Journal: Biomolecules

Article Title: Natural Polyketides Act as Promising Antifungal Agents

doi: 10.3390/biom13111572

Figure Lengend Snippet: The general characteristic of poliketides having antifungal activity.

Article Snippet: Oligomycin A presents potently broad spectrum antifungal activity against C. albicans ATCC 24433 (MIC = 2–4 μg/mL), Candida krusei 432M (MIC = 1–2 μg/mL), Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019 (MIC = 2 μg/mL), Candida utilis 84 (MIC = 1 μg/mL), Candida tropicalis 3019 (MIC = 1 μg/mL), A. niger (MIC = 0.5–2 μg/mL), Cryptococcus humicolus ATCC 9949 (MIC = 2 μg/mL), and Trichophyton mentagrophytes ATCC 9533 (MIC = 10 μg/mL) [ , , , , ].

Techniques: Activity Assay, Mutagenesis, Bacteria

Journal: Biomolecules

Article Title: Natural Polyketides Act as Promising Antifungal Agents

doi: 10.3390/biom13111572

Figure Lengend Snippet: The general characteristic of poliketides having antifungal activity.

Article Snippet: , 16 , Oligomycin A s-Trans , Streptomyces , C. albicans ATCC 24433 MIC = 2–4 μg/mL C. krusei 432M (MIC = 1–2 μg/mL) C. parapsilosis ATCC 22019 MIC = 2 μg/mL C. utilis 84 MIC = 1 μg/mL C. tropicalis 3019 MIC = 1 μg/mL A. niger MIC = 0.5–2 μg/mL C. humicolus ATCC 9949 MIC = 2 μg/mL T. mentagrophytes ATCC 9533 MIC = 10 μg/mL C. albicans ATCC 14053 MIC = 4 μg/mL A. niger ATCC 16404 MIC = 0.125 μg/mL C. albicans ATCC 14053 MIC = 4 μg/mL C. humicolus ATCC 9949 MIC = 2 μg/mL A. niger ATCC 10335 MIC = 2 μg/mL A. niger MIC = 0.125 μg/mL , [ , , , , , , , ] .

Techniques: Activity Assay, Mutagenesis, Bacteria

Journal: Biomolecules

Article Title: Natural Polyketides Act as Promising Antifungal Agents

doi: 10.3390/biom13111572

Figure Lengend Snippet: The general characteristic of poliketides having antifungal activity.

Article Snippet: Bromo-oligomycin A ( 23 ) , in which the tetrahydropyrane ring contains bromine in the C-16 position, loses antifungal activity against A. niger ATCC 16404 (MIC >16 μg/mL), C. albicans ATCC 14053 (MIC > 16 μg/mL) except for C. humicolus ATCC 9949 (MIC = 2 μg/mL) may be explained that the derivative forms a webbed structure that distorts conformation in comparison with oligomycin A, and the derivative lacks the free 13-OH group that interacts with the target site [ ].

Techniques: Activity Assay, Mutagenesis, Bacteria

Journal: Applied and Environmental Microbiology

Article Title: Daqu Fermentation Selects for Heat-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae and Bacilli

doi: 10.1128/AEM.01483-18

Figure Lengend Snippet: Identification and copy number of the spoVA 2mob operon in 10 isolates from Daqu

Article Snippet: Culture-dependent analysis of Daqu microbiota at fermentation stage (day 17) and maturation stage (day 30) table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 2 caption a7 Stage Closest type strain Strain Type strain Identity (%) to type strain spoVA 2mob copy no./genome a , b spoVA 2mob copy no./genome c Fermentation Bacillus licheniformis FUA2146 ATCC 14580 99.7 — d 0 Brevibacillus parabrevis FUA2147 IFO 12334T 98.7 — 0 Bacillus subtilis FUA2148 DSM 10 99.4 — 0 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FUA2149 DSM 7 100.0 0.71 ± 0.04 1 Bacillus subtilis FUA2150 DSM 22148 99.2 0.69 ± 0.08 1 Maturation Bacillus licheniformis FUA2151 ATCC 14580 99.7 — 0 Brevibacillus parabrevis FUA2152 IFO 12334T 100.0 — 0 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FUA2153 DSM 7 98.6 0.89 ± 0.12 1 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FUA2154 NBRC 15535 100.0 1.42 ± 0.17 2 Bacillus velezensis FUA2155 CBMB 205 99.6 1.27 ± 0.31 2 Open in a separate window a Means ± standard deviations in triplicate. b Measured copy numbers. c Adjusted copy numbers. d —, not detected.

Techniques:

Journal: Applied and Environmental Microbiology

Article Title: Daqu Fermentation Selects for Heat-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae and Bacilli

doi: 10.1128/AEM.01483-18

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cell counts of Bacillus and Brevibacillus isolates after treatment of vegetative cells at 60°C. (A) Heat treatment of vegetative cells of 5 isolates from the fermentation stage. Black circles, B. licheniformis FUA2146; black triangles, Br. parabrevis FUA2147; black inverted triangles, B. subtilis FUA2148; gray diamonds, B. amyloliquefaciens FUA2149; gray squares, B. subtilis FUA2150. (B) Heat treatment of vegetative cells of 5 isolates from the maturation stage. Black diamonds, B. licheniformis FUA2151; black squares, Br. parabrevis FUA2152; gray inverted triangles, B. amyloliquefaciens FUA2153; white circles, B. amyloliquefaciens FUA2154; white triangles, B. velezensis FUA2155. Black, gray, and white symbols represent strains with 0, 1, and 2 copies of the spoVA2mob operon per genome (Table 3). Data are means ± SDs from three independent experiments.

Article Snippet: Culture-dependent analysis of Daqu microbiota at fermentation stage (day 17) and maturation stage (day 30) table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 2 caption a7 Stage Closest type strain Strain Type strain Identity (%) to type strain spoVA 2mob copy no./genome a , b spoVA 2mob copy no./genome c Fermentation Bacillus licheniformis FUA2146 ATCC 14580 99.7 — d 0 Brevibacillus parabrevis FUA2147 IFO 12334T 98.7 — 0 Bacillus subtilis FUA2148 DSM 10 99.4 — 0 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FUA2149 DSM 7 100.0 0.71 ± 0.04 1 Bacillus subtilis FUA2150 DSM 22148 99.2 0.69 ± 0.08 1 Maturation Bacillus licheniformis FUA2151 ATCC 14580 99.7 — 0 Brevibacillus parabrevis FUA2152 IFO 12334T 100.0 — 0 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FUA2153 DSM 7 98.6 0.89 ± 0.12 1 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FUA2154 NBRC 15535 100.0 1.42 ± 0.17 2 Bacillus velezensis FUA2155 CBMB 205 99.6 1.27 ± 0.31 2 Open in a separate window a Means ± standard deviations in triplicate. b Measured copy numbers. c Adjusted copy numbers. d —, not detected.

Techniques:

Journal: Applied and Environmental Microbiology

Article Title: Daqu Fermentation Selects for Heat-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae and Bacilli

doi: 10.1128/AEM.01483-18

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cell counts of Bacillus and Brevibacillus isolates after treatment of spore preparations at 110°C. (A) Heat treatment of spores of 5 isolates from the fermentation stage. Black circles, B. licheniformis FUA2146; black triangles, Br. parabrevis FUA2147; black inverted triangles, B. subtilis FUA2148; gray diamonds, B. amyloliquefaciens FUA2149; gray squares, B. subtilis FUA2150. (B) Heat treatment of spores of 5 isolates from the maturation stage. Black diamonds, B. licheniformis FUA2151; black squares, Br. parabrevis FUA2152; gray inverted triangles, B. amyloliquefaciens FUA2153; white circles, B. amyloliquefaciens FUA2154; white triangles, B. velezensis FUA2155. Black, gray, and white symbols represent strains with 0, 1, and 2 copies of the spoVA2mob operon per genome (Table 3). Lines represent the curve fit obtained by nonlinear regression to the Weibull model. Data are means ± SDs from three independent experiments.

Article Snippet: Culture-dependent analysis of Daqu microbiota at fermentation stage (day 17) and maturation stage (day 30) table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 2 caption a7 Stage Closest type strain Strain Type strain Identity (%) to type strain spoVA 2mob copy no./genome a , b spoVA 2mob copy no./genome c Fermentation Bacillus licheniformis FUA2146 ATCC 14580 99.7 — d 0 Brevibacillus parabrevis FUA2147 IFO 12334T 98.7 — 0 Bacillus subtilis FUA2148 DSM 10 99.4 — 0 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FUA2149 DSM 7 100.0 0.71 ± 0.04 1 Bacillus subtilis FUA2150 DSM 22148 99.2 0.69 ± 0.08 1 Maturation Bacillus licheniformis FUA2151 ATCC 14580 99.7 — 0 Brevibacillus parabrevis FUA2152 IFO 12334T 100.0 — 0 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FUA2153 DSM 7 98.6 0.89 ± 0.12 1 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FUA2154 NBRC 15535 100.0 1.42 ± 0.17 2 Bacillus velezensis FUA2155 CBMB 205 99.6 1.27 ± 0.31 2 Open in a separate window a Means ± standard deviations in triplicate. b Measured copy numbers. c Adjusted copy numbers. d —, not detected.

Techniques: