Journal: Gastroenterology

Article Title: Loss of Trefoil Factor 2 From Pancreatic Duct Glands Promotes Formation of Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms in Mice

doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.07.045

Figure Lengend Snippet: PDG comprise the basal segment of SB-IPMN in humans. (A) The cyst walls of SB-IPMN demonstrate expansion and crowding of hyperplastic PDG (left) PDG are identified by MUC6 (green) and TFF2 (yellow). They are seen to fuse (asterisk) and open into the IPMN cyst wall (arrow). PDG are also found in the bottom layer/crypts between each papillary structure of IPMN (right). Scale Bars: 100 µm. (B) Quantification of TFF2 expression in IPMN (n=13) and PDAC (n=15). (C) Three different histologic patterns of PDG (arrow) within SB-IPMN. The hyperplastic phase (left), the cystic metaplasia phase (middle) and the papillary phase (right). Each PDG can be identified by its expression of TFF2, and Ki-67-positive proliferating cells are found in the PDG compartment (bottom). Scale Bars: 100 µm.

Article Snippet: Recombinant Human TFF2 protein from R&D Systems (catalogue # 8290-TF) and transfected in PANC-1 and Aspc-1 cells as per published report 26 .

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: Gastroenterology

Article Title: Loss of Trefoil Factor 2 From Pancreatic Duct Glands Promotes Formation of Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms in Mice

doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.07.045

Figure Lengend Snippet: Human IPMN are comprised of multiple PDG/IPMN units. The dotted frame outlines three PDG/IPMN units. (A, B, C) Proliferation (Ki-67; arrow) occurs in a narrow zone located between the TFF2-positive PDG and the overlying IPMN. Scale Bars: 50 µm (D) Within each PDG/IPMN unit, Ki-67-positive PDG cells and their overlying IPMN epithelia were isolated by LCM. Scale Bars: 50 µm (E) The D-loops of mitochondrial DNA reveal the same mutational profile (arrow) in each PDG/IPMN unit.

Article Snippet: Recombinant Human TFF2 protein from R&D Systems (catalogue # 8290-TF) and transfected in PANC-1 and Aspc-1 cells as per published report 26 .

Techniques: Isolation

Journal: Gastroenterology

Article Title: Loss of Trefoil Factor 2 From Pancreatic Duct Glands Promotes Formation of Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms in Mice

doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.07.045

Figure Lengend Snippet: Loss of TFF2 accelerates tumorization of KC mice. (A) While KC mice develop pseudopapillary lesions in the main pancreatic duct by 4 months, KC/TFF2KO mice show large papillary structures with increased PDG in both size and number (arrow) by 2 months. Scale Bars: 100 µm (B) Size, number and BrdU-positive PDG increase in both KC/TFF2+/− and KC/TFF2−/− mice (p<0.05). (C) Pseudo-papillary lesions in KC mice (left), low-grade papillary structure in KC/TFF2+/− mice (middle), high-grade papillary structure in KC/TFF2−/− mice (right). Scale Bars: 50 µm (D) Papillary structure in KC/TFF2−/− mice express gastric mucins MUC5AC and MUC6. BrdU is incorporated in PDG compartment. Scale Bars: 50 µm.

Article Snippet: Recombinant Human TFF2 protein from R&D Systems (catalogue # 8290-TF) and transfected in PANC-1 and Aspc-1 cells as per published report 26 .

Techniques:

Journal: Gastroenterology

Article Title: Loss of Trefoil Factor 2 From Pancreatic Duct Glands Promotes Formation of Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms in Mice

doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.07.045

Figure Lengend Snippet: Carcinogenesis in KC/TFF2KO mice at the age of 6 months. (A) While KC mice show only mPanIN-1 (left), KC/TFF2KO mice show mPanIN-2 (middle) and mPanIN-3 (right). Scale Bars: 200 µm (top) and 50 µm (bottom) (B) The PanIN-occupied area is significantly larger in TFF2-dificient mice (p<0.01). (C) A KC/TFF2+/− mice was found to have PDAC in the pancreatic head (top, arrowheads) with multiple liver (top, white arrows: bottom, left, black arrows) and lung metastases (bottom, right, black arrows). Scale Bars: 50 µm.

Article Snippet: Recombinant Human TFF2 protein from R&D Systems (catalogue # 8290-TF) and transfected in PANC-1 and Aspc-1 cells as per published report 26 .

Techniques:

Journal: Gastroenterology

Article Title: Loss of Trefoil Factor 2 From Pancreatic Duct Glands Promotes Formation of Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms in Mice

doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.07.045

Figure Lengend Snippet: TFF2 inhibits cell-proliferation via SMAD4 in vitro. (A) RNA expression of TFF2 in HPDE and cancer cell lines (Real-Time PCR). (B) Growth curve showing TFF2 dose-dependent inhibitory effects on proliferation. (C) Overexpression of TFF2 induced upregulation of SMAD4. (D) SMAD4 expression can be found in nuclei after the overexpression of TFF2. (E) Double-positive cells for TFF2 and BrdU can be found after the suppression of SMAD4. (F) The downregulation of proliferation by TFF2 can be restored by the SMAD4.

Article Snippet: Recombinant Human TFF2 protein from R&D Systems (catalogue # 8290-TF) and transfected in PANC-1 and Aspc-1 cells as per published report 26 .

Techniques: In Vitro, RNA Expression, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Over Expression, Expressing

Journal: Gastroenterology

Article Title: Loss of Trefoil Factor 2 From Pancreatic Duct Glands Promotes Formation of Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms in Mice

doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.07.045

Figure Lengend Snippet: TFF2 promoter methylation and SMAD4 regulation in vitro. (A) TFF2 promoter DNA methylation profiles of PANC-1 and Aspc-1 cells. Lymphocyte DNA and Sss1 methylated DNA are used as controls. (B) TFF2 gene is upregulated following the genomic demethylation by decitabine. (C) After treatment with decitabine, promoter methylation in all the 5 CpG sites was decreased. (D) Treatment with decitabine upregulated TFF2 and SMAD4 mRNA. However, siRNA-mediated knockdown of TFF2 abrogated the decitabine-mediated SMAD4 upregulation.

Article Snippet: Recombinant Human TFF2 protein from R&D Systems (catalogue # 8290-TF) and transfected in PANC-1 and Aspc-1 cells as per published report 26 .

Techniques: Methylation, In Vitro, DNA Methylation Assay, Knockdown