Journal: The Journal of Biological Chemistry

Article Title: GMP Synthase Is Required for Virulence Factor Production and Infection by Cryptococcus neoformans *

doi: 10.1074/jbc.M116.767533

Figure Lengend Snippet: Loss of GUA1 compromises virulence factor production. A, C. neoformans strains were incubated in RPMI 1640 medium, 10% fetal bovine serum, and 1 mm guanine at 30 and 37 °C. At 30 h, the cells were stained with India ink. The relative capsule diameter value shows the mean, and the error bars represent S.E. ****, p < 0.0001. B, melanin production was determined on l-DOPA medium with strains incubated at 30 and 37 °C for 48 h. C, protease production was determined on YNB medium with amino acids and 0.1% bovine serum albumin plates with strains at 30 and 37 °C for 48 h.

Article Snippet: The GMP synthase-encoding gene was identified in the C. neoformans genome via reciprocal best hit BLAST analysis querying with the S. cerevisiae Gua1 protein. . C. neoformans strains were cultured in liquid (1% yeast extract, 2% bacto-peptone, 2% glucose) or solid (additional 2% agar) YPD medium at 30 °C, and maintained at 4 °C for no longer than 2 weeks. gua1 Δ mutants were cultured in liquid YNB (Becton Dickinson) medium supplemented with 2% glucose, 10 m m ammonium sulfate, and 1 m m guanine at 30 °C and maintained at 4 °C on solid YNB (additional 2% agar) supplemented as before unless otherwise stated.

Techniques: Incubation, Staining

Journal: Biotechnology for Biofuels

Article Title: Efficient heterologous expression of an alkaline lipase and its application in hydrolytic production of free astaxanthin

doi: 10.1186/s13068-018-1180-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of media with various YNB formulations on cell density (OD600) and enzyme activity of X33-YH cultured for 124 h

Article Snippet: Formulation of yeast nitrogen base without a.a. (YNB) (cat # BD291930; Becton Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA) was analyzed in terms of four parts: nitrogen source, vitamins, trace elements, and macronutrients. a1-YNB, a2-YNB, and a3-YNB (formulations shown in Table ) were prepared artificially to retain necessary ingredients and reduce fermentation cost.

Techniques: Activity Assay, Cell Culture