Journal: Frontiers in Neuroscience
Article Title: Surgery induces neurocognitive disorder via neuroinflammation and glymphatic dysfunction in middle-aged mice with brain lymphatic drainage impairment
doi: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1426718
Figure Lengend Snippet: Surgery aggravates activation of A1 astrocytes and AQP4 depolarization in hippocampus of middle-aged mice with preoperative brain lymphatic drainage impairment. (A) Representative images of GFAP and C3 immunostaining in the hippocampus on day 1 after surgery. Scale bar = 100 μm (B,C) Quantitative results of GFAP and C3 fluorescence intensity in the hippocampus on day 1 after surgery. (D) Representative images of AQP4 immunostaining in the hippocampus on day 1 after surgery. The arrowheads indicate AQP4 immunoreactive signals expressed at astrocyte endfeet along with vessels for AQP4 polarization, and the stars indicate AQP4 immunoreactive signals expressed in areas of non-astrocyte endfeet for AQP4 depolarization. Scale bar = 100 μm (E,F) Quantitative results of AQP4 positive area and polarization in the hippocampus on day 1 after surgery. (G,H) Average intensity and average polarization index boxplot of AQP4 staining centered on blood vessel in the hippocampus on day 1 after surgery. The thick lines represent means and the shaded regions represent SEM in each group. N = 4–8, data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA, and expressed as means ± SEM. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, and **** p < 0.0001.
Article Snippet: The primary antibodies for immunofluorescence staining included rabbit anti-IBA1 antibody (1: 1000, Wako, 019–19741), rabbit-anti-AQP4 antibody (1:500, Oasis Biofarm, OB-PRB058), guinea pig-anti-NeuN antibody (1:500, Oasis Biofarm, OB-PGP006), guinea pig-anti-NeuN antibody (1:500, Oasis Biofarm, OB-PGP006), guinea pig-anti-GFAP antibody (1:500, Oasis Biofarm, OB-PGP055), mouse-anti-C3 antibody (1:500, Hycult Biotech, HM1045), rat-anti-LVYE1 antibody (1:200, eBioscience, 14-0443-82).
Techniques: Activation Assay, Immunostaining, Fluorescence, Staining