Journal: Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology

Article Title: Vaginal Epithelium Transiently Harbours HIV-1 Facilitating Transmission

doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.634647

Figure Lengend Snippet: Expression of HIV-binding receptors across cell types – Primary vaginal epithelial cells, lymphocytes and monocytes, as also Vk2/E6E7 and TZM-bl (positive control for CD4, CCR5 and CXCR4 expression) cell lines were examined for their expression of HIV-specific receptors CD4, CCR5, CXCR4 and human mannose receptor (CD206) by flow cytometry. (A) Representative histograms showing the expression of CD4, CCR5, CD206 and CXCR4 across various cell types. Plots were generated using FlowJo version 10.6; stained samples (filled histograms) were superimposed on unstained controls (dotted clear histogram). (B) Data is represented as frequency of cells expressing the receptor (percentage positivity) in a minimum of three independent experiments for cell lines. Data for vaginal epithelial cells is obtained from vaginal swabs (n = 7) and for lymphocytes and monocytes is obtained by whole blood staining (n = 6). Bars indicate mean ± standard error for mean (SEM).

Article Snippet: TZM-bl cell line modified to express CD4 and co-receptors CCR5 and CXCR4, was obtained from the cell repository at National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India and cultured as reported earlier ( ).

Techniques: Expressing, Binding Assay, Positive Control, Flow Cytometry, Generated, Staining

Journal: Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology

Article Title: Vaginal Epithelium Transiently Harbours HIV-1 Facilitating Transmission

doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.634647

Figure Lengend Snippet: Trans-infection of T lymphocyte subsets – (A, B) Bar graphs showing p24 levels of supernatants recovered from T lymphocyte subsets, sorted based on expression of HIV-1 co-receptors CXCR4 and CCR5 (A) , AND integrin β7 and HIV-1 co-receptor CCR5 (B) following co-culture with virus-exposed Vk2/E6E7 cells. Dual-positive cells produced considerably higher p24 than cells singly positive for either receptor, highlighting the significance of this target cell-type in mucosal transmission. Results are representative of three independent experiments. Statistical comparisons were made using paired t test. (C) Detection of viral DNA in T lymphocyte subsets recovered post co-culture with SF162-exposed Vk2/E6E7 cell line by amplifying HIV-1 Env C2V3 region accompanied by β-actin controls.

Article Snippet: TZM-bl cell line modified to express CD4 and co-receptors CCR5 and CXCR4, was obtained from the cell repository at National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India and cultured as reported earlier ( ).

Techniques: Infection, Expressing, Co-Culture Assay, Virus, Produced, Transmission Assay

Journal: Molecules

Article Title: Mechanistic Insights into the Pharmacological Significance of Silymarin

doi: 10.3390/molecules27165327

Figure Lengend Snippet: Experimental anti-viral activity of silymarin.

Article Snippet: TZM-bl, PBMC and CEM cells , 40–324 μM , Inhibition of viral replication Reduction in CD4+, CD8+ and CD19+ T cell proliferation Blockage of activation markers on CD4+ T cells , [ ] .

Techniques: Activity Assay, Infection, Virus, Inhibition, Expressing, Gene Expression, Activation Assay, Protein-Protein interactions