Journal: Emerging Microbes & Infections
Article Title: AMXT-1501 targets membrane phospholipids against Gram-positive and -negative multidrug-resistant bacteria
doi: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2321981
Figure Lengend Snippet: AMXT-1501 increased membrane permeability and depolarization of E. coli . (a) E. coli ECO2219 (CRE) treated with AMXT-1501 for 30 min, labelled with SYTO-9 and PI, and observed under a confocal laser scanning microscope; (b) Fluorescence intensities of PI-labelled E. coli ECO2219 (CRE) treated with AMXT-1501 for 30 min, detected at excitation and emission wavelengths of 535 and 615 nm measured by a microplate reader, respectively. (c) The inner membrane permeabilizing ability of AMXT-1501 was determined by measurement of β-galactosidase activity in E. coli ECO2219 (CRE) using the normally impermeable, chromogenic substrate o-nitrophenyl-β-d-galactoside (ONPG); (d) Fluorescence intensities of DiBAC4(3)-treated E. coli ECO2219 (CRE) treated with AMXT-1501, detected associated fluorescence intensity at 492 and 515 nm for 60 min, respectively. Representative fields are shown in panel a. Data in panels b, c and d were presented as means ± s.d, and P values were determined using an unpaired, two-tailed Student’s t-test. a.u., arbitrary units. AMXT, AMXT-1501; MIC, minimum inhibitory concentration; CRE, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae.
Article Snippet: CL (841199P; ≥ 99%), phosphatidylcholine (840051P; ≥ 99%) (L130332), phosphatidylethanolamine (840027P; ≥ 99%), PG (841188P; ≥ 99%), LPS ( E. coli ; L2630), peptidoglycan ( S. aureus; 77140), propidium iodide (P4170; ≥ 94%), and DiBAC4(3) (44977; ≥ 98%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Shanghai, China).
Techniques: Membrane, Permeability, Laser-Scanning Microscopy, Fluorescence, Activity Assay, Two Tailed Test, Concentration Assay