Journal: ACS infectious diseases

Article Title: Correlating Drug-Target Residence Time and Post-Antibiotic Effect: Insight into Target Vulnerability

doi: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00484

Figure Lengend Snippet: Residence time and cellular PAE values of the macrolide ribosome inhibitors

Article Snippet: Erythromycin was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich, azithromycin from TCI America, telithromycin from Gold biotechnology, spiramycin from Santa Cruz Biotech and tylosin from Alfa Aesar.

Techniques:

Journal: ACS infectious diseases

Article Title: Correlating Drug-Target Residence Time and Post-Antibiotic Effect: Insight into Target Vulnerability

doi: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00484

Figure Lengend Snippet: Input and output values of thermodynamic and kinetic parameters for the selected macrolides.

Article Snippet: Erythromycin was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich, azithromycin from TCI America, telithromycin from Gold biotechnology, spiramycin from Santa Cruz Biotech and tylosin from Alfa Aesar.

Techniques:

Journal: Cell Proliferation

Article Title: Direct inhibitory effect on viral entry of influenza A and SARS‐CoV‐2 viruses by azithromycin

doi: 10.1111/cpr.12953

Figure Lengend Snippet: AZ is identified as a potential inhibitor of IAV in vitro. A, The flow chart of IAV‐luc assay. B and C, The relative inhibitory rate of on IAV‐luc infection or cell viability in A549 cells treated with candidate drugs (10 μmol/L). D, The relative cell viability in A549 cells treated with AZ (0.03125‐320 μmol/L) for 72 h. E, The relative inhibitory rate of AZ (10 μmol/L), amantadine (10 μmol/L), oseltamivir (10 μmol/L) and ribavirin (10 μmol/L) on IAV‐luc infection in A549 cells. F, The relative inhibitory rate of AZ (10 μmol/L), erythromycin (10 μmol/L), roxithromycin (10 μmol/L), midecamycin (10 μmol/L), spiramycin (10 μmol/L), acetylspiramycin (10 μmol/L), clarithromycin (10 μmol/L) and dirithromycin (10 μmol/L) on IAV‐luc infection in A549 cells. G, The relative inhibitory rate of ethanol or AZ (2.5 or 5 μmol/L) on IAV‐luc infection in HEK 293T/Hela/A549 cells. H, The relative mRNA level of NP in A549 cells treated with ethanol or AZ (2, 10, 50 μmol/L) and infected with WSN (MOI = 0.001 or 0.01) for 12 h. Solvent was treated as Ctrl. I, The dose‐dependent relative inhibitory rate of AZ on WSN/H5N1/H7N9 pseudovirus infection in A549 cells. Solvent (Ethanol, DMSO or H 2 O) was treated as control (Ctrl). All results are representative of three replicate experiments. ns, no significant, * P < .05, ** P < .01, *** P < .001, **** P < .0001

Article Snippet: Oseltamivir, midecamycin, spiramycin, acetylspiramycin, clarithromycin, dirithromycin, tamoxifen, fluvastatin, fluoxetine and clemastine were obtained from MedChemExpress.

Techniques: In Vitro, Infection, Solvent, Control

Journal: Cell Proliferation

Article Title: Direct inhibitory effect on viral entry of influenza A and SARS‐CoV‐2 viruses by azithromycin

doi: 10.1111/cpr.12953

Figure Lengend Snippet: AZ has antiviral activity against SARS‐CoV‐2 pseudovirus in vitro. A, The infectivities of SARS‐CoV and SARS‐CoV‐2 pseudovirus in WT and human ACE2 stably expressed HEK293T cells. B, The relative inhibitory rate of AZ (10 μmol/L), erythromycin (10 μmol/L), roxithromycin (10 μmol/L), midecamycin (10 μmol/L), spiramycin (10 μmol/L), acetylspiramycin (10 μmol/L), clarithromycin (10 μmol/L), dirithromycin (10 μmol/L), chloroquine (CQ, 10 μmol/L) and NH 4 Cl (10 mmol/L) on SARS‐CoV‐2 pseudovirus infection in HEK293T‐ACE2 cells. C, The relative cell viability of HEK293T‐ACE2 cells treated with AZ (0.15625‐160 μmol/L) for 72 h. D‐G, The relative inhibitory rate on SARS‐CoV‐2, SARS‐CoV, VSV and Ebola pseudovirus infection in HEK293T‐ACE2 cells treated with AZ (0.625‐10 μmol/L). H, The relative inhibitory rate on SARS‐CoV‐2 pseudovirus infection in Caco2 cells treated with AZ (0.625‐10 μmol/L). I, The relative inhibitory rate on WT and mutant SARS‐CoV‐2 pseudovirus infection in HEK293T‐ACE2 cells treated with AZ (2 and 10 μmol/L). Solvent was treated as Ctrl. Experiments were repeated twice. ns, no significant, * P < .05, ** P < .01, *** P < .001, **** P < .0001

Article Snippet: Oseltamivir, midecamycin, spiramycin, acetylspiramycin, clarithromycin, dirithromycin, tamoxifen, fluvastatin, fluoxetine and clemastine were obtained from MedChemExpress.

Techniques: Activity Assay, In Vitro, Stable Transfection, Infection, Mutagenesis, Solvent

Journal: Cell Proliferation

Article Title: Direct inhibitory effect on viral entry of influenza A and SARS‐CoV‐2 viruses by azithromycin

doi: 10.1111/cpr.12953

Figure Lengend Snippet: AZ is identified as a potential inhibitor of IAV in vitro. A, The flow chart of IAV‐luc assay. B and C, The relative inhibitory rate of on IAV‐luc infection or cell viability in A549 cells treated with candidate drugs (10 μmol/L). D, The relative cell viability in A549 cells treated with AZ (0.03125‐320 μmol/L) for 72 h. E, The relative inhibitory rate of AZ (10 μmol/L), amantadine (10 μmol/L), oseltamivir (10 μmol/L) and ribavirin (10 μmol/L) on IAV‐luc infection in A549 cells. F, The relative inhibitory rate of AZ (10 μmol/L), erythromycin (10 μmol/L), roxithromycin (10 μmol/L), midecamycin (10 μmol/L), spiramycin (10 μmol/L), acetylspiramycin (10 μmol/L), clarithromycin (10 μmol/L) and dirithromycin (10 μmol/L) on IAV‐luc infection in A549 cells. G, The relative inhibitory rate of ethanol or AZ (2.5 or 5 μmol/L) on IAV‐luc infection in HEK 293T/Hela/A549 cells. H, The relative mRNA level of NP in A549 cells treated with ethanol or AZ (2, 10, 50 μmol/L) and infected with WSN (MOI = 0.001 or 0.01) for 12 h. Solvent was treated as Ctrl. I, The dose‐dependent relative inhibitory rate of AZ on WSN/H5N1/H7N9 pseudovirus infection in A549 cells. Solvent (Ethanol, DMSO or H 2 O) was treated as control (Ctrl). All results are representative of three replicate experiments. ns, no significant, * P < .05, ** P < .01, *** P < .001, **** P < .0001

Article Snippet: Oseltamivir, midecamycin, spiramycin, acetylspiramycin, clarithromycin, dirithromycin, tamoxifen, fluvastatin, fluoxetine and clemastine were obtained from MedChemExpress.

Techniques: In Vitro, Infection, Solvent, Control

Journal: Cell Proliferation

Article Title: Direct inhibitory effect on viral entry of influenza A and SARS‐CoV‐2 viruses by azithromycin

doi: 10.1111/cpr.12953

Figure Lengend Snippet: AZ has antiviral activity against SARS‐CoV‐2 pseudovirus in vitro. A, The infectivities of SARS‐CoV and SARS‐CoV‐2 pseudovirus in WT and human ACE2 stably expressed HEK293T cells. B, The relative inhibitory rate of AZ (10 μmol/L), erythromycin (10 μmol/L), roxithromycin (10 μmol/L), midecamycin (10 μmol/L), spiramycin (10 μmol/L), acetylspiramycin (10 μmol/L), clarithromycin (10 μmol/L), dirithromycin (10 μmol/L), chloroquine (CQ, 10 μmol/L) and NH 4 Cl (10 mmol/L) on SARS‐CoV‐2 pseudovirus infection in HEK293T‐ACE2 cells. C, The relative cell viability of HEK293T‐ACE2 cells treated with AZ (0.15625‐160 μmol/L) for 72 h. D‐G, The relative inhibitory rate on SARS‐CoV‐2, SARS‐CoV, VSV and Ebola pseudovirus infection in HEK293T‐ACE2 cells treated with AZ (0.625‐10 μmol/L). H, The relative inhibitory rate on SARS‐CoV‐2 pseudovirus infection in Caco2 cells treated with AZ (0.625‐10 μmol/L). I, The relative inhibitory rate on WT and mutant SARS‐CoV‐2 pseudovirus infection in HEK293T‐ACE2 cells treated with AZ (2 and 10 μmol/L). Solvent was treated as Ctrl. Experiments were repeated twice. ns, no significant, * P < .05, ** P < .01, *** P < .001, **** P < .0001

Article Snippet: Oseltamivir, midecamycin, spiramycin, acetylspiramycin, clarithromycin, dirithromycin, tamoxifen, fluvastatin, fluoxetine and clemastine were obtained from MedChemExpress.

Techniques: Activity Assay, In Vitro, Stable Transfection, Infection, Mutagenesis, Solvent

Journal: Current Pediatrics Reports

Article Title: Building Programs to Eradicate Toxoplasmosis Part I: Introduction and Overview

doi: 10.1007/s40124-022-00269-w

Figure Lengend Snippet: Representative Illustrative Cases During COVID-19 Pandemic Presenting to Toxoplasmosis Research Institute and Center for Patient Care

Article Snippet: RMcLeod was reimbursed for time in performing a literature review concerning Spiramycin by Sanofi Pasteur in accordance with Sunshine laws.

Techniques: Infection, Activity Assay

Journal: Current Pediatrics Reports

Article Title: Building Programs to Eradicate Toxoplasmosis Part I: Introduction and Overview

doi: 10.1007/s40124-022-00269-w

Figure Lengend Snippet: Guidelines from Educational Book Chapters Based on NCCCTS, Toxoplasmosis Research Institute and Center First- Hand Experience and Review of Literature as an Educational Tool, Along with Presentations and Press Releases which Led to News Media Public Service Presentations by Others

Article Snippet: RMcLeod was reimbursed for time in performing a literature review concerning Spiramycin by Sanofi Pasteur in accordance with Sunshine laws.

Techniques: Infection, Isolation, Activity Assay