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Optimization of <t>pGC-A</t> expression <t>in</t> <t>Sf9</t> cells. Western blot (anti-pGC-A) of total cell protein over different virus multiplicities of infection (MOI) and transfection time. MOI of 0 indicates no virus transfection. pGC-A (red arrow) is approximately 120 kDa.
Pgc A, supplied by Addgene inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 93/100, based on 5 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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pgc a - by Bioz Stars, 2026-11
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Article Title: Purification, characterization, and preliminary serial crystallography diffraction advances structure determination of full-length human particulate guanylyl cyclase A receptor

Journal: Scientific Reports

doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-15798-z

Optimization of pGC-A expression in Sf9 cells. Western blot (anti-pGC-A) of total cell protein over different virus multiplicities of infection (MOI) and transfection time. MOI of 0 indicates no virus transfection. pGC-A (red arrow) is approximately 120 kDa.
Figure Legend Snippet: Optimization of pGC-A expression in Sf9 cells. Western blot (anti-pGC-A) of total cell protein over different virus multiplicities of infection (MOI) and transfection time. MOI of 0 indicates no virus transfection. pGC-A (red arrow) is approximately 120 kDa.

Techniques Used: Expressing, Western Blot, Infection, Transfection

Determination of expressed full-length pGC-A functionality via whole-cell activity assay. The competitive ELISA assay measured the cGMP yield level in Sf9 cells expressing full-length pGC-A versus control Sf9 cells (n = 2). Both cell types were incubated with different concentrations of MANP ligand (0 to 10 7 pmol). Incubation with 0 pmol MANP served as a negative control.
Figure Legend Snippet: Determination of expressed full-length pGC-A functionality via whole-cell activity assay. The competitive ELISA assay measured the cGMP yield level in Sf9 cells expressing full-length pGC-A versus control Sf9 cells (n = 2). Both cell types were incubated with different concentrations of MANP ligand (0 to 10 7 pmol). Incubation with 0 pmol MANP served as a negative control.

Techniques Used: Activity Assay, Competitive ELISA, Expressing, Incubation, Negative Control

Purification of full-length pGC-A via affinity and size exclusion columns. ( A ) Western blot (anti-pGC-A) of samples from cell lysis to the affinity column. pGC-A (red arrow) is ~ 120 kDa. ( B ) Coomassie blue stain from cell lysis to the affinity column. ( C ) Coomassie blue stain of the eluted fraction from Superose 6 that was used for protein crystallization. M: marker; P: membrane pellet from ultracentrifugation after solubilization with n-dodecyl-β-D-maltoside (DDM) and cholesteryl hemisuccinate (CHS); FT: flowthrough from the affinity column; 50, 100, 500: imidazole (mM) at elution from the affinity column.
Figure Legend Snippet: Purification of full-length pGC-A via affinity and size exclusion columns. ( A ) Western blot (anti-pGC-A) of samples from cell lysis to the affinity column. pGC-A (red arrow) is ~ 120 kDa. ( B ) Coomassie blue stain from cell lysis to the affinity column. ( C ) Coomassie blue stain of the eluted fraction from Superose 6 that was used for protein crystallization. M: marker; P: membrane pellet from ultracentrifugation after solubilization with n-dodecyl-β-D-maltoside (DDM) and cholesteryl hemisuccinate (CHS); FT: flowthrough from the affinity column; 50, 100, 500: imidazole (mM) at elution from the affinity column.

Techniques Used: Purification, Western Blot, Lysis, Affinity Column, Staining, Crystallization Assay, Marker

Presence of pGC-A in crystals was confirmed via western blot. The anti-pGC-A antibody was used in the western blot. The pGC-A monomer is 120 kDa. Lane 1: combined mix: combined crystallization drops collected in the PCR tube. Lane 2: supernatant: the supernatant collected from the centrifuged combined mix. Lane 3: washed pellet: the crystal pellet was washed with the precipitant solution and collected again via centrifugation. Lane 4: washed supernatant: the supernatant from washed crystal pellet. Lane 5: crystallization drop: one crystallization hanging drop directly mixed with SDS sample buffer. Lane 6: crystallization sample: purified pGC-A before crystallization, serving as a positive control.
Figure Legend Snippet: Presence of pGC-A in crystals was confirmed via western blot. The anti-pGC-A antibody was used in the western blot. The pGC-A monomer is 120 kDa. Lane 1: combined mix: combined crystallization drops collected in the PCR tube. Lane 2: supernatant: the supernatant collected from the centrifuged combined mix. Lane 3: washed pellet: the crystal pellet was washed with the precipitant solution and collected again via centrifugation. Lane 4: washed supernatant: the supernatant from washed crystal pellet. Lane 5: crystallization drop: one crystallization hanging drop directly mixed with SDS sample buffer. Lane 6: crystallization sample: purified pGC-A before crystallization, serving as a positive control.

Techniques Used: Western Blot, Crystallization Assay, Centrifugation, Purification, Positive Control

Indexed diffraction patterns from pGC-A microcrystals collected via serial crystallography at the Advanced Photon Source. Three indexable diffraction patterns with the highest resolution of 3 Å. ( A ) Blue/pink diffraction graphs show diffraction patterns analyzed using CrystFEL software. ( B ) The original diffraction patterns shown with white background. All diffraction dots were manually circled in red for better visualization.
Figure Legend Snippet: Indexed diffraction patterns from pGC-A microcrystals collected via serial crystallography at the Advanced Photon Source. Three indexable diffraction patterns with the highest resolution of 3 Å. ( A ) Blue/pink diffraction graphs show diffraction patterns analyzed using CrystFEL software. ( B ) The original diffraction patterns shown with white background. All diffraction dots were manually circled in red for better visualization.

Techniques Used: Software

Dynamic oligomeric states of pGC-A seen in replicate runs of Superose 6 size exclusion chromatography may be dependent on protein concentration. ( A ) The Superose 6 10/300GL column performance profile. Five standard proteins were used to generate relative molecule elution points based on different molecular sizes. Thyroglobulin (669 kDa) eluted at 14.19 mL, ferritin (440 kDa) eluted at 15.96 mL, aldolase (158 kDa) eluted at 17.58 mL, ovalbumin (44 kDa) eluted at 18.49 mL, and aprotinin (6.5 kDa) eluted at 21.60 mL. ( B-D ) Size exclusion chromatography of pGC-A. ( B ) The peak intensity at 17.3 mL corresponds to the pGC-A monomeric state (120 kDa). pGC-A monomer is the major peak determined by chromatography. Other ratios were faded out in the background and served as supplemental comparison. ( C ) pGC-A tetramer and monomer present similar ratios in the chromatographic separation. The peak intensity at 14.76 mL and 17.29 mL corresponds to pGC-A tetrameric (480 kDa) and monomeric states, respectively. ( D ) The pGC-A tetramer is the major peak. The peak intensity at 15.05 mL corresponds to the pGC-A tetrameric state.
Figure Legend Snippet: Dynamic oligomeric states of pGC-A seen in replicate runs of Superose 6 size exclusion chromatography may be dependent on protein concentration. ( A ) The Superose 6 10/300GL column performance profile. Five standard proteins were used to generate relative molecule elution points based on different molecular sizes. Thyroglobulin (669 kDa) eluted at 14.19 mL, ferritin (440 kDa) eluted at 15.96 mL, aldolase (158 kDa) eluted at 17.58 mL, ovalbumin (44 kDa) eluted at 18.49 mL, and aprotinin (6.5 kDa) eluted at 21.60 mL. ( B-D ) Size exclusion chromatography of pGC-A. ( B ) The peak intensity at 17.3 mL corresponds to the pGC-A monomeric state (120 kDa). pGC-A monomer is the major peak determined by chromatography. Other ratios were faded out in the background and served as supplemental comparison. ( C ) pGC-A tetramer and monomer present similar ratios in the chromatographic separation. The peak intensity at 14.76 mL and 17.29 mL corresponds to pGC-A tetrameric (480 kDa) and monomeric states, respectively. ( D ) The pGC-A tetramer is the major peak. The peak intensity at 15.05 mL corresponds to the pGC-A tetrameric state.

Techniques Used: Size-exclusion Chromatography, Protein Concentration, Chromatography

Silver stain of high resolution clear-native PAGE from pGC-A Superose 6 fractions. Superose 6 column eluted tetramer (480 kDa) and monomer (120 kDa) size peaks were concentrated and analyzed in a 4–16% native gel. M, marker.
Figure Legend Snippet: Silver stain of high resolution clear-native PAGE from pGC-A Superose 6 fractions. Superose 6 column eluted tetramer (480 kDa) and monomer (120 kDa) size peaks were concentrated and analyzed in a 4–16% native gel. M, marker.

Techniques Used: Silver Staining, Clear Native PAGE, Marker

Silver stained clear-native PAGE of different oligomeric samples treated with or without dithiothreitol (DTT) overnight. Three peak samples, which represent the tetramer, dimer, and monomer of full-length pGC-A, were concentrated and split in half for treatment with or without DTT. S, concentrated sample only; S + DTT, concentrated sample incubated with 1 M DTT overnight.
Figure Legend Snippet: Silver stained clear-native PAGE of different oligomeric samples treated with or without dithiothreitol (DTT) overnight. Three peak samples, which represent the tetramer, dimer, and monomer of full-length pGC-A, were concentrated and split in half for treatment with or without DTT. S, concentrated sample only; S + DTT, concentrated sample incubated with 1 M DTT overnight.

Techniques Used: Staining, Clear Native PAGE, Incubation

Purified full-length pGC-A in vitro functional activity test. ( A ) Functional activity for two pGC-A oligomeric states with ATP incubation. The control group was GTP and ATP in sample buffer. For activity values in units of mg of purified pGC-A, the y-axis values of pmol/mL can be converted to nmol/mg protein by multiplying by 0.00873. ( B ) Functional activity for two pGC-A oligomeric states without ATP incubation. The control group was GTP only in the sample buffer. ( C ) Competitive cGMP ELISA standard fit in four parameters logistic (4PL) curve. The left Y-axis is the B/B0 (%) value and represents the percentage of bound cGMP. The right Y-axis represents the average net optical density (OD) reading at 405 nm. Both standard curves were generated with a 95% confidence interval. ( D ) The cGMP yield differences between pGC-A oligomer samples incubated with or without ATP were analyzed. All raw data points were analyzed via the ROUT method (Q = 1%) to remove significantly impossible outlier values before data analysis. One-way ANOVA was used to determine the statistical significance between samples and control in graphs ( A ) and ( B ). Two-way ANOVA was used to determine the statistical significance in graph ( D ). Each dot represented to the sample point and plotted as mean ± standard deviation (SD). * P ≤ 0.05, ** P ≤ 0.01, **** P ≤ 0.0001 and ns P ≥ 0.05, Not significant.
Figure Legend Snippet: Purified full-length pGC-A in vitro functional activity test. ( A ) Functional activity for two pGC-A oligomeric states with ATP incubation. The control group was GTP and ATP in sample buffer. For activity values in units of mg of purified pGC-A, the y-axis values of pmol/mL can be converted to nmol/mg protein by multiplying by 0.00873. ( B ) Functional activity for two pGC-A oligomeric states without ATP incubation. The control group was GTP only in the sample buffer. ( C ) Competitive cGMP ELISA standard fit in four parameters logistic (4PL) curve. The left Y-axis is the B/B0 (%) value and represents the percentage of bound cGMP. The right Y-axis represents the average net optical density (OD) reading at 405 nm. Both standard curves were generated with a 95% confidence interval. ( D ) The cGMP yield differences between pGC-A oligomer samples incubated with or without ATP were analyzed. All raw data points were analyzed via the ROUT method (Q = 1%) to remove significantly impossible outlier values before data analysis. One-way ANOVA was used to determine the statistical significance between samples and control in graphs ( A ) and ( B ). Two-way ANOVA was used to determine the statistical significance in graph ( D ). Each dot represented to the sample point and plotted as mean ± standard deviation (SD). * P ≤ 0.05, ** P ≤ 0.01, **** P ≤ 0.0001 and ns P ≥ 0.05, Not significant.

Techniques Used: Purification, In Vitro, Functional Assay, Activity Assay, Incubation, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Generated, Standard Deviation

Proposed native state and three-step mechanism of full-length pGC-A. First, the full-length pGC-A forms a tetramer complex in the native state by non-covalent interactions (e.g., hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interactions). In each tetramer complex, there are two functional units, and each functional unit may represent a dimer. The narrowest part of the tetramer is the transmembrane domain. Second, the pGC-A signal transduction mechanism is not ATP-dependent. The current ATP-dependent two-step activation mechanism should instead be three-step. The first step is ligand (ANP) binding, which moderately activates the pGC-A; the second step is binding ATP, which partially boosts protein activity; the third step is the pGC-A phosphorylation, which fully activates the guanylyl cyclase.
Figure Legend Snippet: Proposed native state and three-step mechanism of full-length pGC-A. First, the full-length pGC-A forms a tetramer complex in the native state by non-covalent interactions (e.g., hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interactions). In each tetramer complex, there are two functional units, and each functional unit may represent a dimer. The narrowest part of the tetramer is the transmembrane domain. Second, the pGC-A signal transduction mechanism is not ATP-dependent. The current ATP-dependent two-step activation mechanism should instead be three-step. The first step is ligand (ANP) binding, which moderately activates the pGC-A; the second step is binding ATP, which partially boosts protein activity; the third step is the pGC-A phosphorylation, which fully activates the guanylyl cyclase.

Techniques Used: Functional Assay, Transduction, Activation Assay, Binding Assay, Activity Assay

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Generated:

Article Title: SARS-CoV-2 spike L452R variant evades cellular immunity and increases infectivity.
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Plasmid Preparation:

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Transfection:

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Polymerase Chain Reaction:

Article Title: Targeted degradation of specific TEAD paralogs by small molecule degraders
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Amplification:

Article Title: Targeted degradation of specific TEAD paralogs by small molecule degraders
Article Snippet: To make pTRE-Puro-pan-TEAD, the entire cassette containing all the TEAD was amplified from pCDNA3.1-pan-TEAD and cloned between MluI and AgeI in pTRE by NEBuilder® HiFi DNA Assembly. .. To make pGEX-3X-TEAD1-YBD-C359A, pGEX-3X-TEAD2-YBD-C380A, pGEX-3X-TEAD3-YBD-C368A, pGEX-3X-TEAD4-YBD-C367A, the coding sequences for YBD of TEAD1-4 were PCR amplified from pCMX-GAL4-TEAD1 (Addgene #33108), pCMX-GAL4-TEAD2 (Addgene #33107), pCMX-GAL4-TEAD3 (Addgene #33106), pCMX-GAL4-TEAD4 (Addgene #33105), pRK5-Myc-TEAD4 (Addgene #24638), as two overlapping fragments with the mutations introduced in the primers for amplifying them, and cloned into the BamH1 site in PGEX-3X plasmid by NEBuilder® HiFi DNA Assembly. ..

Clone Assay:

Article Title: Targeted degradation of specific TEAD paralogs by small molecule degraders
Article Snippet: To make pTRE-Puro-pan-TEAD, the entire cassette containing all the TEAD was amplified from pCDNA3.1-pan-TEAD and cloned between MluI and AgeI in pTRE by NEBuilder® HiFi DNA Assembly. .. To make pGEX-3X-TEAD1-YBD-C359A, pGEX-3X-TEAD2-YBD-C380A, pGEX-3X-TEAD3-YBD-C368A, pGEX-3X-TEAD4-YBD-C367A, the coding sequences for YBD of TEAD1-4 were PCR amplified from pCMX-GAL4-TEAD1 (Addgene #33108), pCMX-GAL4-TEAD2 (Addgene #33107), pCMX-GAL4-TEAD3 (Addgene #33106), pCMX-GAL4-TEAD4 (Addgene #33105), pRK5-Myc-TEAD4 (Addgene #24638), as two overlapping fragments with the mutations introduced in the primers for amplifying them, and cloned into the BamH1 site in PGEX-3X plasmid by NEBuilder® HiFi DNA Assembly. ..

Construct:

Article Title: Purification, characterization, and preliminary serial crystallography diffraction advances structure determination of full-length human particulate guanylyl cyclase A receptor
Article Snippet: The Invitrogen Bac-to-Bac BEVS protocol was followed to express full-length human pGC-A. .. The plasmid construct pFastBac1-pGC-A (Addgene #186626) was designed to allow expression in Sf9 insect cells of pGC-A (amino acids 33–1061 of NCBI Reference Sequence NP_000897.3). .. The gene encoding the pGC-A protein was optimized by GenScript for expression in insect cells using GenScript's OptimumGene algorithm and cloned by GenScript into the Bam HI and Hin dIII sites of the insect cell donor vector pFastBac1.

Sequencing:

Article Title: Purification, characterization, and preliminary serial crystallography diffraction advances structure determination of full-length human particulate guanylyl cyclase A receptor
Article Snippet: The Invitrogen Bac-to-Bac BEVS protocol was followed to express full-length human pGC-A. .. The plasmid construct pFastBac1-pGC-A (Addgene #186626) was designed to allow expression in Sf9 insect cells of pGC-A (amino acids 33–1061 of NCBI Reference Sequence NP_000897.3). .. The gene encoding the pGC-A protein was optimized by GenScript for expression in insect cells using GenScript's OptimumGene algorithm and cloned by GenScript into the Bam HI and Hin dIII sites of the insect cell donor vector pFastBac1.



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