Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Studies on the non-invasive anticancer remedy of the triple combination of epigallocatechin gallate, pulsed electric field, and ultrasound

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201920

Figure Lengend Snippet: The cell viability (24 h) was determined using MTT assay. (A) The HepG2 cells were triple treated with the EGCG (0 to 200 μM), 0.3 W/cm 2 US exposure (60 min), and consecutive 60 V/cm PEF for 24 h. The result revealed that the triple treatment could overcome the tolerance of cancer cells to EGCG and cause the death of HepG2 cells. (B) The triple treatment decreased the phosphorylation of Akt protein and increased the conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II in the HepG2 cells. The band intensities of LC3-II and LC3-I were quantified to calculate the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio. (C) The triple treatment triggered the activations of caspase-3 and PARP in the HepG2 cells. The cleaved PARP was quantified relative to the full-length PARP. β-actin was used as a loading control for each Western blot assay. (*** is used for P < 0.001).

Article Snippet: The human pancreatic cancer cell line PANC-1, the human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2, and the human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) were obtained from Bioresource Collection and Research Center (BCRC) (Hsinchu, Taiwan), and each STR-PCR profile for cell line authentication has been well recognized at BCRC.

Techniques: MTT Assay, Phospho-proteomics, Control, Western Blot

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Stimulated hepatic stellate cell promotes progression of hepatocellular carcinoma due to protein kinase R activation

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212589

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Proliferation assay was performed for assessing proliferation of HepG2 cells incubated by conditioning medium from LPS-stimulated or C16-treated LX-2 cells. Mean ± SEM of eight replicates. **P<0.05. (B) Scratch assay was performed for assessing proliferation of HepG2 cells incubated by conditioning medium from LPS-stimulated or C16-treated LX-2 cells. Scale bars represent 500 μm. Mean ± SEM of four replicates. **P<0.05. (C) Invasion assay was performed for assessing invasiveness of HepG2 was performed for assessing proliferation of HepG2 cells incubated by conditioning medium from LPS-stimulated or C16-treated LX-2 cells. Mean ± SEM of four replicates. **P<0.05.

Article Snippet: Cells of the human HCC cell line HepG2 (Japanese Collection of Research Bioresources, Osaka, Japan) were cultured with high glucose DMEM (Thermo Fisher Scientific) supplemented with 10% FBS and 1% penicillin and streptomycin.

Techniques: Proliferation Assay, Incubation, Wound Healing Assay, Invasion Assay

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Stimulated hepatic stellate cell promotes progression of hepatocellular carcinoma due to protein kinase R activation

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212589

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Protein expression of PKR and its phosphorylated form was determined by Western blotting. (B) Following stimulation of the LX-2 cells by palmitic acid, IL-1β mRNA levels were quantified by RT-PCR. Mean ± SEM of four replicates. **P<0.05. (C) The amount of IL-1β in LX-2 cells was measured by ELISA. Mean ± SEM of three replicates. **P<0.05. (D) Proliferation assay was performed for assessing proliferation of HepG2 cells incubated by conditioning medium from palmitic acid-stimulated or C16-treated LX-2 cells. Mean ± SEM of six replicates. **P<0.05. (E) Scratch assay was performed for assessing proliferation of HepG2 cells incubated by conditioning medium from palmitic acid-stimulated or C16-treated LX-2 cells. Scale bars represent 500 μm. Mean ± SEM of four replicates. **P<0.05.

Article Snippet: Cells of the human HCC cell line HepG2 (Japanese Collection of Research Bioresources, Osaka, Japan) were cultured with high glucose DMEM (Thermo Fisher Scientific) supplemented with 10% FBS and 1% penicillin and streptomycin.

Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot, Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Proliferation Assay, Incubation, Wound Healing Assay

Journal: The Journal of Biological Chemistry

Article Title: Hepatic management of toxic sterols after acute deletion of Cyp51 from cholesterol synthesis

doi: 10.1016/j.jbc.2026.111188

Figure Lengend Snippet: Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) representative images of the HepG2 CYP51 KO cell model ( right ) and its control HepG2 native cell line (left ). A and D , HepG2 native cell with a magnified region showing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria. B , C , and E , HepG2 CYP51 KO cell with magnified region showing ER, mitochondria, and a lipid droplet (LD). F , HepG2 CYP51 KO cell with LDs present both in the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Labels: N—nucleus ( blue ); M—mitochondrion ( green ); LD ( yellow ); and red arrowheads —ER. The scale bars represent 5 μm ( B ), 2 μm ( A , F ), 1 μm ( C ), and 500 nm ( D ).

Article Snippet: The HepG2 cell line, a human male liver cancer cell line (Synthego) with CRISPR–Cas9-mediated CYP51 deletion, and the native HepG2 cell line were obtained from Synthego with a certificate of authentication and a negative mycoplasma test.

Techniques: Transmission Assay, Electron Microscopy, Control

Journal: The Journal of Biological Chemistry

Article Title: Hepatic management of toxic sterols after acute deletion of Cyp51 from cholesterol synthesis

doi: 10.1016/j.jbc.2026.111188

Figure Lengend Snippet: Heatmap of sterol levels across different Cyp51 KO models compared with their respective controls. Each column represents one Cyp51 KO model (study references are shown in parentheses). Rows denote individual sterols, and color intensity reflects the approximate log 2 fold change (log 2 FC) values, estimated from published graphical data. The in vitro models ( left ) include HepG2 C YP 51 KO and our iLKO primary hepatocytes. The in vivo models ( right ) include our iLKO model and mouse Cyp51 LKO models of different ages (quantified sterols from liver tissue): 12 to 24 months , 6 weeks , and 19 weeks (also runt subgroup) . Data from our study are highlighted in bold . White cells indicate sterols that were not measured, not quantified, or not reported.

Article Snippet: The HepG2 cell line, a human male liver cancer cell line (Synthego) with CRISPR–Cas9-mediated CYP51 deletion, and the native HepG2 cell line were obtained from Synthego with a certificate of authentication and a negative mycoplasma test.

Techniques: In Vitro, In Vivo