neonatal cardiomyocytes isolation system (Worthington Biochemical)
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Neonatal Cardiomyocyte Isolation System
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Kit for performing five separate tissue dissociations each containing up to twelve hearts Contains single use vials of purified collagenase and trypsin CMF HBSS Leibovitz L 15 media and Falcon cell strainers along with a detailed protocol The kit is use tested by Worthington to assure performance
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lk003300
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1 kt
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Worthington Biochemical
neonatal cardiomyocytes isolation system
Kit for performing five separate tissue dissociations each containing up to twelve hearts Contains single use vials of purified collagenase and trypsin CMF HBSS Leibovitz L 15 media and Falcon cell strainers along with a detailed protocol The kit is use tested by Worthington to assure performance
https://www.bioz.com/result/neonatal cardiomyocytes isolation system/product/Worthington Biochemical
Average 99 stars, based on 1733 article reviews
Price from $9.99 to $1999.99
Kit for performing five separate tissue dissociations each containing up to twelve hearts Contains single use vials of purified collagenase and trypsin CMF HBSS Leibovitz L 15 media and Falcon cell strainers along with a detailed protocol The kit is use tested by Worthington to assure performance
https://www.bioz.com/result/neonatal cardiomyocytes isolation system/product/Worthington Biochemical
Average 99 stars, based on 1733 article reviews
Price from $9.99 to $1999.99
neonatal cardiomyocytes isolation system - by Bioz Stars,
2020-10
99/100 stars
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Images
1) Product Images from "Single Cell Transcriptomics Reconstructs Fate Conversion from Fibroblast to Cardiomyocyte"
Article Title: Single Cell Transcriptomics Reconstructs Fate Conversion from Fibroblast to Cardiomyocyte
Journal: Nature
doi: 10.1038/nature24454
Figure Legend Snippet: Heterogeneity of our isolated CFs (Thy1+ non-immune non-myocyte cardiac cells) and stepwise suppression of non-cardiomyocyte lineages during iCM reprogramming Related to . ( a-c ) Limited transcriptome change by retrovirus transduction. To determine whether introduction of viruses could influence cellular identities of CF, molecular features of the uninfected and DsRed-transduced cells were compared and only 25 genes were differentially expressed (ANOVA p value
Techniques Used: Isolation, Transduction
Figure Legend Snippet: Heterogeneity of CF and stepwise suppression of non-cardiomyocyte lineages during iCM induction ( a-b ) HC (a) and PCA (b) of control CFs with representative gene expression and GO analysis of the five identified gene clusters. ( c ) HC calculated with control CFs (a) applied to M+G+T-transduced cells with representative gene expression. ( d-f ) 40× ICC images (d,e) with quantifications (f) of Thy1 and SM22α co-stained with αMHC-GFP during reprogramming. n=20 images, scale bar=100 μm, error bars indicate SEM.
Techniques Used: Expressing, Immunocytochemistry, Staining
2) Product Images from "SET Domains of Histone Methyltransferases Recognize ISWI-Remodeled Nucleosomal Species ▿"
Article Title: SET Domains of Histone Methyltransferases Recognize ISWI-Remodeled Nucleosomal Species ▿
Journal: Molecular and Cellular Biology
doi: 10.1128/MCB.00775-09
Figure Legend Snippet: Remodeling of dinucleosomes by ISWI complexes stimulates histone methylation by SET domain proteins. (A) The SET domain of SET7 binds histones, but not nucleosomes. GST pulldown experiments were conducted with immobilized GST-SET7 polypeptides (residues
Techniques Used: Methylation
Figure Legend Snippet: Analysis of ISW2 and SWI/SNF remodeled dinucleosomes. 32 P-end-labeled dinucleosomes were remodeled by ISW2 (A and B) or SWI/SNF (C and D) as described in the legend for Fig. . Remodeling was terminated by apyrase treatment, and nucleosomes
Techniques Used: Labeling
Figure Legend Snippet: The SET domain of trithorax binds core histones and altered nucleosomal structures but not intact nucleosomes. (A) Schematic of the domain structure of trithorax. Positions of highly conserved blocks of homology with methyltransferases, a C-terminal cysteine-rich
Techniques Used:
Figure Legend Snippet: The SET domain of ALL1 does not bind remodeled mononucleosomes. (A, top) Analysis of remodeled mononucleosomes by native PAGE. Remodeling assay mixtures (50 μl) contained 1.2 μg of nucleosomes and 2.5 ng of ISWI or 5 ng of Swi-Snf complexes
Techniques Used: Clear Native PAGE
Figure Legend Snippet: The SET domain of ALL1 binds dinucleosomes remodeled by the ISWI class of chromatin remodeling enzymes. (A) Example of dinucleosome assembly. Dinucleosomes were reconstituted onto DNA containing two 601 minimal nucleosome positioning sequences (the orientation
Techniques Used:
3) Product Images from "Kinetics of rate-dependent shortening of action potential duration in guinea-pig ventricle; effects of IK1 and IKr blockade"
Article Title: Kinetics of rate-dependent shortening of action potential duration in guinea-pig ventricle; effects of IK1 and IKr blockade
Journal: British Journal of Pharmacology
doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0702443
Figure Legend Snippet: The time course of APD 90 shortening following a cycle length change from 450 ms to 300 ms in control for a Langendorff-perfused ventricular preparation, showing the two types of exponential fit. Zero on the time axis is the time at which the cycle length was changed. In the main plot, the data was fitted with a mono-exponential (solid line) and, in the inset plot, the same data was fitted with a bi-exponential. The first 50 s of shortening are clearly better fitted with a bi-exponential. Of nine experiments, all could be fit with a mono-exponential, although in five experiments, the first 30–50 s of data were better fit with a bi-exponential.
Techniques Used: Mass Spectrometry
4) Product Images from "Nucleosomes around a mismatched base pair are excluded via an Msh2-dependent reaction with the aid of SNF2 family ATPase Smarcad1"
Article Title: Nucleosomes around a mismatched base pair are excluded via an Msh2-dependent reaction with the aid of SNF2 family ATPase Smarcad1
Journal: Genes & Development
doi: 10.1101/gad.310995.117
Figure Legend Snippet: Nucleosomes are excluded from a > 1-kb region surrounding a mismatch. ( A ) The DNA substrate used in this study. The 3011-base-pair (bp) DNA carries an A:T base pair (pMM1 homo ) or an A:C mispair (pMM1 AC ) at position 1. Positions of restriction enzyme sites used in this study, the site of biotin modification, and amplicons for quantitative PCR (qPCR) (P1: 2950–61, P2: 253–383, P3: 476–602, P4: 728–860, P5: 1498–1628, P6: 2266–2397, and P7: 2413–2537) are indicated. ( B ) Supercoiling assay in NPE. Covalently closed pMM1 homo (lanes 2 – 8 ) or pMM1 AC (lanes 9 – 15 ) was incubated in NPE and sampled at the indicated times. (Lane 1 ) Supercoiled pMM1 homo purified from Escherichia coli was used as a size standard. (oc/r) Open circular or relaxed DNA; (sc) supercoiled DNA. ( C ) pMM1 homo (lanes 1 – 4 ) or pMM1 AC (lanes 5 – 8 ) was incubated in NPE for 60 min and digested by micrococcal nuclease (MNase). DNA samples stained with SYBR Gold ( top ) and Southern blotting with the PvuII–PvuII probe ( middle ) and the DraI–DraI probe ( bottom ) are shown. ( D – F ) The MNase assay described in C was repeated in the presence of a control plasmid (pControl), and undigested DNA was quantified by qPCR. The amount of DNA relative to the input ( D ) and normalized to pControl ( E ) and pMM1 homo ( F ) is presented. Mean ± one standard deviation (SD) is shown. n = 3.
Techniques Used: Modification, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Incubation, Purification, Staining, Southern Blot, Plasmid Preparation, Standard Deviation
5) Product Images from "The effects of different lookback periods on the sociodemographic structure of the study population and on the estimation of incidence rates: analyses with German claims data"
Article Title: The effects of different lookback periods on the sociodemographic structure of the study population and on the estimation of incidence rates: analyses with German claims data
Journal: BMC Medical Research Methodology
doi: 10.1186/s12874-020-01108-6
Figure Legend Snippet: Crude incidence rates of myocardial infarction (upper panel a ) and stroke (lower panel b ) in 2017 per 10,000 person-years, stratified by sex, for the subpopulations of 25 years of age and above, according to the application of one (CON1), three (CON3) of five (CON5) years of lookback periods
Techniques Used:
Figure Legend Snippet: Incidence rates of myocardial infarction in 2017 per 10,000 person-years, stratified by sex and income group, for the subpopulations of 25 years of age and above, according to the application of one (CON1), three (CON3) of five (CON5) years of lookback periods. The upper panel shows incidence rates for men, the lower panel for women. The incidence rates are age-standardized at the BASE-subpopulation
Techniques Used:
Figure Legend Snippet: Incidence rates of stroke in 2017 per 10,000 person-years, stratified by sex and income group, for the subpopulations of 25 years of age and above, according to the application of one (CON1), three (CON3) of five (CON5) years of lookback periods. The upper panel shows incidence rates for men, the lower panel for women. The incidence rates are age-standardized at the BASE-subpopulation
Techniques Used:
Figure Legend Snippet: Proportions of excluded individuals by income after application of one (CON1: a ), three (CON3: b ) and five (CON5: c ) years of lookback period, stratified by sex
Techniques Used:
Figure Legend Snippet: Proportions of excluded individuals by occupational qualification after application of one (CON1: a), three (CON3: b) and five (CON5: c) years of lookback period, stratified by sex, based on the population with at least one employment episode
Techniques Used:
6) Product Images from "NO triggers RGS4 degradation to coordinate angiogenesis and cardiomyocyte growth"
Article Title: NO triggers RGS4 degradation to coordinate angiogenesis and cardiomyocyte growth
Journal: The Journal of Clinical Investigation
doi: 10.1172/JCI65112
Figure Legend Snippet: NO mediates cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in culture.
Techniques Used:
Figure Legend Snippet: Endothelium-to-cardiomyocyte communication paradigm.
Techniques Used:
7) Product Images from "Innate lymphotoxin receptor mediated signaling promotes HSV-1 associated neuroinflammation and viral replication"
Article Title: Innate lymphotoxin receptor mediated signaling promotes HSV-1 associated neuroinflammation and viral replication
Journal: Scientific Reports
doi: 10.1038/srep10406
Figure Legend Snippet: Blockade of LT/LIGHT signaling inhibits viral replication in nervous tissue. ( a ) Rag1 –/– mice (n = 4 to 7/group) were infected with 2 × 10 6 pfu of HSV-1 and treated with either LTβR-Ig or control protein on day -1 and day 5 p.i.. At the indicated time points of figures, mice were euthanized. Footpad, DRG (L3, L4 and L5) and spinal cord were collected. Viral loads in different tissue homogenates were determined by plaque assay. ( b ) Rag1 –/– mice (n = 4 /group) were infected with 2 × 10 6 pfu of HSV-1 via footpad injection. For group with sciatic nerve (SN) resection, one segment of the SN was removed on day 2 (d2) p.i., For the group with SN resection and blockade of LT/LIGHT, 100 ug/mice of LTβR-Ig was administrated on day 2 p.i. (after sciatic nerve resection) and day 8 p.i. Data are representative of two independent experiments. Statistical analysis for a. unpaired t test, Error bar represents SEM, *p
Techniques Used: Mouse Assay, Infection, Plaque Assay, Injection
Figure Legend Snippet: Blockade of LT/LIGHT inhibits chemokine expression and inflammatory cell infiltration into the DRG of infected Rag1 –/– mice. Rag1 –/– mice (n = 3 to 5/group) were infected with HSV-1 and treated with LTβR-Ig as Fig. 1a . Uninfected mice were chosen as the control group. On day 6 p.i., DRGs (L3, L4 and L5) were collected from euthanized mice. The mRNA level of various chemokines (CCL2, CXCL10 and CXCL1/2) ( a ) and viral ICP0 gene ( b ) were measured by real-time PCR. Data are representative of two independent experiments. ( c ) On day 8 p.i., innate immune cell subsets in DRG were determined by flow cytometry assay. Gate strategy: monocytes (CD45 + CD11b + Ly6C hi Ly6G middle ), macrophage (CD45 + F4/80 + ). Data are pooled from two independent experiments, n = 5 to 6/group. Statistical analysis for a , b , c was by unpaired t test. Error bar represents SEM, *p
Techniques Used: Expressing, Infection, Mouse Assay, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Flow Cytometry, Cytometry
8) Product Images from "Development and optimization of a high-throughput 3D rat Purkinje neuron culture"
Article Title: Development and optimization of a high-throughput 3D rat Purkinje neuron culture
Journal: bioRxiv
doi: 10.1101/2020.05.20.105858
Figure Legend Snippet: Evaluation of age-dependent rat Purkinje neuron culture. ( a ) Interdependent relationship of Purkinje neuron yield and in vitro age of the 3D support cell lager (3D-SCL: DIV 7 to 48) for E18, P0 and P10 derived-Purkinje neurons. ( b ) Representative Purkinje neuron skeletons dependent on derived neuron age, 3D-SCL and protein kinase C (PKC) antagonist K252a. Scale bar, 20 µm; ( c ) Analysis of dendritic branch structure towards length and branch orders for Purkinje neurons derived from E18, P0 and P10 tissue without and with 25 µM K252a to modulate PKC activity. ( d ) Interdependent relationship of Purkinje neuron yield and concentration-dependent PKC activity modulation for E18, P0 and P10 derived-Purkinje neurons. ( e ) Representative skeleton of an E18 derived-Purkinje neurons visualizing the effect of 40 µM progesterone on dendritic branching. Scale bar, 20 µm; ( f ) Immunohistochemical representation of the major cell types (white) forming the 3D-SCL: unipolar brush cells (CAL-calretinin), granule cells (GABAARα6), Golgi cells (NG-neurogranin, GlyT2), Lugaro cells (GlyT2), stellate and basket cells (PAV-parvalbumin), fibres such as mossy and climbing (VGluT2, PP-peripherin), oligodendrocytes (CNP1) as well as microglia (IBA1). Nuclei staining DAPI (blue). Scale bar, 50 µm; ( g ) Immunohistochemical representation of mature Purkinje neurons (green; CB-calbindin, PCP2 - Purkinje cell specific protein 2) positive for post- and presynaptic biomarkers (magenta). Postsynaptic: VGCC, mGluR1, and PSD95 including 3D IMARIS cartoon reconstruction of the protein positive synapses on one chosen Purkinje neuron dendrite; Pre-synaptic: α-synuclein (α-syn) – marker of glutamatergic synaptic terminals from granule cells (parallel fibres) and unipolar brush cells (type I/II); GAD65-marker of axon terminals from stellate and basket cells; bassoon – marker of the active zone of mossy fibre terminals and parallel fibre terminals between Golgi cells and granule cells, and between basket cells and Purkinje neurons; and synapsin I – synaptic vesicle phosphoprotein of mature CNS synapses; Nuclei staining DAPI (blue). Scale bar, 20 µm; ( h ) MEA recorded spike patterns (10s) with a cut-out (1s) at day 21 in vitro following Purkinje neuron maturity. ( i ) Live-cell imaging of E18 derived-Purkinje neuron expressing lentiviral-induced GFP from day of seeding (DIV0) up to 2 months (DIV53). The Purkinje neuron development to maturity was very similar to in vivo , as the fusion phase (E17 - P5 ≈ DIV0 – DIV7 ), the phase of stellate cells with disoriented dendrites (P5 - P7 ≈ DIV7 – DIV9 ), as well as the phase of orientation and flattering of the dendritic tree (P7 - P21 ≈ DIV9 – DIV23 ) were observed. Scale bar, 50 µm
Techniques Used: In Vitro, Derivative Assay, Activity Assay, Concentration Assay, Immunohistochemistry, Staining, Marker, Microelectrode Array, Live Cell Imaging, Expressing, In Vivo
Figure Legend Snippet: Optimized 3D rat Purkinje neuron culture protocol. Each tested culture desired different conditions of support and activity interdependent of the starting tissue age. Whereas the supplementation of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) and progesterone (PROG) induced a stable environment to obtain high survival rates of Purkinje neurons, PKC activity modulation mainly shaped the dendritic tree development, with the exception of P10 tissue derived neurons where the survival was highly dependent on the inhibition of PKC but not their dendritic tree development. The optimized protocol for all tested tissues relies on the time point of placing the second cell layer, the Purkinje neuron enriched layer, and media that is supplemented with IGF1, progesterone and K252a, where K252a starting concentration is altered dependent on the used tissue to start the culture as follow; DIV1-10: E18 - 5 nM, P0 - 10 nM, P10 - 25 nM; DIV10-22: the K252a concentration is raised to 25 nM for E18 and P0 until the dendritic tree is well-developed and mature; DIV22-28: washout phase, K252a supplementation is stopped (DIV22-24: 12.5 nM, DIV24-26: 6.75 nM, DIV26-28: 3.35 nM). At DIV 28 the IGF1 and progesterone concentration is reduced by factor, 2.5 and 2, respectively, to proceed to long-term culture conditions. The developed protocol allows to grow a stable Purkinje neuron 3D culture for up to 6 months (DIV163) in a 6 to 24 well format.
Techniques Used: Activity Assay, Derivative Assay, Inhibition, Concentration Assay
9) Product Images from "Conditional Dicer1 depletion using Chrnb4-Cre leads to cone cell death and impaired photopic vision"
Article Title: Conditional Dicer1 depletion using Chrnb4-Cre leads to cone cell death and impaired photopic vision
Journal: Scientific Reports
doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-38294-9
Figure Legend Snippet: Chrnb4-GFP and Chrnb4-cre expression in developing and adult cone photoreceptor cells. (A) Immunostaining of adult (6 week old) Chrnb4-GFP retinas. Chrnb4-GFP expression co-labels with the expression of cone marker CA in the ONL. (B–D) Immunostaining of P8 Chrnb4-GFP retinas. Chrnb4-GFP expression co-labels with the expression of cone markers RxRγ (B) and CA (C) but not with the expression of rod marker RHO (D) . See Supplementary Figs 3 and 4 for the separate channels of the data shown in the merged images in A B. (E , F) Immunostaining on E17 Chrnb4-cre; R26 YFP retinas using an anti-GFP antibody to amplify the YFP signal intensity. YFP expression is detected in some RxRγ +ve cones (white arrows), while most cones remain YFP -ve ( E , yellow arrows). YFP expression is also seen in some OTX2-expressing photoreceptor progenitors ( F , white arrows). Yellow arrows indicate OTX2 +ve cells that are not YFP +ve . OTX2 +ve RPE cells do not express YFP (blue arrows). (G – I) Immunostaining on adult (6 weeks old) Chrnb4-cre; R26 YFP retinas. YFP expression was detected in CA +ve cones ( G , white arrows) and in a few inner retinal cells including some PAX6 +ve cells ( H , white arrowheads). Most Pax6 +ve cells in the inner retina remained YFP -ve ( H , yellow arrowheads). CHX10 +ve bipolar cells were mainly YFP -ve ( I , asterisks). (J) Immunostaining on E12 Chrnb4-cre; R26 YFP retinas was also performed. YFP expression was detected in a subset of CHX10 +ve RPCs (white arrows). CA: cone arrestin. RxRγ: retinoid x receptor gamma. RHO: rhodopsin. RPE: retinal pigment epithelium. ONL: outer nuclear layer. INL: inner nuclear layer. GCL: ganglion cell layer. RPC: retinal progenitor cells. Scale bars: 30 μm. Scale bars of insets: 10 μm.
Techniques Used: Expressing, Immunostaining, Marker
10) Product Images from "Long disordered regions of the C-terminal domain of Abelson tyrosine kinase have specific and additive functions in regulation and axon localization"
Article Title: Long disordered regions of the C-terminal domain of Abelson tyrosine kinase have specific and additive functions in regulation and axon localization
Journal: PLoS ONE
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189338
Figure Legend Snippet: Protease susceptibility assay reveals disorder in the Abl CTD. (A) Predicted intrinsic disorder (IUPred) and protein binding regions (ANCHOR) within Abl. (B) Predicted clostripain (endoproteinase Arg-C) digestion sites within GST-1Q, GST-3Q and full-length Abl for protease susceptibility assay. Sites are well distributed over both the globular domains and predicted disordered regions, and sites within disordered regions should be preferentially utilized. Clostripain digest of purified GST-1Q (C) and GST-3Q (D) with 6 lanes of increasing doses, and two final lanes with 10x and 100x protease as indicated. All FLAG-tagged fragments are more than ~25kD smaller than the full-length protein, and no GST-tagged fragments are smaller than the ~25kD GST domain (▻) except at the 100x protease concentration for GST-3Q. Both indicate that protease sites within the CTD fragments are preferentially utilized by clostripain, compared to the GST domain. (E) Clostripain digest of full-length transgenic Abl in total cell lysates of 3 rd instar CNS. FLAG-tagged fragments are present at the size of the full-length CTD (~108 kD) or smaller, consistent with preferential digestion within the CTD. Fragments labeled with a polyclonal antibody against the Abl N-terminus show either fragments at or above the size of full-length AblN (~69 kD, ▻) or at the size of the SH3-SH2-domain (~49 kD, ►). In the last lane, AblN (N) alone was also expressed in 3 rd instar CNS, but the lysate was not subject to digestion.
Techniques Used: Drug Susceptibility Assay, Protein Binding, Purification, Concentration Assay, Transgenic Assay, Labeling
11) Product Images from "Transcription regulation of the type II restriction-modification system AhdI"
Article Title: Transcription regulation of the type II restriction-modification system AhdI
Journal: Nucleic Acids Research
doi: 10.1093/nar/gkm1116
Figure Legend Snippet: DNase I footprinting of C.AhdI complexes on wild-type and mutant ahdICR promoters. 32 P-end labelled (bottom strand) ahdICR promoter-containing fragments (22.5 nM) were combined with increasing concentrations (0–188 nM) of C.AhdI and treated with DNase I. Two sets of inverted repeats are indicated at the left of each panel.
Techniques Used: Footprinting, Mutagenesis
Figure Legend Snippet: Footprinting of RNA polymerase complexes P ahdICR . The indicated proteins were combined with the wild-type P ahdICR DNA fragment, complexes were allowed to form and footprinted with DNase I ( A ) or probed with KMnO 4 ( B ). C.AhdI binding sites and the −10 element of the promoter are indicated.
Techniques Used: Footprinting, Binding Assay
12) Product Images from "All-in-One Bacmids: an Efficient Reverse Genetics Strategy for Influenza A Virus Vaccines"
Article Title: All-in-One Bacmids: an Efficient Reverse Genetics Strategy for Influenza A Virus Vaccines
Journal: Journal of Virology
doi: 10.1128/JVI.01468-14
![Transfection-based inoculation of all-in-one bacmids leads to lethal PR8 virus replication in DBA mice. Five-week-old DBA/2J mice ( n = 5 [A to D] or n = 15 [E to G]) were intranasally inoculated with 100 μl of inoculum containing 5 × 10 6 293T cells transfected 6 h earlier with bcmd-P8PR8 (H1N1 PR8 ) or the corresponding 8-plasmid RG DNAs. Negative control mice received 5 × 10 6 mock-transfected 293T cells or cells transfected with either bcmd-P6PR8 without HA and NA cassettes or bcmd-DH10 empty DNA. Positive control mice were intranasally inoculated with wt PR8 virus (10 4 TCID 50 /100 μl). Mice were monitored for clinical signs, including body weight changes (A and E) and survival (B and F). At the time of death (C) or at 5 dpi (G), mice were necropsied or euthanized and lungs and brain were collected and analyzed for levels of virus in tissues by a TCID 50 assay in MDCK cells. *, P](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4136356/bin/zjv9990994330003.jpg "Transfection-based inoculation of all-in-one bacmids leads to lethal PR8 ...")
Figure Legend Snippet: Transfection-based inoculation of all-in-one bacmids leads to lethal PR8 virus replication in DBA mice. Five-week-old DBA/2J mice ( n = 5 [A to D] or n = 15 [E to G]) were intranasally inoculated with 100 μl of inoculum containing 5 × 10 6 293T cells transfected 6 h earlier with bcmd-P8PR8 (H1N1 PR8 ) or the corresponding 8-plasmid RG DNAs. Negative control mice received 5 × 10 6 mock-transfected 293T cells or cells transfected with either bcmd-P6PR8 without HA and NA cassettes or bcmd-DH10 empty DNA. Positive control mice were intranasally inoculated with wt PR8 virus (10 4 TCID 50 /100 μl). Mice were monitored for clinical signs, including body weight changes (A and E) and survival (B and F). At the time of death (C) or at 5 dpi (G), mice were necropsied or euthanized and lungs and brain were collected and analyzed for levels of virus in tissues by a TCID 50 assay in MDCK cells. *, P
Techniques Used: Transfection, Mouse Assay, Plasmid Preparation, Negative Control, Positive Control
Figure Legend Snippet: Transfection-based inoculation of all-in-one bacmids leads to lethal PR8 virus replication in BALB/c mice. Five-week-old BALB/c mice ( n = 15) were intranasally inoculated with 100 μl of inoculum containing 5 × 10 6 293T cells, which had been previously transfected 6 h earlier with either 25 μg of bcmd-P8PR8 (H1N1 PR8 ) or 40 μg of the corresponding 8-plasmid RG set. Negative control mice received 5 × 10 6 mock-transfected 293T cells, or transfected bcmd-P6P without HA and NA cassettes, or bcmd-DH10. Positive control mice were intranasally inoculated with wt PR8 virus (10 4 TCID 50 /100 μl). Mice were monitored for clinical signs, including body weight changes (A) and survival (B). (C) Five mice were necropsied at 5 dpi, and lungs were collected and analyzed for virus levels by titration on MDCK cells. *, P
Techniques Used: Transfection, Mouse Assay, Plasmid Preparation, Negative Control, Positive Control, Titration
13) Product Images from "Nucleosomes around a mismatched base pair are excluded via an Msh2-dependent reaction with the aid of SNF2 family ATPase Smarcad1"
Article Title: Nucleosomes around a mismatched base pair are excluded via an Msh2-dependent reaction with the aid of SNF2 family ATPase Smarcad1
Journal: Genes & Development
doi: 10.1101/gad.310995.117
Figure Legend Snippet: Nucleosomes are excluded from a > 1-kb region surrounding a mismatch. ( A ) The DNA substrate used in this study. The 3011-base-pair (bp) DNA carries an A:T base pair (pMM1 homo ) or an A:C mispair (pMM1 AC ) at position 1. Positions of restriction enzyme sites used in this study, the site of biotin modification, and amplicons for quantitative PCR (qPCR) (P1: 2950–61, P2: 253–383, P3: 476–602, P4: 728–860, P5: 1498–1628, P6: 2266–2397, and P7: 2413–2537) are indicated. ( B ) Supercoiling assay in NPE. Covalently closed pMM1 homo (lanes 2 – 8 ) or pMM1 AC (lanes 9 – 15 ) was incubated in NPE and sampled at the indicated times. (Lane 1 ) Supercoiled pMM1 homo purified from Escherichia coli was used as a size standard. (oc/r) Open circular or relaxed DNA; (sc) supercoiled DNA. ( C ) pMM1 homo (lanes 1 – 4 ) or pMM1 AC (lanes 5 – 8 ) was incubated in NPE for 60 min and digested by micrococcal nuclease (MNase). DNA samples stained with SYBR Gold ( top ) and Southern blotting with the PvuII–PvuII probe ( middle ) and the DraI–DraI probe ( bottom ) are shown. ( D – F ) The MNase assay described in C was repeated in the presence of a control plasmid (pControl), and undigested DNA was quantified by qPCR. The amount of DNA relative to the input ( D ) and normalized to pControl ( E ) and pMM1 homo ( F ) is presented. Mean ± one standard deviation (SD) is shown. n = 3.
Techniques Used: Modification, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Incubation, Purification, Staining, Southern Blot, Plasmid Preparation, Standard Deviation
14) Product Images from "Characterization of P2Y receptor subtypes functionally expressed on neonatal rat cardiac myofibroblasts"
Article Title: Characterization of P2Y receptor subtypes functionally expressed on neonatal rat cardiac myofibroblasts
Journal: British Journal of Pharmacology
doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00172.x
Figure Legend Snippet: Phenotypic characterization of neonatal rat non-cardiomyocyte cell culture by immunocytochemistry. Immunocytochemistry by confocal microscopy was performed as described under Materials and Methods using specific α-actin, desmin and discoidin domain
Techniques Used: Cell Culture, Immunocytochemistry, Confocal Microscopy
15) Product Images from "Involvement of unconventional myosin VI in myoblast function and myotube formation"
Article Title: Involvement of unconventional myosin VI in myoblast function and myotube formation
Journal: Histochemistry and Cell Biology
doi: 10.1007/s00418-015-1322-6
Figure Legend Snippet: MVI localization to different compartments of undifferentiated myoblasts. MVI is visualized in green with anti-MVI antibody ( a – d ) or as GFP-associated fluorescence ( e – h ), and nuclei were stained with DAPI ( a – h ). a MVI is present in the regions next to cortical actin (in red , stained with Alexa Flour 536-conjugated phalloidin). b , c MVI is in the close proximity to calreticulin (in red ), an endoplasmic reticulum marker, and to GM130 (in red ), a Golgi apparatus marker, respectively. d MVI is present next to vinculin-containing (in red ) adhesive structures. Regions indicated in the merged images are shown at higher magnification in the right panel . e Overexpression of H246R MVI mutant (in green ) myoblasts with MVI knockdown; right panel , merged with DAPI staining. f Overexpression of H246R MVI mutant (in green ) in 2-day rat neonatal cardiomyocytes. In red , staining for α-actinin, the marker of Z lines. Arrows on e and f indicate vacuole-like structures. g , h , Day-0 myoblasts overexpressing the GFP-fused wild-type MVI (GFP-MVI) or H246R mutant, respectively. Golgi cisternae (in yellow ) were stained with anti-GM130 monoclonal antibody. Arrows in ( g ), Golgi cisternae in cells overexpressing GFP-MVI, and arrowhead in ( h ), Golgi cisternae in the cell overexpressing the MVI mutant. Bars 20 μm
Techniques Used: Fluorescence, Staining, Marker, Over Expression, Mutagenesis
Figure Legend Snippet: MVI colocalization with sarcoplasmic reticulum in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. a and b , Localization of MVI (in green ) and SERCA2 (in red ) in day-2 and day-8 cardiomyocytes, respectively. Arrows point to the nuclear MVI presence. The far right panels , magnification (as marked in the figure) of the regions indicated in the merged panels . Nuclei were stained with TO-PRO ® -3 (in blue ). Bars 10 μm
Techniques Used: Staining
16) Product Images from "Rapid and Unambiguous Detection of DNase I Hypersensitive Site in Rare Population of Cells"
Article Title: Rapid and Unambiguous Detection of DNase I Hypersensitive Site in Rare Population of Cells
Journal: PLoS ONE
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085740
Figure Legend Snippet: Detection of CD4 DHS site by PCR. DHS libraries or DNA in the supernatants after magnetic beads separation of naïve CD4 Tcon, nTreg cells (B–D) or primary fibroblasts (E–G) were used as templates for regular (upper panels) or real-time (lower panels) PCR analyses. Relative amplification signals in the real-time PCR were determined by comparison to the signals of DNase I-untreated total genomic DNA template amplified with primers P1 and P3 (P3 is complementary to the ligated adaptor). A. Schematic presentation of the positions of the CD4 DHS site, PCR primers and the transcription start site (TSS) of the CD4 gene. B, E. First set of PCR using P1 and P2 primer pair. The left panel shows the PCR result using the beads-bound DHS libraries as templates; the right panel shows the PCR results using DNA remaining in the supernatants after beads isolation as templates. C, F. Second set of PCR using P1 and P3 primer pair. D, G. Third set of PCR using primer pair of P4 and P3. Tcon lib, naïve CD4 Tcon DHS library; Treg lib, naïve nTreg DHS library; Tcon sup: naïve CD4 Tcon supernatant; Treg sup, naïve nTreg supernatant; cntl, control total genomic DNA from total CD4 T cells not treated with DNase I; fibro lib, primary fibroblast DHS library; fibro sup: primary fibroblast supernatant.
Techniques Used: Polymerase Chain Reaction, Magnetic Beads, Amplification, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Isolation
Figure Legend Snippet: Detection of the HS II site of the IL-4 gene in Th2 and Th1 cells. A. Detection of HS II site using DHS libraries as templates. Upper panel shows the positions of the HS II site and the PCR primers at the IL-4 gene locus. The lower panel shows real-time PCR results using DHS libraries as templates and the indicated primer pairs. B. Detection of the HS II site using unpurified DNA as templates. Adaptor-ligated high-molecular-weight DNA derived from nuclei of Th2 and Th1 cells with or without DNase I digestion were used as templates in real-time PCR. Results with the indicated primer pair are shown. In all panels of the figure, relative amplification signals were determined by comparing to that of DNase I-undigested samples of the respective cell type.
Techniques Used: Polymerase Chain Reaction, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Molecular Weight, Derivative Assay, Amplification
Figure Legend Snippet: Detection of CD4 DHS site in total CD4 T cells and primary fibroblasts with different degrees of DNase I digestion. The CD4 DHS site was detected by real-time PCR with the indicated primer pairs. A. DHS libraries derived from nuclei of total CD4 T cells or primary fibroblasts digested with different amounts of DNase I were used as PCR templates. B. DNA in the supernatants after library isolation with magnetic beads were used as PCR templates. In all panels of the figure, relative amplification signals were determined by comparing to that of DNase I-undigested samples of the respective cell type. Insets show the amplification signals using DNase I-untreated total genomic DNA of the indicated cell types as templates.
Techniques Used: Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Derivative Assay, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Isolation, Magnetic Beads, Amplification
Figure Legend Snippet: DNase I treatment of nuclei. A. Nuclei isolated from 2×10 5 total CD4 T cells were treated with the indicated amounts of DNase I. After the treatment, the nuclei were embedded in low-melt agarose gel. Genomic DNA was in-gel purified then released from the gel plug and electrophoresed on a 0.7% agarose gel. B. Left panel shows the isolation of naïve CD4 Tcon cells and nTreg cells by FACS. In the right panel, the nuclei from the isolated cells were treated with 1.25 units of DNase I. In-gel purified genomic DNA was analysed as in A.
Techniques Used: Isolation, Agarose Gel Electrophoresis, Purification, FACS
17) Product Images from "Maturation and electrophysiological properties of human pluripotent stem cell‐derived oligodendrocytes"
Article Title: Maturation and electrophysiological properties of human pluripotent stem cell‐derived oligodendrocytes
Journal: Stem Cells (Dayton, Ohio)
doi: 10.1002/stem.2273
Figure Legend Snippet: Derivation and specification of oligodendrocytes from human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)‐derived oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). (A) : Summary of the protocol used to generate hPSC‐derived oligodendrocytes: (1) hPSCs were neuralized via dual‐SMAD inhibition. (2) NPCs were patterned to ventral spinal cord by exposure to retinoic acid and sonic hedgehog agonists, purmorphamine, and SAG. (3) spinal cord‐patterned NPCs were converted to OPCs by exposure to PDGFα and other mitogens. (4) OPCs could be further expanded by mechanical dissociation. (5) Oligodendrocyte differentiation was induced by mitogen withdrawal. (B) : Representative staining of cells 1 week post‐mitogen removal identifies OLIG2 + ‐progenitors, and cells expressing PDGFRα, O4, and MBP in all lines examined. Scale bar = 50 μm. (C) : Percentage of PDGFRα + ‐cells (ES/iPS1/iPS2: N = 4/4/3) and (D) O4 + ‐cells (ES/iPS1/iPS2: N = 4/13/13) in week 1 cultures. (E) : Percentage O4 + ‐cells that express PDGFRα(ES/iPS1/iPS2: N = 4/4/3) and MBP (ES/iPS1/iPS2: N = 4/5/6). Equivalent cellular specification was observed across all lines. (F) : Example images illustrating no overlap of PDGFRα + ‐ and O4 + ‐cells (upper panels) but substantial overlap of MBP + ‐ and O4 + ‐cells (lower panels). Scale bar = 12 μm. (G) : Sholl analysis performed upon week 1 and 3 O4 + ‐oligodendrocytes. Abbreviations: DAPI, 4',6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole; ES, embryonic stem cell; FGF, fibroblast growth factor; hPSC, human pluripotent stem cell; IGF, Insulin‐like growth factor; iPS, induced pluripotent stem cell; MBP, myelin basic protein; NPC, neural precursor cell; OL, oligodendrocyte; OPC, oligodendrocyte precursor cell; PDGF, platelet‐derived growth factor; RA, retinoic acid; SAG, smoothened agonist; scNPC, spinal cord‐patterned neural precursor.
Techniques Used: Derivative Assay, Inhibition, Staining, Expressing
![AMPA receptors in human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)‐derived oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) and oligodendrocytes . (A) : AMPA‐mediated whole‐cell current responses in a PDGFRα + ‐OPC are strongly potentiated by cyclothiazide and blocked by CNQX. (B) : Depicts sample recordings in which responses to applications of GABA (100 μM), NMDA (100 μM, in the presence of glycine [50 μM]) were obtained from week 3 O4 + ‐oligodendrocytes. (C) : Mean current densities for AMPA ( n = 10/7/11, N = 2/1/2), NMDA ( n = 6/8, N = 2/2), and GABA responses ( n = 8/19, N = 3/3). (D) : Mean normalized mRNA fold expression data for AMPAR subunits GluA1‐GluA4 in OPC cultures ( N = 3) and week 3 O4 + ‐oligodendrocytes ( N = 13) as assessed by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Data were normalized to GluA1 for each maturation stage after normalizing to β‐actin and GAPDH. (E) : Sample nonstationary fluctuation analysis recordings of AMPAR‐mediated currents from a PDGFRα + ‐OPC and, (F) week 3 O4 + ‐oligodendrocyte. (G) : Plot describing the linear relationship of the variance of the AC‐coupled current to the DC‐current amplitude for the former recordings in c and d . The fitted slopes for each plot gave respective unitary single‐channel current amplitude estimates of −0.45 pA and −0.1 pA, respectively, from which the unitary conductance was calculated. (H) : Mean AMPAR conductance for PDGFRα + ‐OPCs and O4 + ‐oligodendrocytes derived from control hPSC lines. (I) : Example recording of 1‐naphthyl acetyl spermine (NASPM) block of steady‐state currents evoked by AMPA in a PDGFRα + ‐OPC and, (J) week 3 O4 + ‐oligodendrocyte. (K) : Mean percentage block of AMPA currents by NASPM. *, p](https://storage.googleapis.com/bioz_article_images/PMC4840312/STEM-34-1040-g006.jpg "... stem cell (hPSC)‐derived oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) and oligodendrocytes . (A) : AMPA‐mediated whole‐cell current responses in ...")
Figure Legend Snippet: AMPA receptors in human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)‐derived oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) and oligodendrocytes . (A) : AMPA‐mediated whole‐cell current responses in a PDGFRα + ‐OPC are strongly potentiated by cyclothiazide and blocked by CNQX. (B) : Depicts sample recordings in which responses to applications of GABA (100 μM), NMDA (100 μM, in the presence of glycine [50 μM]) were obtained from week 3 O4 + ‐oligodendrocytes. (C) : Mean current densities for AMPA ( n = 10/7/11, N = 2/1/2), NMDA ( n = 6/8, N = 2/2), and GABA responses ( n = 8/19, N = 3/3). (D) : Mean normalized mRNA fold expression data for AMPAR subunits GluA1‐GluA4 in OPC cultures ( N = 3) and week 3 O4 + ‐oligodendrocytes ( N = 13) as assessed by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Data were normalized to GluA1 for each maturation stage after normalizing to β‐actin and GAPDH. (E) : Sample nonstationary fluctuation analysis recordings of AMPAR‐mediated currents from a PDGFRα + ‐OPC and, (F) week 3 O4 + ‐oligodendrocyte. (G) : Plot describing the linear relationship of the variance of the AC‐coupled current to the DC‐current amplitude for the former recordings in c and d . The fitted slopes for each plot gave respective unitary single‐channel current amplitude estimates of −0.45 pA and −0.1 pA, respectively, from which the unitary conductance was calculated. (H) : Mean AMPAR conductance for PDGFRα + ‐OPCs and O4 + ‐oligodendrocytes derived from control hPSC lines. (I) : Example recording of 1‐naphthyl acetyl spermine (NASPM) block of steady‐state currents evoked by AMPA in a PDGFRα + ‐OPC and, (J) week 3 O4 + ‐oligodendrocyte. (K) : Mean percentage block of AMPA currents by NASPM. *, p
Techniques Used: Derivative Assay, Expressing, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Blocking Assay
Figure Legend Snippet: Voltage‐gated Na + ‐channel expression in human pluripotent stem cell‐derived oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) and oligodendrocytes. (A) : Current‐clamp recording demonstrating that PDGFRα + ‐OPCs exhibited tetrodotoxin (TTX)‐sensitive spikes in response to depolarization by current injection (each current step below trace represents 10 pA). (B) : To isolate and measure Na V ‐channel activity, the membrane potential was initially stepped in 20 mV increments from –84 mV to + 16 mV ( activation ). Scale bars = 500 pA, 5 milliseconds. The protocol was then repeated in the presence of TTX and the current data subtracted from that of the former to yield the TTX‐sensitive Na V ‐specific current. Not all TTX‐sensitive currents are shown for figure clarity. (C) : Normalized current–voltage plot of Na V ‐channel activity expressed by PDGFRα + ‐OPCs. Data were normalized to +16 mV current data. (D) : Decrease in Na V ‐channel expression from PDGFRα + ‐OPCs to O4 + ‐oligodendrocytes ( n = 5–18, N = 3; Mann Whitney U tests). ***, p
Techniques Used: Expressing, Derivative Assay, Injection, Activity Assay, Activation Assay, MANN-WHITNEY
Figure Legend Snippet: Membrane current properties of human pluripotent stem cell‐derived oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) and oligodendrocytes. (A) : Whole‐cell current recordings from a PDGFRα + ‐OPC (blue) and week 3 O4 + ‐oligodendrocyte (orange) in response to a voltage‐step protocol that involved incremental application of 20 mV voltage steps from a holding potential of –84 mV. Live‐stained cells are shown inset. (B) : Mean normalized current–voltage plots for PDGFRα + ‐OPCs, week 1 (circles) and week 3 (triangles) O4 + ‐oligodendrocytes ( n = 9–17, N = 3–6) derived from the ES line. Current amplitudes were measured 175 milliseconds after voltage‐step initiation and normalized to –64 mV current data. (C) : Mean PDGFRα + ‐OPC (iPS1/iPS2: n = 10/5, N = 3/1) and week 3 O4 + ‐oligodendrocyte (iPS1/iPS2: n = 8/6, N = 4/2) rectification index data calculated for each line examined. (D) : Mean input resistance measurements for PDGFRα + ‐OPCs (ES/iPS1/iPS2: n = 20/21/8, N = 3/3/3) and O4 + ‐oligodendrocytes (ES/iPS1/iPS2: n = 26‐32/19/7, N = 3/3/3). (E) : Mean whole‐cell capacitance measurements for PDGFRα + ‐OPCs (ES/iPS1/iPS2: n = 22/21/12, N = 3/3/3) and O4 + ‐oligodendrocytes (ES/iPS1/iPS2: n = 32‐41/26/7, N = 3/3/3). *, p
Techniques Used: Derivative Assay, Staining
Figure Legend Snippet: Voltage‐gated K + ‐channel expression in human pluripotent stem cell‐derived oligodendroglia. (A) : To isolate I k ‐channel activity, 10 mV incremental voltage‐pulses were initially applied to activate I k ‐channels in the presence of tetrodotoxin (TTX) ( activation ). This was then repeated in the presence of TEA and the current data subtracted from that of the former to determine the I K ‐specific current ( subtracted ). I K ‐current amplitudes were measured 200 milliseconds after activation. The examples shown are from PDGFRα + ‐oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). (B) : Normalized current–voltage plot of I K ‐channel activity measured from PDGFRα + ‐OPCs ( n = 4) and O4 + ‐oligodendrocytes ( n = 4). Data were normalized to +46 mV current data. (C) : Decrease in I K ‐channel expression from PDGFRα + ‐OPCs to O4 + ‐oligodendrocytes ( n = 8–15, N = 3‐4). Current amplitude data were measured from the 100‐mV step. (D) : I A ‐channel activity was measured in the presence of TTX and Cd 2+ (100 μM). The holding potential was pre‐stepped to –124 mV (500 milliseconds) and, there from, the holding potential depolarized in 10 mV increments before returning to –84 mV ( activation ). Since I A ‐channels inactivate rapidly upon depolarization, an inactivation protocol pre‐stepped cells to –34 mV from –84 mV to isolate non‐ I A current ( inactivation ), which was subtracted from the former to generate the I A ‐mediated current ( subtracted ). I A ‐current amplitudes were measured from the transient peak responses. The examples shown are from PDGFRα + ‐OPCs. (E) : Normalized current–voltage plot of I A ‐channel activity measured from PDGFRα + ‐OPCs ( n = 6) and O4 + ‐oligodendrocytes ( n = 4). Data were normalized to +36 mV current data. (F) : Decrease in I A ‐channel expression from PDGFRα + ‐OPCs to O4 + ‐oligodendrocytes ( n = 6‐12, N = 3‐4). Current amplitude data were measured from the depolarization step to +16 mV. *, p
Techniques Used: Expressing, Derivative Assay, Activity Assay, Activation Assay
Figure Legend Snippet: Oligodendrocytes derived from mutant C9ORF72 patients. (A) : Representative staining of iPS C9 1 and iPS C9 2 cells 1 week post‐mitogen removal identifies OLIG2 + ‐progenitors, and cells expressing PDGFRα, O4, and MBP. Scale bar = 50 μm. (B) : MACS‐sorted week 3 C9ORF72 mutant (iPS C9 1 and iPS C9 2) oligodendrocytes display comparable C9ORF72 ‐v2 and C9ORF72 ‐total (v1, v2, and v3 isoforms) expression compared with controls (iPS1 and iPS2) as showed by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) ( N = 5 for each line, unpaired t tests). (C) : Fluorescence in situ hybridization showing the presence of nuclear GGGGCC RNA‐containing foci in both iPS C9 1 ( N = 3) and iPS C9 2 ( N = 3) O4 + ‐oligodendrocytes. Scale bar = 10 μm. (D) : Percentage O4 + ‐oligodendrocytes derived from the iPS C9 1 and iPS C9 2 lines that express nuclear GGGGCC RNA‐containing foci at week 1 (iPS C9 1/iPS C9 2: N = 3/3) and 3 (iPS C9 1/iPS C9 2: N = 3/3). (E) : Flow cytometry quantification of O4 + and caspase3‐7 + cells showing no differences in cell death across the mutant (iPS C9 1 and iPS C9 2) and control (iPS1 and iPS2) lines in basal conditions ( N = 3 for each line, unpaired t tests). (F) : MACS‐sorted week 3 C9ORF72 mutant (iPS C9 1 and iPS C9 2) oligodendrocytes display no differences in MCT1 expression compared with controls (iPS1 and iPS2) as showed by qRT‐PCR ( N = 5 for each line, unpaired t tests). (G) : Mean percentage reduction in rectification indices of currents recorded from week 3 O4 + ‐oligodendrocytes with respect to oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) (unpaired t tests). (H) : Mean AMPAR conductance for PDGFRα + ‐OPCs (iPS C9 1/iPS C9 2: n = 12/11, N = 3/3) and O4 + ‐oligodendrocytes (iPS C9 1/iPS C9 2: n = 4/5, N = 2/1) derived from the iPS C9 lines. *, p
Techniques Used: Derivative Assay, Mutagenesis, Staining, Expressing, Magnetic Cell Separation, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Quantitative RT-PCR, Fluorescence, In Situ Hybridization, Flow Cytometry, Cytometry
Figure Legend Snippet: Inwardly rectifying K + ‐channel expression in human pluripotent stem cell‐derived oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) and oligodendrocytes. (A) : Representative images of K ir 4.1 subunit immunostaining in PDGFRα + ‐OPCs ( arrowhead ), and O4 + ‐ ( arrow ) and MBP + ‐oligodendrocytes. Scale bar = 30 μm. (B) : K ir ‐channel measurements were performed using an extracellular solution in which KCl (50 mM) replaced an equimolar amount of NaCl. To isolate of K ir ‐channel activity initially 10 mV incremental voltage‐steps were applied in the range –134 mV to + 6 mV from a holding potential of –74 mV and then repeated in the presence of Ba 2+ (1 mM). Note that only selected voltage‐step current recordings are shown in the figure for clarity. Leak‐subtraction of K ir ‐channel current data were performed using the pre‐pulse current amplitude in the presence of Ba 2+ as zero current. It was not possible to extract a current–voltage (I‐V) plot from PDGFRα + ‐cells given the very low K ir channel current amplitudes. Scale bars = 100 pA, 50 milliseconds. (C) : Normalized I‐V of K ir ‐channel activity obtained from O4 + ‐oligodendrocytes ( n = 7). Data were normalized to –114 mV current data. (D) : An increase in mean K ir ‐channel expression in week 3 O4 + ‐oligodendrocytes ( n = 8, N = 3) from that of week 1 O4 + ‐oligodendrocytes ( n = 10, N = 2) and PDGFRα + ‐OPCs ( n = 9, N = 3). Current amplitude data were measured from the depolarization step to –134 mV. Note that the increase in current density also factors the whole‐cell capacitance. (E) : The mean resting membrane potential PDGFRα + ‐OPCs ( n = 19, N = 3), week 1 O4 + ‐oligodendrocytes ( n = 29, N = 7) and week 3 O4 + ‐oligodendrocytes ( n = 20, N = 4). Error bars are obscured by the mean data point. *, p
Techniques Used: Expressing, Derivative Assay, Immunostaining, Activity Assay
18) Product Images from "Non-Human Primate iPSC Generation, Cultivation, and Cardiac Differentiation under Chemically Defined Conditions"
Article Title: Non-Human Primate iPSC Generation, Cultivation, and Cardiac Differentiation under Chemically Defined Conditions
Journal: Cells
doi: 10.3390/cells9061349
Figure Legend Snippet: Directed cardiac differentiation of human and NHP-iPSCs. ( A ) Differentiation efficiencies of rhesus, baboon, and human iPSCs reflected by flow cytometric cTNT measurements at day 12 before metabolic selection. ( B ) Immunofluorescence staining of cardiac-specific proteins show structure and morphology of rhesus and baboon iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes: sarcomeric α-actinin, cardiac troponin I (cTNI), cardiac troponin T (cTNT), connexin 43 (Cx43), myosin light chain a (MLC2a) and titin. Scale bars: 20 μm. ( C ) Rhesus and human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes respond to isoprenaline (increased beating frequencies compared to basal) and propanolol (decreased beating frequencies compared to isoprenaline treatment). Beating frequencies were analyzed by measuring the field potentials with the microelectrode array (MEA) system. Excerpts of original recordings are shown on the left. The graph shows fold change of beating frequencies when treated with isoprenaline and propranolol relative to basal recordings.
Techniques Used: Selection, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Derivative Assay, Microelectrode Array
19) Product Images from "Involvement of unconventional myosin VI in myoblast function and myotube formation"
Article Title: Involvement of unconventional myosin VI in myoblast function and myotube formation
Journal: Histochemistry and Cell Biology
doi: 10.1007/s00418-015-1322-6
Figure Legend Snippet: MVI localization to different compartments of undifferentiated myoblasts. MVI is visualized in green with anti-MVI antibody ( a – d ) or as GFP-associated fluorescence ( e – h ), and nuclei were stained with DAPI ( a – h ). a MVI is present in the regions next to cortical actin (in red , stained with Alexa Flour 536-conjugated phalloidin). b , c MVI is in the close proximity to calreticulin (in red ), an endoplasmic reticulum marker, and to GM130 (in red ), a Golgi apparatus marker, respectively. d MVI is present next to vinculin-containing (in red ) adhesive structures. Regions indicated in the merged images are shown at higher magnification in the right panel . e Overexpression of H246R MVI mutant (in green ) myoblasts with MVI knockdown; right panel , merged with DAPI staining. f Overexpression of H246R MVI mutant (in green ) in 2-day rat neonatal cardiomyocytes. In red , staining for α-actinin, the marker of Z lines. Arrows on e and f indicate vacuole-like structures. g , h , Day-0 myoblasts overexpressing the GFP-fused wild-type MVI (GFP-MVI) or H246R mutant, respectively. Golgi cisternae (in yellow ) were stained with anti-GM130 monoclonal antibody. Arrows in ( g ), Golgi cisternae in cells overexpressing GFP-MVI, and arrowhead in ( h ), Golgi cisternae in the cell overexpressing the MVI mutant. Bars 20 μm
Techniques Used: Fluorescence, Staining, Marker, Over Expression, Mutagenesis
20) Product Images from "N-Glycoproteins Have a Major Role in MGL Binding to Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines: Associations with Overall Proteome Diversity"
Article Title: N-Glycoproteins Have a Major Role in MGL Binding to Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines: Associations with Overall Proteome Diversity
Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
doi: 10.3390/ijms21155522
![Release of N -glycans reduces the MGL-binding of proteins from CRC cell lines. MGL pull-downs were performed after N -glycan release of the total protein extracts of HCT116 and HT29 cells. Bound proteins were analyzed by SDS-PAGE, trypsin digestion and LC-MS/MS. The top 20 MGL-binding proteins that we previously identified [ 16 ] are shown (in green, PNGase F − (white indicates not identified in that cell line)). After N -glycans release (PNGase F +) MGL binders maintained (green) or lost (red) the ability to bind to MGL. *: proteins with previous [ 16 ] identification of glycopeptides with a LacdiNAc epitope on an N -glycan. See Table S1 for further details.](https://storage.googleapis.com/bioz_article_images/PMC7432225/ijms-21-05522-g002.jpg "... we previously identified [ 16 ] are shown (in green, PNGase F − (white indicates not identified ...")
Figure Legend Snippet: Release of N -glycans reduces the MGL-binding of proteins from CRC cell lines. MGL pull-downs were performed after N -glycan release of the total protein extracts of HCT116 and HT29 cells. Bound proteins were analyzed by SDS-PAGE, trypsin digestion and LC-MS/MS. The top 20 MGL-binding proteins that we previously identified [ 16 ] are shown (in green, PNGase F − (white indicates not identified in that cell line)). After N -glycans release (PNGase F +) MGL binders maintained (green) or lost (red) the ability to bind to MGL. *: proteins with previous [ 16 ] identification of glycopeptides with a LacdiNAc epitope on an N -glycan. See Table S1 for further details.
Techniques Used: Binding Assay, SDS Page, Liquid Chromatography with Mass Spectroscopy
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