Journal: Gut Microbes

Article Title: The potential role of adherence factors in probiotic function in the gastrointestinal tract of adults and pediatrics: a narrative review of experimental and human studies

doi: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2149214

Figure Lengend Snippet: Modifications of adhesion structures affects the probiotic function . Specific modification of surface structures on probiotics, hypothesised to be potential adhesins, affected GIT rewiring with respect to direct interaction, immune stimulation through inflammatory cytokines production and pathogens inhibition.

Article Snippet: B. bifidum ATCC 15696 , Sialidase , Mutant of Siabb2 sialidase , Mutant decreased adhesion to IECs and mucin relative to the wild-type strain. SiaBb2 engages HMOs and mucin sialic acid for metabolic purposes and may facilitate Bifidobacterial adhesion. , .

Techniques: Modification, Inhibition, Mutagenesis, Purification, Functional Assay, Knock-Out, Expressing, Activity Assay, In Vivo, In Vitro, Isolation, Recombinant, Binding Assay

Journal: Gut Microbes

Article Title: The potential role of adherence factors in probiotic function in the gastrointestinal tract of adults and pediatrics: a narrative review of experimental and human studies

doi: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2149214

Figure Lengend Snippet: Age and probiotics adhesion . The figure shows a schematic view of probiotic and GIT characteristics changing with age. (a) Conventionally probiotics are given in increasing doses with age. (b) IECs, which are among the main cells interacting with probiotics in the GIT and form the intestinal barrier function, are less established early in life but with age they are progressively shaped into a fully functioning GIT barrier. , Probiotic adhesion is strain- and age-dependent. In (c) are shown a few examples of probiotic strains, B. bifidum , LGG , , B. lactis Bb12 , in which age-dependency has been investigated within a single study. Created with BioRender.com

Article Snippet: B. bifidum ATCC 15696 , Sialidase , Mutant of Siabb2 sialidase , Mutant decreased adhesion to IECs and mucin relative to the wild-type strain. SiaBb2 engages HMOs and mucin sialic acid for metabolic purposes and may facilitate Bifidobacterial adhesion. , .

Techniques:

Journal: Gut Microbes

Article Title: The potential role of adherence factors in probiotic function in the gastrointestinal tract of adults and pediatrics: a narrative review of experimental and human studies

doi: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2149214

Figure Lengend Snippet: Key adhesion factors as potential proxy for a global probiotic function. Representation chart of some adhesion factors and potential application for global mechanisms with respective reference studies. First column: EPSs on LGG, B. animalis and B. breve . Second column: PSA on B. fragilis . Third column: Pili on B. bifidum , and LGG. , , , Fourth column: SLPs and SLAPs on L. acidophilus . , Fifth column: distinct adhesins on L. plantarum , and L. reuteri . Abbreviations: EPS, exopolysaccharides; LGG, L. rhamnosus GG; PSA, polysaccharide A; SLPs, surface layer proteins; SLAPs, surface layer associated proteins; Cbp, collagen binding protein; Mub, mucus-binding protein. Created with BioRender.com

Article Snippet: B. bifidum ATCC 15696 , Sialidase , Mutant of Siabb2 sialidase , Mutant decreased adhesion to IECs and mucin relative to the wild-type strain. SiaBb2 engages HMOs and mucin sialic acid for metabolic purposes and may facilitate Bifidobacterial adhesion. , .

Techniques: Binding Assay

Journal: Gut Microbes

Article Title: The potential role of adherence factors in probiotic function in the gastrointestinal tract of adults and pediatrics: a narrative review of experimental and human studies

doi: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2149214

Figure Lengend Snippet: Modifications of adhesion structures affects the probiotic function . Specific modification of surface structures on probiotics, hypothesised to be potential adhesins, affected GIT rewiring with respect to direct interaction, immune stimulation through inflammatory cytokines production and pathogens inhibition.

Article Snippet: Studies using B. bifidum ATCC 15696 mutant in sialidase domain (Siabb2) showed a decreased adhesion to human IECs and porcine mucin relative to the wild-type strain.

Techniques: Modification, Inhibition, Mutagenesis, Purification, Functional Assay, Knock-Out, Expressing, Activity Assay, In Vivo, In Vitro, Isolation, Recombinant, Binding Assay

Journal: Gut Microbes

Article Title: The potential role of adherence factors in probiotic function in the gastrointestinal tract of adults and pediatrics: a narrative review of experimental and human studies

doi: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2149214

Figure Lengend Snippet: Modifications of adhesion structures affects the probiotic function . Specific modification of surface structures on probiotics, hypothesised to be potential adhesins, affected GIT rewiring with respect to direct interaction, immune stimulation through inflammatory cytokines production and pathogens inhibition.

Article Snippet: Studies using B. bifidum ATCC 15696 mutant in sialidase domain (Siabb2) showed a decreased adhesion to human IECs and porcine mucin relative to the wild-type strain.

Techniques: Modification, Inhibition, Mutagenesis, Purification, Functional Assay, Knock-Out, Expressing, Activity Assay, In Vivo, In Vitro, Isolation, Recombinant, Binding Assay

Journal: Gut Microbes

Article Title: The potential role of adherence factors in probiotic function in the gastrointestinal tract of adults and pediatrics: a narrative review of experimental and human studies

doi: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2149214

Figure Lengend Snippet: Age and probiotics adhesion . The figure shows a schematic view of probiotic and GIT characteristics changing with age. (a) Conventionally probiotics are given in increasing doses with age. (b) IECs, which are among the main cells interacting with probiotics in the GIT and form the intestinal barrier function, are less established early in life but with age they are progressively shaped into a fully functioning GIT barrier. , Probiotic adhesion is strain- and age-dependent. In (c) are shown a few examples of probiotic strains, B. bifidum , LGG , , B. lactis Bb12 , in which age-dependency has been investigated within a single study. Created with BioRender.com

Article Snippet: Studies using B. bifidum ATCC 15696 mutant in sialidase domain (Siabb2) showed a decreased adhesion to human IECs and porcine mucin relative to the wild-type strain.

Techniques:

Journal: Gut Microbes

Article Title: The potential role of adherence factors in probiotic function in the gastrointestinal tract of adults and pediatrics: a narrative review of experimental and human studies

doi: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2149214

Figure Lengend Snippet: Key adhesion factors as potential proxy for a global probiotic function. Representation chart of some adhesion factors and potential application for global mechanisms with respective reference studies. First column: EPSs on LGG, B. animalis and B. breve . Second column: PSA on B. fragilis . Third column: Pili on B. bifidum , and LGG. , , , Fourth column: SLPs and SLAPs on L. acidophilus . , Fifth column: distinct adhesins on L. plantarum , and L. reuteri . Abbreviations: EPS, exopolysaccharides; LGG, L. rhamnosus GG; PSA, polysaccharide A; SLPs, surface layer proteins; SLAPs, surface layer associated proteins; Cbp, collagen binding protein; Mub, mucus-binding protein. Created with BioRender.com

Article Snippet: Studies using B. bifidum ATCC 15696 mutant in sialidase domain (Siabb2) showed a decreased adhesion to human IECs and porcine mucin relative to the wild-type strain.

Techniques: Binding Assay