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Phylogenetic placement and proportions of the L. passim genome and paralogous Chromosomes 5 and 6 syntenic with genomes of selected relatives. A Phylogenomic tree depicting relationships between L. passim , L. pyrrhocoris , and other trypanosomatids in the Leishmaniianae subfamily. The tree was inferred from protein sequences of 2530 single-copy orthologs. Our assembly is labeled <t>‘BRL</t> (2024)’. The position of the ‘SF’ strain used for the first draft genome assembly is also shown . For C. bombi and C. expoeki , nodes are shown for both the original published annotations by Schmid-Hempel and colleagues (‘SH’ ) and independent annotations of the same assemblies created in a review of trypanosomatid phylogenomics by Kostygov and colleagues (‘Kos’ ). All nodes had support values of 1 based on 1,000 resamples. B Synteny of paralogous chromosomes and genome overall. Y-axis shows species analyzed; X-axis represents proportion of the L. passim genomic <t>of</t> <t>chromosome</t> region covered by synteny blocks. Shading of bars corresponds to the region quantified. “Total” indicates the entire nuclear genome

Brl, supplied by ATCC, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 94/100, based on 18 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/praw+python+application+programming+interface+(api)+for/Lotmaria+passim/pmc12667155-32-10-16
Average 94 stars, based on 18 article reviews

brl - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09

94/100 stars

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1) Product Images from "Chromosome-level genome assembly of trypanosomatid parasite Lotmaria passim links chromosome duplication and divergence with infection of honey bees"

Article Title: Chromosome-level genome assembly of trypanosomatid parasite Lotmaria passim links chromosome duplication and divergence with infection of honey bees

Journal: BMC Genomics

doi: 10.1186/s12864-025-12082-y

Figure Legend Snippet: Phylogenetic placement and proportions of the L. passim genome and paralogous Chromosomes 5 and 6 syntenic with genomes of selected relatives. A Phylogenomic tree depicting relationships between L. passim , L. pyrrhocoris , and other trypanosomatids in the Leishmaniianae subfamily. The tree was inferred from protein sequences of 2530 single-copy orthologs. Our assembly is labeled ‘BRL (2024)’. The position of the ‘SF’ strain used for the first draft genome assembly is also shown . For C. bombi and C. expoeki , nodes are shown for both the original published annotations by Schmid-Hempel and colleagues (‘SH’ ) and independent annotations of the same assemblies created in a review of trypanosomatid phylogenomics by Kostygov and colleagues (‘Kos’ ). All nodes had support values of 1 based on 1,000 resamples. B Synteny of paralogous chromosomes and genome overall. Y-axis shows species analyzed; X-axis represents proportion of the L. passim genomic of chromosome region covered by synteny blocks. Shading of bars corresponds to the region quantified. “Total” indicates the entire nuclear genome

Techniques Used: Labeling

Circular representation of Lotmaria passim BRL (2024) genome assembly. Radial segments correspond to the 31 nuclear chromosomes, numbered by size from largest to smallest. Outer ring: sequencing depth. Gray points show base-level read depth, subsampled at 100 bp intervals. Blue line trace represents 1 Kb moving average. Large red circle represents the chromosome-level median. Faint scatter of gray points with roughly half the read depth of the chromosome overall suggests heterozygous sites. Concentric yellow, orange, and red lines represent 50%, 100%, and 150% of the median chromosome-level depth; this corresponds to expected depths for monosomic, disomic, and trisomic chromosomes, respectively. The paralogous Chromosomes 5 and 6 appear as disomic chromosomes with distinct coverage traces. Inner ring: relative density of coding regions (percent of each 10 Kb interval covered by predicted exons), colored by strand (blue: positive, orange: negative), suggesting long stretches of polycistronic genes on the same strand and strand-biased gene arrangement on Chromosomes 5 and 6. Opaque red link between Chromosomes 5 and 6 indicates the similarity between these two regions

Figure Legend Snippet: Circular representation of Lotmaria passim BRL (2024) genome assembly. Radial segments correspond to the 31 nuclear chromosomes, numbered by size from largest to smallest. Outer ring: sequencing depth. Gray points show base-level read depth, subsampled at 100 bp intervals. Blue line trace represents 1 Kb moving average. Large red circle represents the chromosome-level median. Faint scatter of gray points with roughly half the read depth of the chromosome overall suggests heterozygous sites. Concentric yellow, orange, and red lines represent 50%, 100%, and 150% of the median chromosome-level depth; this corresponds to expected depths for monosomic, disomic, and trisomic chromosomes, respectively. The paralogous Chromosomes 5 and 6 appear as disomic chromosomes with distinct coverage traces. Inner ring: relative density of coding regions (percent of each 10 Kb interval covered by predicted exons), colored by strand (blue: positive, orange: negative), suggesting long stretches of polycistronic genes on the same strand and strand-biased gene arrangement on Chromosomes 5 and 6. Opaque red link between Chromosomes 5 and 6 indicates the similarity between these two regions

Techniques Used: Sequencing

Sequencing:

Article Title: Somy evolution in the honey bee infecting trypanosomatid parasite, Lotmaria passim.
Article Snippet: .. Here we report the updated 17 sequencing, assembly, and annotation of the BRL type strain (ATCC PRA-422) of Lotmaria 18 passim. ..

Hi-C:

Article Title: Chromosome-level genome assembly of trypanosomatid parasite Lotmaria passim links chromosome duplication and divergence with infection of honey bees
Article Snippet: .. The genome of the L. passim BRL type strain (maintained in the American Type Culture Collection as isolate “PRA-422”, GenBank assembly GCA_037349495.1) was previously sequenced using a combination of Pac-Bio HiFi and Illumina Hi-C technologies, assembled to 31 nuclear chromosomes, and annotated with 10,288 genes [ ]. ..

other:

Article Title: Somy evolution in the honey bee infecting trypanosomatid parasite, Lotmaria passim.
Article Snippet: 10 The nuclear genome assembly of Lotmaria passim BRL (2024) contains 10,270 proteins 11 (Figure 2), which is within the range of predicted proteins (7,808 to 11,024 (Kostygov et al. 12 2024)) we have come to expect from other species within the subfamily Leishmaniinae and fit 13 as expected within the Leishmaniinae clade, with Lotmaria passim BRL (2024) clustering 14 together with the earlier assembly of Lotmaria passim strain SF (ATCC PRA-403) (Runckel et al. 15 2014) (Figure 2).

Article Title: Trypanosomatid pathology, cell biology, host resistance and genomics in honey bee hosts: the knowns and unknowns.
Article Snippet: Meanwhile, a new genome assembly of the BRL type strain (ATCC PRA-422) of L. passim has revealed a chromosomal duplication event within chromosomes 5 and 6 and provides evidence for a high level of aneusomy in this strain, consistent with the strain-specific variations in somy found in C. bombi (Gerasimov et al., 2019) and the closely related Leptomonas pyrrhocoris (Grünebast and Clos, 2020; Markowitz et al., 2024).

Article Title: From hive to lab: molecular detection of Lotmaria passim and Crithidia mellificae in Australian honey bees using honey-derived eDNA.
Article Snippet: Lotmaria passim (L. passim) was later characterised as a distinct species in 2015, when molecular analysis confirmed that the true C. mellificae corresponds to the type strains ATCC 30254 and ATCC 30862, whereas many earlier detections labelled as C. mellificae actually matched the BRL and SF isolates and therefore represent L. passim, now considered as the dominant trypanosomatid species infecting A. mellifera worldwide (Schwarz et al., 2015).

Control:

Article Title: Trypanosomatid pathology, cell biology, host resistance and genomics in honey bee hosts: the knowns and unknowns.
Article Snippet: NA 6x10 5 Adults (non determined) 35oC/82% 42-70 % No effect Langridge and McGhee 1967 (Langridge and McGhee, 1967) C. bombi Mix of fresh feces Individual 1x10 4 10 days old 30oC /53-65% inconclusive No effect Ruiz-González et al 2006 (Ruiz‐ González and Brown, 2006) C. mellifera ATCC30254 NA individual 1x10 4 <24h 33oC/555% NA NA Schwarz & Evans 2013 (Schwarz and Evans, 2013) C. mellificae ATCC30254 NA Ad libitum 2.5x10 4 19 days 30oC At 15 day pi: 50% infection in A. mellifera b 60% survival after 19 days Strobl et al. 2019 (Strobl et al., 2019) L. passim NA Naturally infected bees 1.0 – 6.0 x10 3 Newly emerged 30oC Basal levels of L. passim didn’t reduce honey bee survival Arismendi et al 2020 (Arismendi et al., 2020) https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182025100917 Published online by Cambridge University Press L. passim Exponenti al phase Individual 10 5 2-3 days 33oC NA Faster than control but survived beyond 26-42 days Liu et al (2020) (Liu et al., 2020) L. passim ATCC PRA403 96h and 144h Individual 4x10 4 5 days 27oC 100% Early death from 13 dpi. .. With L. passim of 96h culture being more virulent Gómez-Moracho et al 2020 (GómezMoracho et al., 2020) C. mellificae ATCC30254 96h and 144h Individual 4x10 4 5 days 27oC 100% Early death from 13 dpi L. passim ATCC PRA403 96h Individual 10 5 5 days 27oC 100% Early death from 10 dpi C. mellificae ATCC30254 96h Individual 10 5 5 days 27oC 100% Early death from 10 dpi L. passim NA Individual 5x10 3 3 days 35oC Low success with very low parasite load ~30% by day 8 pi Ngor et al 2020 (Ngor et al., 2020b) 10.1017/S0031182 020001018 C. mellificae NA Individual 5x10 3 3 days 35oC Between 5000- 10 5 cell equivalents <30% by day 8 pi C. bombi NA Individual 5x10 3 3 days 35oC Minimal parasite quantities 0% by day 8 pi L. passim C1 strain; Low passage 168h (log phase) c Individual 10 5 2 days 27oC 96.4% ~82% at day 21 pi Buendía-Abad 2021 (BuendíaAbad et al., 2021) https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182025100917 Published online by Cambridge University Press L. passim ATCC PRA403 168h (log phase) c Individual 10 5 2 days 27oC 91.1% ~62% at day 21 pi L. passim 96-168h (log phase) Individual 5x10 4 2 days 34 ± 1 oC NA NA Buendia-Abad 2021 (BuendíaAbad et al., 2021) C. mellificae ATCC30254 144-192h (log phase) Individual 5x10 4 2 days 34 ± 1 oC NA NA L. passim ATCC PRA422 NA Individual 10 5 2 days 27oC 95% No effect Palmer Young et al 2022 (PalmerYoung et al., 2022) L. passim (local) NA (high density) Individual 1.2x10 5 <24 h 33oC na Earlier than control. ..

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