Journal: Communications Biology

Article Title: Maternal anxiety affects embryo implantation via impairing adrenergic receptor signaling in decidual cells

doi: 10.1038/s42003-022-03694-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: a , b Serum epinephrine and norepinephrine levels in control patients ( n = 35) and infertility patients ( n = 35); Ctr control, Epi epinephrine, NE norepinephrine. c , d Serum epinephrine and norepinephrine levels in pregnancy patients ( n = 43) and RIF patients ( n = 26); RIF recurrent implantation failure. e Heatmap of upregulated and downregulated endometrial genes in the putitive recetivive windows in RIF compared with control (upregulated genes in red and downregulated genes in blue); 1269 genes were upregulated, 1115 genes were downregulated. Significance was indicated as -log10 p value, p value ≤ 0.05 and |log2FoldChange| ≥ 0.0. f Significantly enriched GO terms for the DEGs in receptivity endometrium with RIF (upregulated genes in red and downregulated genes in blue). Values are represented as the mean ± SEM. For statistical analysis, p values were calculated by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison post hoc test. Statistical significance for all analyses were * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: The mice were intravenously injected with epinephrine (100 μg/mice) (MedChem Express, Monmouth Junction, USA) in saline at 08:30 AM during days 5–7, once a day, to establish a mouse model of exogenous epinephrine in the early pregnancy period.

Techniques: Control, Comparison

Journal: Communications Biology

Article Title: Maternal anxiety affects embryo implantation via impairing adrenergic receptor signaling in decidual cells

doi: 10.1038/s42003-022-03694-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: a , b The mRNA levels of decidualization markers prolactin ( PRL ) and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 1 ( IGFBP-1 ) on the 4th day of decidualization in the control and epinephrine-treated group. The values were normalized to the GAPDH expression level and indicated as the mean ± SEM, n = 3. c , d The mRNA levels of decidualization markers PRL and IGFBP-1 in control and 5.0 μM epinephrine treated HESCs during induced decidualization at different time. The values were normalized to the GAPDH expression level and indicated as the mean ± SEM, n = 3. e Western blot for PRL and IGFBP-1 protein expression level, with GAPDH as a loading control. f Relative fold change in density levels for e .

Article Snippet: The mice were intravenously injected with epinephrine (100 μg/mice) (MedChem Express, Monmouth Junction, USA) in saline at 08:30 AM during days 5–7, once a day, to establish a mouse model of exogenous epinephrine in the early pregnancy period.

Techniques: Binding Assay, Control, Expressing, Western Blot

Journal: Communications Biology

Article Title: Maternal anxiety affects embryo implantation via impairing adrenergic receptor signaling in decidual cells

doi: 10.1038/s42003-022-03694-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: a , b The mRNA and protein expression level for knockdown efficiency of ADRA2C in HESCs. c Relative fold change in density levels for b . d , e The mRNA level for PRL and IGFBP-1 transcription in the presence of epinephrine after ADRA2C knockdown. Values were normalized to GAPDH expression level and indicate as the mean ± SEM, n = 3. f Western blot for the activity of AKT and the expression of FOXO1 in the presence of epinephrine after knockdown of ADRA2C. g Relative fold change in density levels for f . h Western blot for the activity of AKT and the expression of FOXO1 in the absence of epinephrine after knockdown of ADRA2C. i Relative fold change in density levels for h . j Western blot for FOXO1 expression in different cellular compartments in the presence of epinephrine after ADRA2C knockdown. k Relative fold change in density levels for j . l Schematic diagram of ADRA2C mediated epinephrine signaling in HESCs during decidualization.

Article Snippet: The mice were intravenously injected with epinephrine (100 μg/mice) (MedChem Express, Monmouth Junction, USA) in saline at 08:30 AM during days 5–7, once a day, to establish a mouse model of exogenous epinephrine in the early pregnancy period.

Techniques: Expressing, Knockdown, Western Blot, Activity Assay

Journal: Communications Biology

Article Title: Maternal anxiety affects embryo implantation via impairing adrenergic receptor signaling in decidual cells

doi: 10.1038/s42003-022-03694-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: a Schematic diagram of experimental design of stressed mouse model. b , c Serum epinephrine and norepinephrine levels in stressed mice ( n = 21) versus control mice ( n = 20). d Mating rate of stress mice was significantly decreased ( n = 6) versus control mice ( n = 6). e Schematic diagram of experimental design for exogenous epinephrine exposure. f Schematic design of pseudopregnant mice exposed to exogenous epinephrine. g The fold increased after oil-induced decidual weight. Ctr, ( n = 6); Epi, ( n = 6). h Morphological deference of pseudopregnant uterus after 96 h of oil induction between vehicle and 100 μg/mouse epinephrine treatment. Ctr, Non-decidualization ( n = 6); Oil, artificial decidualization ( n = 6). i At D6 and D8, representative images of intrauterine embryos in mice exposed to exogenous epinephrine and stressed mice were compared with controls. Arrows indicate planting sites with growth restriction. j The average weight of IS was decreased in stressed and exogenous epinephrine exposed mice at D8. IS implantation site.

Article Snippet: The mice were intravenously injected with epinephrine (100 μg/mice) (MedChem Express, Monmouth Junction, USA) in saline at 08:30 AM during days 5–7, once a day, to establish a mouse model of exogenous epinephrine in the early pregnancy period.

Techniques: Control

Journal: Communications Biology

Article Title: Maternal anxiety affects embryo implantation via impairing adrenergic receptor signaling in decidual cells

doi: 10.1038/s42003-022-03694-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: a Comparison of epinephrine at D8 endometrial tissues of mice exposed to exogenous epinephrine ( n = 9) and stressed mice with high serum epinephrine levels ( n = 9) with control mice ( n = 9). b – d qRT-PCR analyses of Adra1b, Adra2b , and Adrb2 at the D8 uteri on stressed mouse and exogenous epinephrine exposed mouse model versus control. e In situ hybridization for expression of Adra1b, Adra2b , and Adrb2 at the D8 uteri on stressed mouse and exogenous epinephrine exposed mouse model versus control. Scale bars, 100 μm; em embryo, de decidua, Neg negative control. f In situ hybridization revealed the alternation expression of Adra1b, Adra2b , and Adrb2 at the uteri on 96 h exogenous epinephrine exposed pseudopregnancy mouse model versus control. Scale bars, 100 μm; de decidua, UC uterine cavity, Neg negative control. g Volcano plot of the log2 (fold change) and -log10 ( p value). There were significant differences in RNA expression between RIF and control endometrial receptive tissues (upregulated genes in red and downregulated genes in blue). h Western blot analysis of ADRA2C expression in mid-secretory phage (LH+7) endometrial tissues with RIF compared with control. i Density levels of ADRA2C in RIF and control for h . j KEGG pathway analysis of significantly enriched genes and hub gene counts. For each term, the number of enriched genes was indicated by the dot size, while the level of significance was represented by the color. Blue indicates low significance while red represents high significance (adjust P < 0.5).

Article Snippet: The mice were intravenously injected with epinephrine (100 μg/mice) (MedChem Express, Monmouth Junction, USA) in saline at 08:30 AM during days 5–7, once a day, to establish a mouse model of exogenous epinephrine in the early pregnancy period.

Techniques: Comparison, Control, Quantitative RT-PCR, In Situ Hybridization, Expressing, Negative Control, RNA Expression, Western Blot

Journal: Communications Biology

Article Title: Maternal anxiety affects embryo implantation via impairing adrenergic receptor signaling in decidual cells

doi: 10.1038/s42003-022-03694-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: Normally, the successful implantation and development of embryos depend on the function of the endometrium during the receptivity phase. A certain level of epinephrine is beneficial to the decidual differentiation of human endometrial stromal cells, regulating the receptivity stage of endometrial function. Mental stress can lead to an increased endogenous level of epinephrine. Excessive epinephrine level may interfere with the decidual differentiation of human endometrial stromal cells and thus affect embryo implantation.

Article Snippet: The mice were intravenously injected with epinephrine (100 μg/mice) (MedChem Express, Monmouth Junction, USA) in saline at 08:30 AM during days 5–7, once a day, to establish a mouse model of exogenous epinephrine in the early pregnancy period.

Techniques:

Journal: Nature biomedical engineering

Article Title: High-resolution optoacoustic imaging of tissue responses to vascular-targeted therapies

doi: 10.1038/s41551-020-0527-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: a, MIP images of CT26 tumour vessels over the 10 min after injection of epinephrine. Arrows in enlarged images indicate vasoconstriction. Scale bar = 2 mm. b, MIP images of CT26 tumour vessels over the 10 min after injection of endothelin-1. Small inserts show changes in a single blood vessel over time. Scale bar = 1 mm. c-d, Relative vessel diameters from 3 different tumours (n = 3, biological replicates) over the 10 min after epinephrine ( c ) or endothelin-1 ( d ) injection. Mean ± SD of 3 mice. Data were compared using unpaired two-tailed Student’s t test. *** P <0.0001, ** P = 0.0013 for 1 min vs. 5 min, and 0.0031 for 5 min vs. 10 min, * P = 0.0195.

Article Snippet: To investigate the sensitivity of our prototype RSOM scanner and to demonstrate that fast and temporal vascular changes can be monitored, we used the short-acting vasoconstrictors epinephrine (L-Adrenaline, cat. # B1337, ApexBio) and endothelin-1 (cat. # E7764, Sigma-Aldrich).

Techniques: Injection, Two Tailed Test