Journal: BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Article Title: Immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharides isolated from Clerodendrum splendens : Beneficial effects in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-149

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of TLR4 antagonist LPS-RS on TNF production by monocyte/macrophages activated with Clerodendrum polysaccharide fraction CSP-AU1. Human PBMCs (Panel A ) or MonoMac-6 cells (Panel B ) were pretreated with indicated concentrations LPS-RS for 30 min, followed by treatment with media (negative control, ●), CSP-AU1 (250 μg/ml, ○), or LPS (200 ng/ml, □) for 24 hr, and extracellular TNF was quantified by ELISA. Values are the mean ± S.D. of triplicate samples from one experiment, which is representative of three independent experiments. Statistically significant differences (* p<0.05) between PBS-treated cells and cells treated with the indicated concentrations of LPS-RS plus fraction CSP-AU1 or LPS are indicated.

Article Snippet: Where indicated, PBMCs were pretreated with or without TLR4 antagonist LPS-RS (LPS from Rhodobacter sphaeroides ; Invivogen, San Diego, CA) for 30 min, followed by treatment with or without polysaccharide sub-fraction CSP-AU1 , LPS, or 200 nM of phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) for 24 hr, and TNF levels were evaluated in cell supernatants using an ELISA kit.

Techniques: Negative Control, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay