Journal: Science Advances

Article Title: Short-term acute bright light exposure induces a prolonged anxiogenic effect in mice via a retinal ipRGC-CeA circuit

doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adf4651

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Melanopsin-immunoreactive signals were completely absent in an Opn4 −/− retina (bottom), whereas a mosaic of melanopsin-positive cells was observed in the retina of a WT littermate (top). Scale bar, 100 μm. ( B and C ) Representative tracks (left) and pooled data (right) showing that unlike their WT littermates, Opn4 −/− mice did not exhibit reduced number of entries to/time spent in the center [OFT (B)] and open arm [EPM (C)] after light pulse treatment (1000 lux, 25 min). * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01, Sidak’s multiple comparisons test; n = 6 to 10 in each group. ( D ) Microscopic images of retinal whole mounts stained with the melanopsin antibody, which were harvested from C57BL/6 mice injected with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; top) or 100 ng of melanopsin-saporin (SAP; bottom). The boxed regions are enlarged and shown in the insets. Average numbers of melanopsin-positive cells per retina are listed in each panel. Scale bars, 500 μm in bottom panel and 100 μm in its inset. ( E and F ) Representative tracks (left) and pooled data (right) of the OFT (E) and EPM (F) illustrating the loss of the light-induced (1000-lux, 25-min) anxiety-like behaviors in SAP-injected animals. * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01, Sidak’s multiple comparisons test; n = 7 to 9 in each group. All values are expressed as the means ± SEM.

Article Snippet: Cone and rod photoreceptors were probed with PNA (1:500; RL-1072-5, Vector, USA) and a rhodopsin antibody (1:500; MAB5356, Chemicon, USA), respectively, in retinal sections (20 μm), while ipRGCs and conventional RGCs were stained with a melanopsin antibody [1:10000; AB-N38 (UF008), Advanced Targeting Systems, USA] and a Brn3a antibody (1:1000; 31984, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, USA), respectively, in retinal whole mounts.

Techniques: Staining, Injection, Saline