and (c) ECTV titers in lungs. Asterisks along the lines indicate statistical differences between the mice strains. The bars represent the mean from 5 separate experiments ± SEM. ** Significant differences with P ≤ 0.001 in comparison to Fas- and FasL-deficient mice.
    Ectv Mos Strain, supplied by ATCC, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 93/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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    93/100 stars

    Images

    1) Product Images from "Fas/FasL Pathway Participates in Regulation of Antiviral and Inflammatory Response during Mousepox Infection of Lungs"

    Article Title: Fas/FasL Pathway Participates in Regulation of Antiviral and Inflammatory Response during Mousepox Infection of Lungs

    Journal: Mediators of Inflammation

    doi: 10.1155/2015/281613

    Lack of Fas and FasL expression results in an increased infection burden during mousepox infection. (a) Fas and FasL expression in the lungs of C57BL/6 mice uninfected and ECTV-infected at the 7th d.p.i. Brown color indicates a positive reaction (Fas+ or FasL−), while blue color corresponds with hematoxylin positive nuclei. (b, c) C57BL/6 (WT), B6. MRL-Faslpr/J (Fas−), and B6Smn.C3-Faslgld/J (FasL−) mice ( n = 70 in each group) were infected with 1 × 10 3 PFU of ECTV-MOS and monitored for 14 days. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis using the log-rank test (b) and (c) ECTV titers in lungs. Asterisks along the lines indicate statistical differences between the mice strains. The bars represent the mean from 5 separate experiments ± SEM. ** Significant differences with P ≤ 0.001 in comparison to Fas- and FasL-deficient mice.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Lack of Fas and FasL expression results in an increased infection burden during mousepox infection. (a) Fas and FasL expression in the lungs of C57BL/6 mice uninfected and ECTV-infected at the 7th d.p.i. Brown color indicates a positive reaction (Fas+ or FasL−), while blue color corresponds with hematoxylin positive nuclei. (b, c) C57BL/6 (WT), B6. MRL-Faslpr/J (Fas−), and B6Smn.C3-Faslgld/J (FasL−) mice ( n = 70 in each group) were infected with 1 × 10 3 PFU of ECTV-MOS and monitored for 14 days. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis using the log-rank test (b) and (c) ECTV titers in lungs. Asterisks along the lines indicate statistical differences between the mice strains. The bars represent the mean from 5 separate experiments ± SEM. ** Significant differences with P ≤ 0.001 in comparison to Fas- and FasL-deficient mice.

    Techniques Used: Expressing, Infection

    ectromelia virus  (ATCC)


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    ATCC ectromelia virus
    Ectromelia Virus, supplied by ATCC, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 93/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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    Average 93 stars, based on 1 article reviews
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    93/100 stars

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    mos strain  (ATCC)


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    ATCC mos strain
    Mos Strain, supplied by ATCC, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 93/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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    Average 93 stars, based on 1 article reviews
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    ectv  (ATCC)


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    ATCC ectv
    Ectv, supplied by ATCC, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 93/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/result/ectv/product/ATCC
    Average 93 stars, based on 1 article reviews
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    ectromelia virus  (ATCC)


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    ATCC ectromelia virus
    Ectromelia Virus, supplied by ATCC, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 93/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/result/ectromelia virus/product/ATCC
    Average 93 stars, based on 1 article reviews
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    ectv  (ATCC)


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    ATCC ectv
    Inhibitors of NF-κB encoded by <t>ectromelia</t> <t>virus</t> <t>(ECTV).</t> The figure represents ECTV-encoded proteins that have been shown to interfere with NF-κB signaling [ , , , ]. Pointed arrows indicate activation; blunted arrows indicate inhibition. EVM002, EVM005, EVM154, EVM165, Ank/F-box proteins; EVM150, Kelch repeat, and BTB domain-containing protein 1; IL-1β, interleukin-1β; IKKα, inhibitor κB kinase α subunit; IKKβ, inhibitor κB kinase β subunit; IKKγ, inhibitor κB kinase γ subunit; NIK, NF-κB-inducing kinase; TAK1, transforming growth factor β-activated kinase 1; TNFRSF, tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α.
    Ectv, supplied by ATCC, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 93/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/result/ectv/product/ATCC
    Average 93 stars, based on 1 article reviews
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    ectv - by Bioz Stars, 2023-12
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    1) Product Images from "First Insight into the Modulation of Noncanonical NF-κB Signaling Components by Poxviruses in Established Immune-Derived Cell Lines: An In Vitro Model of Ectromelia Virus Infection"

    Article Title: First Insight into the Modulation of Noncanonical NF-κB Signaling Components by Poxviruses in Established Immune-Derived Cell Lines: An In Vitro Model of Ectromelia Virus Infection

    Journal: Pathogens

    doi: 10.3390/pathogens9100814

    Inhibitors of NF-κB encoded by ectromelia virus (ECTV). The figure represents ECTV-encoded proteins that have been shown to interfere with NF-κB signaling [ , , , ]. Pointed arrows indicate activation; blunted arrows indicate inhibition. EVM002, EVM005, EVM154, EVM165, Ank/F-box proteins; EVM150, Kelch repeat, and BTB domain-containing protein 1; IL-1β, interleukin-1β; IKKα, inhibitor κB kinase α subunit; IKKβ, inhibitor κB kinase β subunit; IKKγ, inhibitor κB kinase γ subunit; NIK, NF-κB-inducing kinase; TAK1, transforming growth factor β-activated kinase 1; TNFRSF, tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Inhibitors of NF-κB encoded by ectromelia virus (ECTV). The figure represents ECTV-encoded proteins that have been shown to interfere with NF-κB signaling [ , , , ]. Pointed arrows indicate activation; blunted arrows indicate inhibition. EVM002, EVM005, EVM154, EVM165, Ank/F-box proteins; EVM150, Kelch repeat, and BTB domain-containing protein 1; IL-1β, interleukin-1β; IKKα, inhibitor κB kinase α subunit; IKKβ, inhibitor κB kinase β subunit; IKKγ, inhibitor κB kinase γ subunit; NIK, NF-κB-inducing kinase; TAK1, transforming growth factor β-activated kinase 1; TNFRSF, tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α.

    Techniques Used: Activation Assay, Inhibition

    ectromelia virus model  (ATCC)


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    ATCC ectromelia virus model
    Ectromelia Virus Model, supplied by ATCC, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 93/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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    p f u ectromelia virus  (ATCC)


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    P F U Ectromelia Virus, supplied by ATCC, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 93/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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    ectv  (ATCC)


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    ATCC ectv
    Groups of WT, TNF -/- and TM female mice (5 mice/group) were infected i.n. with 25 plaque forming units (PFU) of <t>ECTV</t> WT , ECTV ΔCrmD or ECTV Rev.SECRET . Weights (A, C and E) and clinical scores (B, D and F) were monitored during the course of infection. Mice were sacrificed at day 9 p.i. Data for weights and clinical scores are expressed as means ± SEM. Statistical analysis was done using two way-ANOVA followed by Holm-Sidak’s post-tests. Weight loss and clinical scores in mice infected with ECTV WT was compared to mice infected with the mutant viruses. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001; ### , p < 0.001; ****, p < 0.0001. Data shown are from one of 3 separate experiments with comparable outcomes. See also <t>Table</t> <t>S1.</t>
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    1) Product Images from "Poxvirus-encoded TNF receptor homolog dampens inflammation and protects the host from uncontrolled lung pathology and death during respiratory infection"

    Article Title: Poxvirus-encoded TNF receptor homolog dampens inflammation and protects the host from uncontrolled lung pathology and death during respiratory infection

    Journal: bioRxiv

    doi: 10.1101/2020.02.24.963520

    Groups of WT, TNF -/- and TM female mice (5 mice/group) were infected i.n. with 25 plaque forming units (PFU) of ECTV WT , ECTV ΔCrmD or ECTV Rev.SECRET . Weights (A, C and E) and clinical scores (B, D and F) were monitored during the course of infection. Mice were sacrificed at day 9 p.i. Data for weights and clinical scores are expressed as means ± SEM. Statistical analysis was done using two way-ANOVA followed by Holm-Sidak’s post-tests. Weight loss and clinical scores in mice infected with ECTV WT was compared to mice infected with the mutant viruses. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001; ### , p < 0.001; ****, p < 0.0001. Data shown are from one of 3 separate experiments with comparable outcomes. See also Table S1.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Groups of WT, TNF -/- and TM female mice (5 mice/group) were infected i.n. with 25 plaque forming units (PFU) of ECTV WT , ECTV ΔCrmD or ECTV Rev.SECRET . Weights (A, C and E) and clinical scores (B, D and F) were monitored during the course of infection. Mice were sacrificed at day 9 p.i. Data for weights and clinical scores are expressed as means ± SEM. Statistical analysis was done using two way-ANOVA followed by Holm-Sidak’s post-tests. Weight loss and clinical scores in mice infected with ECTV WT was compared to mice infected with the mutant viruses. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001; ### , p < 0.001; ****, p < 0.0001. Data shown are from one of 3 separate experiments with comparable outcomes. See also Table S1.

    Techniques Used: Infection, Mutagenesis

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    • ectv  (ATCC)
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    ATCC ectv
    A) Infection with <t>ECTV</t> induces cell-cell fusion . BS-C-1 <t>and</t> <t>HeLa</t> cells were infected with ECTV virus at MOI = 1. 24 hrs post infection cells were fixed and stained for DAPI (blue), actin (red) and ECTV (green). BS-C-1 control ( a ), BS-C-1 infected with ECTV ( b ), HeLa control ( c ), HeLa infected with ECTV ( d ). Bar = 100 μm. e ) Actin tails (green) with ECTV particles (red) at their tips (designated with arrows). Bar = 1 μm. B) Induction of syncytia by ECTV virus is time and infection titer-dependent. BS-C-1 cells were infected at different moi (0.25, 1, 5 and 10). At different time points cells were fixed and visualized by May-Grunwald and Gimsa staining. Bar = 100 μm.
    Ectv, supplied by ATCC, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 93/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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    ectv mos strain  (ATCC)
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    ATCC ectv mos strain
    Lack of Fas and FasL expression results in an increased infection burden during mousepox infection. (a) Fas and FasL expression in the lungs of C57BL/6 mice uninfected and <t>ECTV-infected</t> at the 7th d.p.i. Brown color indicates a positive reaction (Fas+ or FasL−), while blue color corresponds with hematoxylin positive nuclei. (b, c) C57BL/6 (WT), B6. MRL-Faslpr/J (Fas−), and B6Smn.C3-Faslgld/J (FasL−) mice ( n = 70 in each group) were infected with 1 × 10 3 PFU of <t>ECTV-MOS</t> and monitored for 14 days. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis using the log-rank test (b) and (c) ECTV titers in lungs. Asterisks along the lines indicate statistical differences between the mice strains. The bars represent the mean from 5 separate experiments ± SEM. ** Significant differences with P ≤ 0.001 in comparison to Fas- and FasL-deficient mice.
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    ectromelia virus  (ATCC)
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    ATCC ectromelia virus
    Lack of Fas and FasL expression results in an increased infection burden during mousepox infection. (a) Fas and FasL expression in the lungs of C57BL/6 mice uninfected and <t>ECTV-infected</t> at the 7th d.p.i. Brown color indicates a positive reaction (Fas+ or FasL−), while blue color corresponds with hematoxylin positive nuclei. (b, c) C57BL/6 (WT), B6. MRL-Faslpr/J (Fas−), and B6Smn.C3-Faslgld/J (FasL−) mice ( n = 70 in each group) were infected with 1 × 10 3 PFU of <t>ECTV-MOS</t> and monitored for 14 days. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis using the log-rank test (b) and (c) ECTV titers in lungs. Asterisks along the lines indicate statistical differences between the mice strains. The bars represent the mean from 5 separate experiments ± SEM. ** Significant differences with P ≤ 0.001 in comparison to Fas- and FasL-deficient mice.
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    mos strain  (ATCC)
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    ATCC mos strain
    Lack of Fas and FasL expression results in an increased infection burden during mousepox infection. (a) Fas and FasL expression in the lungs of C57BL/6 mice uninfected and <t>ECTV-infected</t> at the 7th d.p.i. Brown color indicates a positive reaction (Fas+ or FasL−), while blue color corresponds with hematoxylin positive nuclei. (b, c) C57BL/6 (WT), B6. MRL-Faslpr/J (Fas−), and B6Smn.C3-Faslgld/J (FasL−) mice ( n = 70 in each group) were infected with 1 × 10 3 PFU of <t>ECTV-MOS</t> and monitored for 14 days. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis using the log-rank test (b) and (c) ECTV titers in lungs. Asterisks along the lines indicate statistical differences between the mice strains. The bars represent the mean from 5 separate experiments ± SEM. ** Significant differences with P ≤ 0.001 in comparison to Fas- and FasL-deficient mice.
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    ectromelia virus model  (ATCC)
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    ATCC ectromelia virus model
    Lack of Fas and FasL expression results in an increased infection burden during mousepox infection. (a) Fas and FasL expression in the lungs of C57BL/6 mice uninfected and <t>ECTV-infected</t> at the 7th d.p.i. Brown color indicates a positive reaction (Fas+ or FasL−), while blue color corresponds with hematoxylin positive nuclei. (b, c) C57BL/6 (WT), B6. MRL-Faslpr/J (Fas−), and B6Smn.C3-Faslgld/J (FasL−) mice ( n = 70 in each group) were infected with 1 × 10 3 PFU of <t>ECTV-MOS</t> and monitored for 14 days. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis using the log-rank test (b) and (c) ECTV titers in lungs. Asterisks along the lines indicate statistical differences between the mice strains. The bars represent the mean from 5 separate experiments ± SEM. ** Significant differences with P ≤ 0.001 in comparison to Fas- and FasL-deficient mice.
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    p f u ectromelia virus  (ATCC)
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    ATCC p f u ectromelia virus
    Lack of Fas and FasL expression results in an increased infection burden during mousepox infection. (a) Fas and FasL expression in the lungs of C57BL/6 mice uninfected and <t>ECTV-infected</t> at the 7th d.p.i. Brown color indicates a positive reaction (Fas+ or FasL−), while blue color corresponds with hematoxylin positive nuclei. (b, c) C57BL/6 (WT), B6. MRL-Faslpr/J (Fas−), and B6Smn.C3-Faslgld/J (FasL−) mice ( n = 70 in each group) were infected with 1 × 10 3 PFU of <t>ECTV-MOS</t> and monitored for 14 days. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis using the log-rank test (b) and (c) ECTV titers in lungs. Asterisks along the lines indicate statistical differences between the mice strains. The bars represent the mean from 5 separate experiments ± SEM. ** Significant differences with P ≤ 0.001 in comparison to Fas- and FasL-deficient mice.
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    A) Infection with ECTV induces cell-cell fusion . BS-C-1 and HeLa cells were infected with ECTV virus at MOI = 1. 24 hrs post infection cells were fixed and stained for DAPI (blue), actin (red) and ECTV (green). BS-C-1 control ( a ), BS-C-1 infected with ECTV ( b ), HeLa control ( c ), HeLa infected with ECTV ( d ). Bar = 100 μm. e ) Actin tails (green) with ECTV particles (red) at their tips (designated with arrows). Bar = 1 μm. B) Induction of syncytia by ECTV virus is time and infection titer-dependent. BS-C-1 cells were infected at different moi (0.25, 1, 5 and 10). At different time points cells were fixed and visualized by May-Grunwald and Gimsa staining. Bar = 100 μm.

    Journal: Virology Journal

    Article Title: Induction of cell-cell fusion by ectromelia virus is not inhibited by its fusion inhibitory complex

    doi: 10.1186/1743-422X-6-151

    Figure Lengend Snippet: A) Infection with ECTV induces cell-cell fusion . BS-C-1 and HeLa cells were infected with ECTV virus at MOI = 1. 24 hrs post infection cells were fixed and stained for DAPI (blue), actin (red) and ECTV (green). BS-C-1 control ( a ), BS-C-1 infected with ECTV ( b ), HeLa control ( c ), HeLa infected with ECTV ( d ). Bar = 100 μm. e ) Actin tails (green) with ECTV particles (red) at their tips (designated with arrows). Bar = 1 μm. B) Induction of syncytia by ECTV virus is time and infection titer-dependent. BS-C-1 cells were infected at different moi (0.25, 1, 5 and 10). At different time points cells were fixed and visualized by May-Grunwald and Gimsa staining. Bar = 100 μm.

    Article Snippet: VACV-WR (ATCC VR-119), VACV-IHD-J, RPXV (strain Utrecht, ATCC VR-157), CPXV (strain Brighton, ATCC VR-302) and ECTV (strain Moscow, ATCC VR-1374), were grown in HeLa cells and purified as described previously [ ].

    Techniques: Infection, Staining

    Syncytia formation by ECTV requires sufficient amount of virus . A) HeLa cells were infected with either UV-inactivated virus (a) or live virus in the presence of 100 μg/ml cycloheximide (b) at MOI = 100. The cells were fixed after 2 hours and stained with May-Grunwald and Gimsa staining. B) BS-C-1 cells were infected with live or U.V-irradiated virus at moi = 1. After 8 or 24 hours the cells were fixed and stained for ECTV (green) and actin (red).

    Journal: Virology Journal

    Article Title: Induction of cell-cell fusion by ectromelia virus is not inhibited by its fusion inhibitory complex

    doi: 10.1186/1743-422X-6-151

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Syncytia formation by ECTV requires sufficient amount of virus . A) HeLa cells were infected with either UV-inactivated virus (a) or live virus in the presence of 100 μg/ml cycloheximide (b) at MOI = 100. The cells were fixed after 2 hours and stained with May-Grunwald and Gimsa staining. B) BS-C-1 cells were infected with live or U.V-irradiated virus at moi = 1. After 8 or 24 hours the cells were fixed and stained for ECTV (green) and actin (red).

    Article Snippet: VACV-WR (ATCC VR-119), VACV-IHD-J, RPXV (strain Utrecht, ATCC VR-157), CPXV (strain Brighton, ATCC VR-302) and ECTV (strain Moscow, ATCC VR-1374), were grown in HeLa cells and purified as described previously [ ].

    Techniques: Infection, Staining, Irradiation

    Effect of different inhibitors on cell-cell fusion . HeLa cells were infected with ECTV at moi = 1 and incubated for 16 hours with different inhibitors. A) Cells incubated with 0.5 μg/ml BFA. B) Cells incubated with 5 μM nocodazole. Bottom images of each panel represent cells 4 hours after withdrawal of the inhibitor. C, D, E and F : Cells incubated with 0.5 μM cytochalasine-D, 10 μM PP1, 10 μM STI-571 and antiserum to ECTV, respectively. Inset in F demonstrates ECTV comet inhibition assay with anti-ECTV serum.

    Journal: Virology Journal

    Article Title: Induction of cell-cell fusion by ectromelia virus is not inhibited by its fusion inhibitory complex

    doi: 10.1186/1743-422X-6-151

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of different inhibitors on cell-cell fusion . HeLa cells were infected with ECTV at moi = 1 and incubated for 16 hours with different inhibitors. A) Cells incubated with 0.5 μg/ml BFA. B) Cells incubated with 5 μM nocodazole. Bottom images of each panel represent cells 4 hours after withdrawal of the inhibitor. C, D, E and F : Cells incubated with 0.5 μM cytochalasine-D, 10 μM PP1, 10 μM STI-571 and antiserum to ECTV, respectively. Inset in F demonstrates ECTV comet inhibition assay with anti-ECTV serum.

    Article Snippet: VACV-WR (ATCC VR-119), VACV-IHD-J, RPXV (strain Utrecht, ATCC VR-157), CPXV (strain Brighton, ATCC VR-302) and ECTV (strain Moscow, ATCC VR-1374), were grown in HeLa cells and purified as described previously [ ].

    Techniques: Infection, Incubation, Inhibition

    Effect of different inhibitors on intra- and extracellular progeny of ECTV . HeLa cells were infected with ECTV at MOI = 5 and incubated with different inhibitors (0.5 μg/ml BFA, 5 μM nocodazole, 5 μM colchicine or 100 ng/ml cycloheximide) for 24 hours. Titers of intracellular ( A ) and extracellular ( B ) virus were determined by plaque assay. Error bar = SD.

    Journal: Virology Journal

    Article Title: Induction of cell-cell fusion by ectromelia virus is not inhibited by its fusion inhibitory complex

    doi: 10.1186/1743-422X-6-151

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of different inhibitors on intra- and extracellular progeny of ECTV . HeLa cells were infected with ECTV at MOI = 5 and incubated with different inhibitors (0.5 μg/ml BFA, 5 μM nocodazole, 5 μM colchicine or 100 ng/ml cycloheximide) for 24 hours. Titers of intracellular ( A ) and extracellular ( B ) virus were determined by plaque assay. Error bar = SD.

    Article Snippet: VACV-WR (ATCC VR-119), VACV-IHD-J, RPXV (strain Utrecht, ATCC VR-157), CPXV (strain Brighton, ATCC VR-302) and ECTV (strain Moscow, ATCC VR-1374), were grown in HeLa cells and purified as described previously [ ].

    Techniques: Infection, Incubation, Plaque Assay

    Expression and complex formation of A56 and K2 by ECTV . A) Expression of A56 and K2 by VACV-WR and ECTV. α-VACV-WR antibody was used as control to viral-proteins expression. B) Amino-acids sequence alignment of A56 of VACV-WR, ECTV, CPXV and RPXV. C ) Co-immunoprecipitation of K2 and A56. Cells were infected with ECTV, VACV-WR, CPXV, RPXV or uninfected. K2 was immunoprecipitated (IP) and its interaction with A56 was evaluated by immunoblot (left side of the panel). Expression of K2, A56 as well as A33 (control for infection) and α-tubulin (cellular marker) are presented on the right side of the panel.

    Journal: Virology Journal

    Article Title: Induction of cell-cell fusion by ectromelia virus is not inhibited by its fusion inhibitory complex

    doi: 10.1186/1743-422X-6-151

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Expression and complex formation of A56 and K2 by ECTV . A) Expression of A56 and K2 by VACV-WR and ECTV. α-VACV-WR antibody was used as control to viral-proteins expression. B) Amino-acids sequence alignment of A56 of VACV-WR, ECTV, CPXV and RPXV. C ) Co-immunoprecipitation of K2 and A56. Cells were infected with ECTV, VACV-WR, CPXV, RPXV or uninfected. K2 was immunoprecipitated (IP) and its interaction with A56 was evaluated by immunoblot (left side of the panel). Expression of K2, A56 as well as A33 (control for infection) and α-tubulin (cellular marker) are presented on the right side of the panel.

    Article Snippet: VACV-WR (ATCC VR-119), VACV-IHD-J, RPXV (strain Utrecht, ATCC VR-157), CPXV (strain Brighton, ATCC VR-302) and ECTV (strain Moscow, ATCC VR-1374), were grown in HeLa cells and purified as described previously [ ].

    Techniques: Expressing, Sequencing, Immunoprecipitation, Infection, Western Blot, Marker

    Localization of A56 and K2 on the plasma membrane of ECTV infected cells . HeLa Cells were infected with ECTV, CPXV or RPXV at MOI = 1. 24 hpi membrane associated A56 ( A ) or K2 ( B ) were visualized by

    Journal: Virology Journal

    Article Title: Induction of cell-cell fusion by ectromelia virus is not inhibited by its fusion inhibitory complex

    doi: 10.1186/1743-422X-6-151

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Localization of A56 and K2 on the plasma membrane of ECTV infected cells . HeLa Cells were infected with ECTV, CPXV or RPXV at MOI = 1. 24 hpi membrane associated A56 ( A ) or K2 ( B ) were visualized by "live" immunolabeling followed by fixation and indirect immunofluorescence staining. Actin cytoskeleton and nuclei were labeled as cellular counter-staining.

    Article Snippet: VACV-WR (ATCC VR-119), VACV-IHD-J, RPXV (strain Utrecht, ATCC VR-157), CPXV (strain Brighton, ATCC VR-302) and ECTV (strain Moscow, ATCC VR-1374), were grown in HeLa cells and purified as described previously [ ].

    Techniques: Infection, Immunolabeling, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Labeling

    ECTV induces syncytia regardless of A56 or K2 expression . A) Co-infection of HeLa cells with ECTV and VACV-WR. Cells were infected with either ECTV ( a ) VACV-WR ( b ), or co-infected with both viruses in a ratio of 1:1 or 1:10 ( c and d respectively). 24 hours post infection cells were fixed and stained. B) Co-transfection-infection of VACV-WR A56 and ECTV in HeLa cells. Cells were infected with ECTV at MOI = 1 and transfected with pBS-A56R-GFP as described in Materials and Moethods. 24 hpi cells were fixed and stained for GFP (green), ECTV (red) and nuclei (DAPI).

    Journal: Virology Journal

    Article Title: Induction of cell-cell fusion by ectromelia virus is not inhibited by its fusion inhibitory complex

    doi: 10.1186/1743-422X-6-151

    Figure Lengend Snippet: ECTV induces syncytia regardless of A56 or K2 expression . A) Co-infection of HeLa cells with ECTV and VACV-WR. Cells were infected with either ECTV ( a ) VACV-WR ( b ), or co-infected with both viruses in a ratio of 1:1 or 1:10 ( c and d respectively). 24 hours post infection cells were fixed and stained. B) Co-transfection-infection of VACV-WR A56 and ECTV in HeLa cells. Cells were infected with ECTV at MOI = 1 and transfected with pBS-A56R-GFP as described in Materials and Moethods. 24 hpi cells were fixed and stained for GFP (green), ECTV (red) and nuclei (DAPI).

    Article Snippet: VACV-WR (ATCC VR-119), VACV-IHD-J, RPXV (strain Utrecht, ATCC VR-157), CPXV (strain Brighton, ATCC VR-302) and ECTV (strain Moscow, ATCC VR-1374), were grown in HeLa cells and purified as described previously [ ].

    Techniques: Expressing, Infection, Staining, Cotransfection, Transfection

    Lack of Fas and FasL expression results in an increased infection burden during mousepox infection. (a) Fas and FasL expression in the lungs of C57BL/6 mice uninfected and ECTV-infected at the 7th d.p.i. Brown color indicates a positive reaction (Fas+ or FasL−), while blue color corresponds with hematoxylin positive nuclei. (b, c) C57BL/6 (WT), B6. MRL-Faslpr/J (Fas−), and B6Smn.C3-Faslgld/J (FasL−) mice ( n = 70 in each group) were infected with 1 × 10 3 PFU of ECTV-MOS and monitored for 14 days. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis using the log-rank test (b) and (c) ECTV titers in lungs. Asterisks along the lines indicate statistical differences between the mice strains. The bars represent the mean from 5 separate experiments ± SEM. ** Significant differences with P ≤ 0.001 in comparison to Fas- and FasL-deficient mice.

    Journal: Mediators of Inflammation

    Article Title: Fas/FasL Pathway Participates in Regulation of Antiviral and Inflammatory Response during Mousepox Infection of Lungs

    doi: 10.1155/2015/281613

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Lack of Fas and FasL expression results in an increased infection burden during mousepox infection. (a) Fas and FasL expression in the lungs of C57BL/6 mice uninfected and ECTV-infected at the 7th d.p.i. Brown color indicates a positive reaction (Fas+ or FasL−), while blue color corresponds with hematoxylin positive nuclei. (b, c) C57BL/6 (WT), B6. MRL-Faslpr/J (Fas−), and B6Smn.C3-Faslgld/J (FasL−) mice ( n = 70 in each group) were infected with 1 × 10 3 PFU of ECTV-MOS and monitored for 14 days. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis using the log-rank test (b) and (c) ECTV titers in lungs. Asterisks along the lines indicate statistical differences between the mice strains. The bars represent the mean from 5 separate experiments ± SEM. ** Significant differences with P ≤ 0.001 in comparison to Fas- and FasL-deficient mice.

    Article Snippet: ECTV-MOS strain (ATCC, VR-1374) was grown and titrated in African green monkey kidney cells (GMK-AH1) and prepared by one cycle of freeze-thawing and subsequent removal of cellular debris by centrifugation [ ].

    Techniques: Expressing, Infection