Journal: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology

Article Title: Recent advances in the potential applications of luminescence-based, SPR-based, and carbon-based biosensors

doi: 10.1007/s00253-022-11901-6

Figure Lengend Snippet: Advances and potential application of biosensors in pharmaceutical sciences

Article Snippet: Electrochemical immunosensor , Zika virus (envelope protein) , 10 pM , Zika virus (strain Zika SPH2015) envelope protein (ZIKV-E) ELISA Pair Set; Sino Biological Inc. (LOD = 125 pg/mL) , Promising clinical application for early-stage diagnostics of the virus, operation time around 40 min , Kaushik et al. ( ) .

Techniques: Förster Resonance Energy Transfer, Imaging, SPR Assay, Electrochemiluminescence, MicroChIP Assay, In Vitro, Infection, Amplification, Isolation, Biomarker Assay, Sequencing

Journal: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology

Article Title: Recent advances in the potential applications of luminescence-based, SPR-based, and carbon-based biosensors

doi: 10.1007/s00253-022-11901-6

Figure Lengend Snippet: Summarization of LOD, advances of the abovementioned biosensors, and their comparison with common methods of detection

Article Snippet: Electrochemical immunosensor , Zika virus (envelope protein) , 10 pM , Zika virus (strain Zika SPH2015) envelope protein (ZIKV-E) ELISA Pair Set; Sino Biological Inc. (LOD = 125 pg/mL) , Promising clinical application for early-stage diagnostics of the virus, operation time around 40 min , Kaushik et al. ( ) .

Techniques: Glutamate Assay, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Diagnostic Assay, Sequencing, Simultaneous Assay, Biomarker Assay, Fluorescence, In Situ Hybridization

Journal: Viruses

Article Title: ZIKV Strains Elicit Different Inflammatory and Anti-Viral Responses in Microglia Cells

doi: 10.3390/v15061250

Figure Lengend Snippet: The microglial BV2 cell line is poorly susceptible to infection by African and Asian ZIKV strains. ( a ) BV2 cells were mock-treated or infected with ZIKV PE243 or ZIKV MR766 (MOI = 10), produced in C6/36 cells. After 24, 48, and 72 hpi, cells were stained with anti-dsRNA antibody, followed by anti-mouse IgG conjugated to PE and analyzed by immunofluorescence. ( b , c ) The ZIKV PE243 and ZIKV MR766 replication kinetics in BV2 cells were determined at different time points and with different MOIs in the pellet by RT-qPCR, as indicated in the figures. ( d ) Titration of infectious particles from BV2 infected cells supernatants was performed in Vero cells by plaque assay. Data are represented as mean ± SD of two independent experiments. ( e , f ) Cell viability XTT metabolization assays were carried out in BV2s mock-treated, 1% triton-treated or infected by ZIKV PE243 or ZIKV MR766 (MOI of 0.1, 1, and 5) produced in C6/36 cells. Data are represented as mean ± SD of three independent experiments and normalized according to the values obtained in cell cultures maintained in culture medium only.

Article Snippet: The ancient ZIKV strain MR766 (ZIKV MR766 ; ATCC VR1838) was donated by Dr. Amilcar Tanuri (Instituto de Biologia, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, RJ, Brazil).

Techniques: Infection, Produced, Staining, Immunofluorescence, Quantitative RT-PCR, Titration, Plaque Assay

Journal: Viruses

Article Title: ZIKV Strains Elicit Different Inflammatory and Anti-Viral Responses in Microglia Cells

doi: 10.3390/v15061250

Figure Lengend Snippet: African ZIKV strain induces greater BV2 microglial cell activation. ( a ) BV2 microglial cells were mock-treated, LPS + ATP-treated, or infected with ZIKV PE243 or ZIKV MR766 with an MOI of 1, produced in C6/36 cells, and evaluated at 24, 48, and 72 hpi. Iba1, MHC-II, and CD68 expressions were determined by immunofluorescence using AlexaFluor488 anti-Iba1, PE-conjugated anti-MHCII, and AlexaFluor647 anti-CD68 and DAPI core marker (blue). ( b ) CD68 mRNA expression levels were measured by qPCR in ZIKV PE243 and ZIKV MR766 BV2 infected cells with an MOI of 1 at the indicated time points. Bars indicate ∆∆Ct values, normalized according to hprt1 values and mock results. Data are represented as mean ± SD of three independent experiments. Statistical analysis was performed by One-Way ANOVA, considering * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001 as significant differences.

Article Snippet: The ancient ZIKV strain MR766 (ZIKV MR766 ; ATCC VR1838) was donated by Dr. Amilcar Tanuri (Instituto de Biologia, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, RJ, Brazil).

Techniques: Activation Assay, Infection, Produced, Immunofluorescence, Marker, Expressing

Journal: Viruses

Article Title: ZIKV Strains Elicit Different Inflammatory and Anti-Viral Responses in Microglia Cells

doi: 10.3390/v15061250

Figure Lengend Snippet: African and Asian ZIKV strains induce differential expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and anti-viral factors in BV2 microglial cells. mRNA expression levels were measured by RT-qPCR in ZIKV PE243 and ZIKV MR766 BV2 infected cells with an MOI of 1 at the indicated time points. ( a ) TNF-α, ( b ) IL-6, ( c ) IFN-γ, ( d ) IL-10, ( e ) IFN-β. Bars indicate ∆∆Ct values, normalized according to hprt1 values and mock values for mRNAs. Data are represented as mean ± SD of three independent experiments. Statistical analysis was performed by One-Way ANOVA, considering * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001 as significant differences.

Article Snippet: The ancient ZIKV strain MR766 (ZIKV MR766 ; ATCC VR1838) was donated by Dr. Amilcar Tanuri (Instituto de Biologia, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, RJ, Brazil).

Techniques: Quantitative Proteomics, Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR, Infection

Journal: Viruses

Article Title: ZIKV Strains Elicit Different Inflammatory and Anti-Viral Responses in Microglia Cells

doi: 10.3390/v15061250

Figure Lengend Snippet: Infection of BV2 microglia cells with ZIKV PE243 and ZIKV MR766 strains differentially modulate the pro-inflammatory miRNA-155 and anti-inflammatory and anti-viral factors. BV2 cells were infected with both ZIKV PE243 or ZIKV MR766 , with an MOI of 1, at 12, 24, 48, and 72 hpi using mock-treated (Mock) as a negative control and LPS + ATP (LPS) as a positive control. ( a ) miRNA-155, ( b ) SOCS1, ( d ) SOCS3 and ( e ) SHIP1 mRNA expression levels were measured by RT-qPCR. ∆∆Ct plotted results were normalized to hprt1 and mock values for mRNAs, and U6 and mock for miRNAs. ( c ) The protein SOCS1 expressions were analyzed by Western analysis. The membrane was stained with anti-SOCS1 and anti-β-actin as a loading control. Statistical analysis was performed by One-Way ANOVA, considering * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001 as significant differences.

Article Snippet: The ancient ZIKV strain MR766 (ZIKV MR766 ; ATCC VR1838) was donated by Dr. Amilcar Tanuri (Instituto de Biologia, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, RJ, Brazil).

Techniques: Infection, Negative Control, Positive Control, Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR, Western Blot, Membrane, Staining, Control

Journal: Viruses

Article Title: ZIKV Strains Elicit Different Inflammatory and Anti-Viral Responses in Microglia Cells

doi: 10.3390/v15061250

Figure Lengend Snippet: Infection of BV2 microglia cells with ZIKV PE243 or ZIKV MR766 strains differentially modulates anti-inflammatory miRNAs and inflammatory factors. BV2 cells were infected with both ZIKV PE243 or ZIKV MR766 , with an MOI of 1, at 12, 24, 48, and 72 hpi using mock-treated (Mock) as a negative control and LPS + ATP (LPS) as a positive control. ( a ) miRNA-146a, ( b ) miRNA-124, ( c ) TRAF6 and ( d ) IRAK1. The mRNA expression levels were measured by RT-qPCR. ∆∆Ct plotted results were normalized to hprt1 and mock values for mRNAs, and U6 and mock for miRNAs. Statistical analysis was performed by One-Way ANOVA, considering * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, as significant differences.

Article Snippet: The ancient ZIKV strain MR766 (ZIKV MR766 ; ATCC VR1838) was donated by Dr. Amilcar Tanuri (Instituto de Biologia, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, RJ, Brazil).

Techniques: Infection, Negative Control, Positive Control, Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR

Journal: Viruses

Article Title: ZIKV Strains Elicit Different Inflammatory and Anti-Viral Responses in Microglia Cells

doi: 10.3390/v15061250

Figure Lengend Snippet: Infection of BV2 microglia cells with ZIKV PE243 or ZIKV MR766 strains differentially modulates PPAR-γ and their targets. ( a ) PPAR-γ mRNA copy levels were measured by RT-qPCR in BV2 infected cells by ZIKV PE243 or ZIKV MR766 with an MOI of 1 at 12, 24, 48, and 72 hpi using mock-treated (Mock) and LPS + ATP (LPS) as negative controls, and adipocyte mice cells (C+) as positive controls. ( b ) The PPAR-γ protein expression levels were analyzed by Western blot analysis. The membrane was stained with anti-PPAR-γ and anti-β-actin as a loading control. ( c , d ) IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA copy levels were measured by RT-qPCR. BV2-infected cells were evaluated at 48 hpi and treated with PPAR-γ agonist-Rosiglitazone. As negative controls were used, mock-treated with agonist (M+Rosi) and mock-treated without agonist (-Rosi), the positive control was mock-treated with LPS. Data are represented as mean ± SD of three independent experiments. Statistical analysis was performed by One-Way ANOVA, considering * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001 as significant differences.

Article Snippet: The ancient ZIKV strain MR766 (ZIKV MR766 ; ATCC VR1838) was donated by Dr. Amilcar Tanuri (Instituto de Biologia, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, RJ, Brazil).

Techniques: Infection, Quantitative RT-PCR, Expressing, Western Blot, Membrane, Staining, Control, Positive Control

Journal: Viruses

Article Title: ZIKV Strains Elicit Different Inflammatory and Anti-Viral Responses in Microglia Cells

doi: 10.3390/v15061250

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparison of inflammatory, anti-inflammatory, and anti-viral marker expressions by BV2 microglial cell line after infection with Brazilian and African ZIKV strains (ZIKV PE243 and ZIKV MR766 ).

Article Snippet: The ancient ZIKV strain MR766 (ZIKV MR766 ; ATCC VR1838) was donated by Dr. Amilcar Tanuri (Instituto de Biologia, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, RJ, Brazil).

Techniques: Comparison, Marker, Infection