Journal: Oncotarget

Article Title: Cytosolic TMEM88 promotes triple-negative breast cancer by interacting with Dvl

doi:

Figure Lengend Snippet: A. TMEM88 expression was negative or low in normal breast ductal cells(200 ×), B. moderate in carcinoma tissues in situ(200×), C. and high in invasive ductal carcinomas(IDCs; 200×). D. TMEM88 expression was markedly higher in IDCs than in normal breast ductal cells (200×). E. TMEM88 was expressed at extremely high levels in the nuclei of certain samples (200×). F. Few tissue samples exhibited membrane localization of TMEM88 (200×). G. and H. Western blot analysis indicated significantly higher expression levels of the 17-kDa isoform of TMEM88 in the breast cancer tissues than in the paired noncancerous tissues. However, there was no significant difference in the expression levels of the 25-kDa isoform in breast cancer relative to the paired normal tissues.

Article Snippet: The TMEM88-siRNA (sc-93891) and NC-siRNA (sc-37007) were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology.

Techniques: Expressing, In Situ, Western Blot

Journal: Oncotarget

Article Title: Cytosolic TMEM88 promotes triple-negative breast cancer by interacting with Dvl

doi:

Figure Lengend Snippet: Nuclear expression of TMEM88 in triple-negative and triple-positive breast cancers

Article Snippet: The TMEM88-siRNA (sc-93891) and NC-siRNA (sc-37007) were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology.

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: Oncotarget

Article Title: Cytosolic TMEM88 promotes triple-negative breast cancer by interacting with Dvl

doi:

Figure Lengend Snippet: Correlation of cytosolic TMEM88 overexpression with clinicopathologicalfeatures in breast cancer

Article Snippet: The TMEM88-siRNA (sc-93891) and NC-siRNA (sc-37007) were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology.

Techniques: Over Expression

Journal: Oncotarget

Article Title: Cytosolic TMEM88 promotes triple-negative breast cancer by interacting with Dvl

doi:

Figure Lengend Snippet: Correlation of nuclear TMEM88 overexpression with clinicopathologicalfeatures in breast cancer

Article Snippet: The TMEM88-siRNA (sc-93891) and NC-siRNA (sc-37007) were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology.

Techniques: Over Expression

Journal: Oncotarget

Article Title: Cytosolic TMEM88 promotes triple-negative breast cancer by interacting with Dvl

doi:

Figure Lengend Snippet: A. Analysis of TMEM88 expression patterns in the MCF-10A, MCF-7, HER18, MDA-MB-231, and MDA-MB-468 cell lines by immunofluorescence microscopy using a TMEM88-specific antibody. Cells primarily exhibited cytoplasmic localization of TMEM88, but not plasma membrane or nuclear localization. B. In the majority of breast cancer cell lines, TMEM88 expression was higher than that in the normal breast cell line MCF-10A, and lower than that in the MCF-7 cell line. The 17-kDa TMEM88 isoform was expressed at significantly higher levels in the triple-negative breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468) than in MCF-10A cells.

Article Snippet: The TMEM88-siRNA (sc-93891) and NC-siRNA (sc-37007) were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology.

Techniques: Expressing, Immunofluorescence, Microscopy

Journal: Oncotarget

Article Title: Cytosolic TMEM88 promotes triple-negative breast cancer by interacting with Dvl

doi:

Figure Lengend Snippet: A. Immunofluorescence staining analyses suggest that endogenous TMEM88 co-localized with Dvl in the cytoplasm of MDA-MB-231 cells. B. Co-immunoprecipitation analyses demonstrated that Dvl proteins interacted with TMEM88 in MDA-MB-231 cells, particularly with the 17-kDa isoform.

Article Snippet: The TMEM88-siRNA (sc-93891) and NC-siRNA (sc-37007) were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology.

Techniques: Immunofluorescence, Staining, Immunoprecipitation

Journal: Oncotarget

Article Title: Cytosolic TMEM88 promotes triple-negative breast cancer by interacting with Dvl

doi:

Figure Lengend Snippet: A. Western blot analyses were utilized to assess TMEM88 protein levels after overexpression or silencing of TMEM88 in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, respectively. Two isoforms of endogenous TMEM88 (25 kDa and 17 kDa) were detected in MCF-7 cells using an anti-TMEM88 antibody. While a Myc-tag-specific antibody failed to detect the two endogenous isoforms of TMEME88 in cells overexpressing myc-TMEM88 (TMEM88 CRA-a), two exogenous bands that were greater than 17 kDa in size were observed. We propose that the band closest to 25 kDa in size may have resulted from targeting by two tag-specific (Myc and DKK) antibodies, while the other bands may comprise post-translationally modified versions of the protein. In cells expressing the TMEM88-ΔC variant, each of these bands was smaller in size, likely due to sequence truncation. B. MTT assay analyses detected no difference in the proliferation rates of MCF-7 cells overexpressing TMEM88 or TMEM88-ΔC and MDA-MB-231 cells transfected with the TMEM88-specific siRNA. C. Average number of migrating cells that passed through the pores (counted after 16 h). Treatment with the TMEM88 siRNA resulted in a drastic reduction in the invasion rate of MDA-MB-231 cells. Overexpression of TMEM88, but not TMEM88-ΔC, resulted in marked increases in the cell invasion rates of MCF-7 cells. Values represent means ± standard errors (bars) of three independent experiments; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 (Student's t -test); NC, negative control.

Article Snippet: The TMEM88-siRNA (sc-93891) and NC-siRNA (sc-37007) were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology.

Techniques: Western Blot, Over Expression, Modification, Expressing, Variant Assay, Sequencing, MTT Assay, Transfection, Negative Control

Journal: Oncotarget

Article Title: Cytosolic TMEM88 promotes triple-negative breast cancer by interacting with Dvl

doi:

Figure Lengend Snippet: A. Overexpression of TMEM88 and TMEM88-ΔC in MCF-7 cells and silencing of TMEM88 in MDA-MB-231 cells using a TMEM88-specific siRNA did not affect the activity of the TOPFlash reporter gene, regardless of treatment with Wnt3a. B. and C. Neither overexpression of TMEM88 and TMEM88-ΔC in MCF-7 cells nor silencing of TMEM88 in MDA-MB-231 cells affected the mRNA and protein expression levels of the target genes of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway (MMP-7, CyclinD1, and C-myc). Values represent means ± standard errors (bars) of three independent experiments; p > 0.05 (Student's t -test); NC, negative control.

Article Snippet: The TMEM88-siRNA (sc-93891) and NC-siRNA (sc-37007) were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology.

Techniques: Over Expression, Activity Assay, Expressing, Negative Control

Journal: Oncotarget

Article Title: Cytosolic TMEM88 promotes triple-negative breast cancer by interacting with Dvl

doi:

Figure Lengend Snippet: Overexpression of TMEM88 resulted in decreased expression of Occludin and Zo-1, and increased expression of Snail in MCF-7 cells; however, there were no significant changes in the expression levels of these proteins in cells overexpressing the TMEM88-ΔC variant. Meanwhile, contrasting results were observed in MDA-MB-231 cells transfected with the TMEM88-specific siRNA. However, modulation of TMEM88 expression had no effect on the expression levels of Claudin-1, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and Vimentin in either cell line. At least three independent experimental replicates were performed and similar results were obtained for each experiment. Panels contain representative images.

Article Snippet: The TMEM88-siRNA (sc-93891) and NC-siRNA (sc-37007) were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology.

Techniques: Over Expression, Expressing, Variant Assay, Transfection