Journal: Nature Communications
Article Title: An injectable hydrogel enhances tissue repair after spinal cord injury by promoting extracellular matrix remodeling
doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-00583-8
Figure Lengend Snippet: Interaction between macrophages and I-5 hydrogel. a Representative images of Nile Red fluorescence in a macrophage cell line. Cultured macrophages were treated with Nile Red (NR) alone or nanoparticles consisting of NR and either CP-2 or I-5. In addition, JNJ7777120, a histamine receptor 4 inhibitor, or mepyramine maleate, a histamine receptor 1 inhibitor, was added to the culture medium 30 min before treatment with I-5 polymer nanoparticles. Scale bar represents 50 µm. b Graph showing quantification of NR fluorescence intensity. *** indicates p < 0.001 by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc analysis. N = 4 replicate experiments per group. Error bars represent the SEM. c , d Representative images of transverse spinal cord sections from animals injected with CP-2 hydrogel lacking the imidazole group. c Eriochrome cyanine and eosin staining revealed prominent cystic cavities (*) at the center of the lesion ( c ). d FN staining showed a smaller area of FN-rich matrix. Scale bars represent 200 μm. e 3D reconstruction of the spinal cord tissue from an animal injected with CP-2 hydrogel using the Neurolucida software. Scale bar represents 1 mm. f Graph showing the quantification of the cavity volumes. The data set for the I-5 group was the same as the one used in Fig. . ** indicates p < 0.01 by two-tailed Student’s t -test. N = 8 for the I-5 group and N = 5 for the CP-2 group. Error bars represent the SEM
Article Snippet: To determine if the interaction was mediated by histamine receptors, mepyramine maleate (Santa Cruz), an inhibitor of histamine receptor 1 (H1), or JNJ7777120 (Santa Cruz), an inhibitor for histamine receptor 4 (H4), were added at a concentration of 20 µM to cultured macrophage cells 30 min before adding the nanoparticles.
Techniques: Fluorescence, Cell Culture, Injection, Staining, Software, Two Tailed Test