Journal: Matter

Article Title: Inhalable dry powder mRNA vaccines based on extracellular vesicles

doi: 10.1016/j.matt.2022.06.012

Figure Lengend Snippet: Dry powder inhalation of S-protein-loaded lung-derived exosomes elicit greater immune responses than their synthetic counterpart (A) Schematic of S protein mRNA loading into lung-derived exosomes, dry powder formulation, inhaled vaccine delivery doses, antibody production against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, and pseudoviral challenge. Created with BioRender.com . (B) TEM images of S-Exos and S-Lipos at room temperature; scale bar: 50 nm. (C) NTA size-distribution analysis. (D) Quantification of NTA size-distribution analysis of the average mean ± standard error of five replicates; n = 1 per group. (E) Immunoblots of S protein in mouse lung lysate. (F) Quantification of immunoblots normalized to β-actin; n = 3 per group; data are represented as mean ± standard deviation. (G) Anti-spike IgG antibody titer from murine BALF detected by ELISA; n = 6 per group; data are represented as mean ± standard deviation. (H) Anti-spike SIgA antibody titer from murine NPLF detected by ELISA; n = 6 per group; data are represented as mean ± standard deviation. (I) Ex vivo images of PBS or pseudovirus in solution (left) and in lungs 24 h after dry powder inhalation (right). (J) Ex vivo images of S-Exo- or S-Lipo-vaccinated lungs 24 h after pseudoviral challenge.

Article Snippet: S-protein-specific IgG (20154; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA) and SIgA (58873; Cell Signaling Technology) from BALF and NPLF were measured by ELISA per the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Derivative Assay, Western Blot, Standard Deviation, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Ex Vivo