Journal: Asian Journal of Andrology

Article Title: Decreased AKAP4/PKA signaling pathway in high DFI sperm affects sperm capacitation

doi: 10.4103/aja202329

Figure Lengend Snippet: The DNA sequences of target gene

Article Snippet: SPA17 rabbit polyclonal antibody, phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-AKT) rabbit polyclonal antibody, and AKT rabbit polyclonal antibody were purchased from Proteintech (Rosemont, CA, USA).

Techniques:

Journal: Asian Journal of Andrology

Article Title: Decreased AKAP4/PKA signaling pathway in high DFI sperm affects sperm capacitation

doi: 10.4103/aja202329

Figure Lengend Snippet: Relative expression of HSPA2, PCNA, SPA17 protein in the L-DFI and H-DFI groups. ( a ) Western blot analysis and ( b ) densitometric ratio histogram of HSPA2, PCNA and SPA17 with 4 semen samples of L-DFI (L-1 to L-4) and H-DFI (H-1 to H-4) groups each. Western blot analysis of SPA17 with 4 semen samples of L-DFI and H-DFI groups each, ( c ) L-9 to L-12, and H-9 to H-12, and ( d ) L-5 to L-8, and H-5 to H-8 in the L-DFI and H-DFI groups. We selected 12 semen samples in the L-DFI (L-1 to L-12) and H-DFI (H-1 to H-12) groups each. ** P < 0.01. Data is presented as mean ± standard deviation. HSPA2: heat shock protein A2; PCNA: proliferating cell nuclear antigen; SPA17: sperm protein antigen 17; H-DFI: high sperm DNA fragmentation index; L-DFI: low sperm DNA fragmentation index; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.

Article Snippet: SPA17 rabbit polyclonal antibody, phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-AKT) rabbit polyclonal antibody, and AKT rabbit polyclonal antibody were purchased from Proteintech (Rosemont, CA, USA).

Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot, Standard Deviation

Journal: Asian Journal of Andrology

Article Title: Decreased AKAP4/PKA signaling pathway in high DFI sperm affects sperm capacitation

doi: 10.4103/aja202329

Figure Lengend Snippet: Relative expressions of PKA-associated protein in L-DFI and H-DFI groups. Western blot analysis of PKA-associated protein ( a ) with 3 semen samples of L-DFI (L-13 to L-15) and H-DFI (H-13 to H-15) groups, respectively, and ( b ) with 4 semen samples of L-DFI (L-15 to L-19) and H-DFI (H-15 to H-19) groups, respectively. Histograms demonstrated the densitometric ratio of ( c ) PKARII, ( d ) AKAP4, ( e ) SPA17, ( f ) PI3K, ( g ) p-AKT, ( h ) AKT, and ( i ) p-ERK in L-DFI and H-DFI groups. We selected 7 semen samples in the L-DFI (L-13 to L-19) and H-DFI (H-13 to H-19) groups, respectively. * P < 0.05. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. PKA: protein kinase A; AKAP: a-kinase anchoring proteins; PI3K: phosphoInositide-3 kinase; AKT: protein kinase B; p-AKT: phosphorylated protein kinase B; p-ERK: extracellular signal-regulated kinase of phosphorylation; H-DFI: high sperm DNA fragmentation index; L-DFI: low sperm DNA fragmentation index; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.

Article Snippet: SPA17 rabbit polyclonal antibody, phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-AKT) rabbit polyclonal antibody, and AKT rabbit polyclonal antibody were purchased from Proteintech (Rosemont, CA, USA).

Techniques: Western Blot, Standard Deviation, Phospho-proteomics

Journal: Asian Journal of Andrology

Article Title: Decreased AKAP4/PKA signaling pathway in high DFI sperm affects sperm capacitation

doi: 10.4103/aja202329

Figure Lengend Snippet: The protein expression of SPA17, AKAP4 and PKARII after H 2 O 2 treatment of semen from the L-DFI group. Western blot analysis of SPA17, AKAP4 and PKARII ( a ) after 20 µmol l −1 and 40 µmol l −1 H 2 O 2 treatment, and ( b ) after 40 µmol l −1 and 80 µmol l −1 H 2 O 2 treatment. Histograms demonstrated the densitometric ratio of ( c ) AKAP4, ( d ) PKARII, and ( e ) SPA17. * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001; **** P < 0.0001. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. SPA17: sperm protein antigen 17; PKA: protein kinase A; AKAP: A-kinase anchoring proteins; L-DFI: low sperm DNA fragmentation index; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.

Article Snippet: SPA17 rabbit polyclonal antibody, phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-AKT) rabbit polyclonal antibody, and AKT rabbit polyclonal antibody were purchased from Proteintech (Rosemont, CA, USA).

Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot, Standard Deviation

Journal: Ecotoxicology and environmental safety

Article Title: Microcystin leucine arginine induces human sperm damage: Involvement of the Ca 2+ /CaMKKβ/AMPK pathway.

doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114845

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 5. Effect of MC-LR exposure on human sperm flagellum A. The “9 + 2′′ structure of the sperm flagellum was observed using transmission electron microscopy. Red arrows: the CMs was asymmetrically distributed. Green arrows: the MDs were off to one side. Yellow arrows: the MDs were absent. B. The mRNA levels of SPAG16, SPAG6, CFAP44, DNAH17, and SPEF2 were measured by RT-qPCR. C and D. The location of DNAH17 and SPEF2 proteins in sperm were assessed using Immunofluorescence. E and F: The expression levels of sperm flagellum-associated proteins SPAG16, SPAG6, and CFAP44 were detected using Western blotting. The internal reference protein is GAPDH. All exposure times were chosen to be 6 h. * represented statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) compared to the control group in the same period.

Article Snippet: The antibodies of SPAG16, SPAG6, DNAH17, and GAPDH were obtained from Proteintech Co., ltd (Wuhan, China).

Techniques: Transmission Assay, Electron Microscopy, Quantitative RT-PCR, Immunofluorescence, Expressing, Western Blot, Control

Journal: Ecotoxicology and environmental safety

Article Title: Microcystin leucine arginine induces human sperm damage: Involvement of the Ca 2+ /CaMKKβ/AMPK pathway.

doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114845

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 7. Possible mechanism of MC-LR-caused sperm dysfunction and flagellar structural damage through the Ca2þ/CaMKKβ/AMPK pathway. After entering human sperm, MC-LR inhibits the phosphorylation of CaMKK by reducing the concentration of calcium ions in the sperm, further resulting in a decrease in the phosphorylation of AMPK. The inhibition of the Ca2+/CaMKKβ/ AMPK pathway reduces flagellar structural proteins (CFAP44, DNAH17, SPEG2 and SPAG6/16) and decreases viability, motility and capacitation of human sperm.

Article Snippet: The antibodies of SPAG16, SPAG6, DNAH17, and GAPDH were obtained from Proteintech Co., ltd (Wuhan, China).

Techniques: Phospho-proteomics, Concentration Assay, Inhibition

Journal: Cell Death & Disease

Article Title: DJ-1 counteracts Caveolin-1-mediated necroptosis to inhibit epithelial barrier dysfunction in colitis

doi: 10.1038/s41419-025-07989-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: A Representative IHC analysis of DJ-1 expression in colonic tissue samples from healthy controls and patients with UC or CD (magnification ×200; scale bar = 50 µm). B Statistical analysis of DJ-1 expression in the healthy controls ( n = 13), patients with UC ( n = 10) or CD ( n = 11). C Correlation analysis of the CAV1 and DJ-1 IHC staining IOD/area score is shown ( n = 36). D HCT116 cells were infected with a FLAG-tagged CAV1 overexpression plasmid or the empty vector (vehicle), and total FLAG-tagged CAV1 was immunoprecipitated. E Endogenous co-IP: HEK-293 cell lysates were immunoprecipitated with anti–DJ-1 or control IgG antibodies. F Endogenous co-IP: HT29 cell lysates were immunoprecipitated with anti–DJ-1 or control IgG antibodies. G Representative images of immunofluorescence staining of IBD human colon sections (DJ-1: green, CAV1: red, DAPI nuclear: blue, magnification ×600). H Western blot analysis of colonic CAV1 protein levels in the WT and DJ-1 KO mice with DSS-induced colitis. I Quantitative analysis of the above CAV1 protein levels ( n = 4). J HEK293 cells infected with FLAG-tagged CAV1, HA-tagged DJ-1 plasmid and empty vector were stimulated with 100 ng/ml TNF-α and 25 µM zVAD-fmk for 24 h and then treated with MG132 (25 µM, I) for another 6 h. All data are the means ± SD. * p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001, two-tailed.

Article Snippet: For the necroptosis inhibition experiments, WT and DJ-1 KO mice were treated with 2 mg/mL GSK’872 (MCE, USA) every two days or 1 mg/mL GW806742X (MCE, USA) each day by intraperitoneal injection under a 7-day DSS administration.

Techniques: Expressing, Immunohistochemistry, Infection, Over Expression, Plasmid Preparation, Immunoprecipitation, Co-Immunoprecipitation Assay, Control, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Western Blot, Two Tailed Test

Journal: Cell Death & Disease

Article Title: DJ-1 counteracts Caveolin-1-mediated necroptosis to inhibit epithelial barrier dysfunction in colitis

doi: 10.1038/s41419-025-07989-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: WT, DJ-1 KO, CAV1 KO and DKO mice were treated with DSS for 7 days. WT NC = 5, WT DSS = 12, DJ-1 KO DSS = 12, CAV1 KO DSS = 6, DKO DSS = 5. Body weight change ( A ), survival rates ( B ) and the disease activity index ( C ) were monitored daily. D Mouse colon lengths were measured after sacrifice. E Intestinal permeability was evaluated by measuring the concentration of FITC-dextran in the blood serum. Histological scores ( F ) were determined in a double-blinded manner, and the histological analysis of colon tissue samples is shown ( G ) (upper: magnification ×100; scale bar = 100 µm, lower: magnification ×400; scale bar = 20 µm). H Quantitative PCR analysis was used to assess cytokine and chemokine production in whole-colon homogenates. DAI scores and inflammation scores are expressed as median and IQR. Other All data are the means ± SD. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001, ns no significant, two-tailed.

Article Snippet: For the necroptosis inhibition experiments, WT and DJ-1 KO mice were treated with 2 mg/mL GSK’872 (MCE, USA) every two days or 1 mg/mL GW806742X (MCE, USA) each day by intraperitoneal injection under a 7-day DSS administration.

Techniques: Activity Assay, Permeability, Concentration Assay, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Two Tailed Test

Journal: Cell Death & Disease

Article Title: DJ-1 counteracts Caveolin-1-mediated necroptosis to inhibit epithelial barrier dysfunction in colitis

doi: 10.1038/s41419-025-07989-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: A Representative IHC analysis of p-RIPK1 expression in colonic tissue samples (IHC upper: magnification ×100；scale bar = 100 µm, lower: magnification ×400；scale bar = 20 µm). B Quantification of IHC analysis of p-RIPK1 (WT NC = 5, WT DSS = 6, DJ-1 KO DSS = 7, CAV1 KO DSS = 4, DKO DSS = 5) expression. C Western blotting was used to analyze CAV1, DJ-1 and necroptosis signaling pathway molecule protein levels in colon tissue samples from the mice treated as described above. D Intestinal organoids from the WT, DJ-1 KO, CAV1 KO and DKO mice treated as indicated with the combination of TNF-α (100 ng/ml) and zVAD-fmk (25 µM) (TZ), or TZ+ necrostatin-1 (Nec-1, 30 µM) for 12 h and stained with PI (red) for 24 h (magnification ×200；scale bar = 50 µm). E Quantification of PI intensities. n = 12 organoids from 3 mice per group. F DJ-1 and CAV1 expression were knocked down in HCT116 cells, and the cells were stimulated with TZ for 24 h. G Western blot analysis of DJ-1 and CAV1 overexpression in the TZ-stimulated HCT116 cells. All data are the means ± SD. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001, two-tailed.

Article Snippet: For the necroptosis inhibition experiments, WT and DJ-1 KO mice were treated with 2 mg/mL GSK’872 (MCE, USA) every two days or 1 mg/mL GW806742X (MCE, USA) each day by intraperitoneal injection under a 7-day DSS administration.

Techniques: Paraffin-embedded Immunohistochemistry, Expressing, Western Blot, Staining, Over Expression, Two Tailed Test

Journal: Cell Death & Disease

Article Title: DJ-1 counteracts Caveolin-1-mediated necroptosis to inhibit epithelial barrier dysfunction in colitis

doi: 10.1038/s41419-025-07989-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: WT and DJ-1 KO mice were treated with 2 mg/ml GSK’872 every two days by intraperitoneal injection after 7 days of DSS administration. WT DSS = 7, WT DSS + GSK’872 = 9, DJ-1 KO DSS = 7, DJ-1 KO DSS + GSK’872 = 6. Body weight change ( A ), survival rates ( B ) and the DAI scores ( C ) were scored daily. Mice were sacrificed on Day 7, and colon lengths ( D ) were measured. E HE staining in colon tissue samples from the WT and DJ-1 KO mice is shown (magnification ×100; scale bar=100 µm). F Semiquantitative histopathological scoring was performed. G Quantitative PCR analysis of cytokines and chemokines in colons from the WT and DJ-1 KO DSS-treated mice. The WT and DJ-1 KO mice were treated with 1 mg/ml GW806742X (GW) for each day by intraperitoneal injection under a 7-day DSS administration. WT DSS = 5; WT DSS + GW = 7; DJ-1 KO + GW = 7. Body weight change ( H ), survival rates ( I ) and DAI scores ( J ) were scored daily. Colon lengths ( K ) were measured. H&E staining ( L ) in colon tissue samples is shown, and semiquantitative scoring of histopathology ( M ) was performed (upper: magnification ×40; scale bar = 500 µm, lower: magnification ×100; scale bar=200 µm). N Quantitative PCR analysis of cytokines and chemokines in colons. DAI scores and inflammation scores are expressed as median and IQR. Other All data are the means ± SD. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001, two-tailed.

Article Snippet: For the necroptosis inhibition experiments, WT and DJ-1 KO mice were treated with 2 mg/mL GSK’872 (MCE, USA) every two days or 1 mg/mL GW806742X (MCE, USA) each day by intraperitoneal injection under a 7-day DSS administration.

Techniques: Injection, Staining, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Histopathology, Two Tailed Test

Journal: Annals of Diagnostic Pathology

Article Title: The differential immune response in mild versus fatal SARS-CoV2 infection ☆

doi: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2022.152032

Figure Lengend Snippet: Viral findings in mild versus severe SARS-CoV2 infection. The control lungs showed no viral protein or RNA (panel A) whereas the lung tissue from someone who died of COVID-19 showed high viral RNA (panel B) and the spike protein subunit 2 (panel C) in the same alveolar wall distribution. Similarly, note the absence of the viral spike protein in the uninfected nasopharynx swab (panel D) and the strong signal for spike subunit 1 (panel E) and spike subunit 2 proteins (panel F) in glandular cells from a person with mild disease. NP – nasopharyngeal, NL – normal control, and the signal is brown due to DAB with hematoxylin counterstain. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)

Article Snippet: SARS-CoV2 specific antibodies against nucleocapsid (catalogue #9099), spike subunit 1 (#9083), and spike subunit 2 (#9123) were from ProSci (Poway, CA).

Techniques: Infection, Control

Journal: Annals of Diagnostic Pathology

Article Title: The differential immune response in mild versus fatal SARS-CoV2 infection ☆

doi: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2022.152032

Figure Lengend Snippet: Compilation of the immune response to mild infection in the nasopharyngeal swabs. a

Article Snippet: SARS-CoV2 specific antibodies against nucleocapsid (catalogue #9099), spike subunit 1 (#9083), and spike subunit 2 (#9123) were from ProSci (Poway, CA).

Techniques: Infection

Journal: Annals of Diagnostic Pathology

Article Title: The differential immune response in mild versus fatal SARS-CoV2 infection ☆

doi: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2022.152032

Figure Lengend Snippet: Compilation of the immune response to fatal infection in the COVID-lungs. a

Article Snippet: SARS-CoV2 specific antibodies against nucleocapsid (catalogue #9099), spike subunit 1 (#9083), and spike subunit 2 (#9123) were from ProSci (Poway, CA).

Techniques: Infection, Virus

Journal: Annals of Diagnostic Pathology

Article Title: The differential immune response in mild versus fatal SARS-CoV2 infection ☆

doi: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2022.152032

Figure Lengend Snippet: Immune response in mild versus fatal SARS-CoV2 infection. The figure shows a graphic representation of the fold changes from baseline in the nasopharyngeal swabs positive for SARS-CoV2 (blue columns) as well as the lung tissues from fatal COVID-19 that either had very high copy SARS-CoV2 (orange columns) or were not associated with SARS-CoV2 infection (gray columns). (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)

Article Snippet: SARS-CoV2 specific antibodies against nucleocapsid (catalogue #9099), spike subunit 1 (#9083), and spike subunit 2 (#9123) were from ProSci (Poway, CA).

Techniques: Infection

Journal: Annals of Diagnostic Pathology

Article Title: The differential immune response in mild versus fatal SARS-CoV2 infection ☆

doi: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2022.152032

Figure Lengend Snippet: In situ demonstration of the immune response in mild versus fatal SARS-CoV2 infection. Note the absence of a CD3 response in the uninfected nasopharynx swab (panel A) and the strong infiltration by these cells in an infected swab from a person with mild disease (panel B). Similarly, the control nasopharynx sample shows no PDL1 expression (panel C) whereas the infected nasopharynx shows a strong PDL1 response (panel D). Note that the lung from a fatal COVID-19 case not associated with viral infection did show a strong CD8 response (panel E) whereas this lung tissue from someone who died of COVID-19 that was strongly positive for SARS-CoV2 did not show a CD8 response (panel F). The control lungs showed a very weak PDL1 signal (panel G) whereas the COVID-19 lungs with high viral copy number did show strong PDL1 expression (panel H). NP – nasopharyngeal, NL – normal control, and the signal is brown due to DAB with hematoxylin counterstain. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)

Article Snippet: SARS-CoV2 specific antibodies against nucleocapsid (catalogue #9099), spike subunit 1 (#9083), and spike subunit 2 (#9123) were from ProSci (Poway, CA).

Techniques: In Situ, Infection, Control, Expressing

Journal: Annals of Diagnostic Pathology

Article Title: The differential immune response in mild versus fatal SARS-CoV2 infection ☆

doi: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2022.152032

Figure Lengend Snippet: In situ demonstration of the clotting and complement activation in the fatal COVID-19 lungs. Note the absence of complement component 6 in the normal lung (panel A) as well as the lung from a fatal COVID-19 case that did not contain detectable SARS-CoV2 RNA (panel B). Panel C shows that the signal for complement component 6 in the COVID-19 lung tissue associated with high SARS-CoV2 copy number localizes only to the alveolar septa (arrows) which also shows a strong signal for fibrinogen (panel D); no signal is evident in the small vessels (oval). Panel E shows the lack of signal for CD41 in the normal lung controls. In comparison, note the CD41+ platelet aggregates in the small vessels in a lung from a person who died of COVID-19 associated with high viral copy number (panel F) as well as from the same lung that was not associated with SARS-CoV2 infection (panel G). However, note that the CD41 signal localizes only to the alveolar septa in the lung with high copy SARS-CoV2 (arrow, panel F). Co-localization of CD41 (fluorescent red) with SARS-CoV2 RNA (fluorescent green) documents that CD41 strongly co-expressed with the viral RNA in the lung samples with high copy viral RNA (seen as fluorescent yellow, panel H). NL – normal control, and the signal in panels A–D is brown due to DAB and fast red in panels E–G with hematoxylin counterstain. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)

Article Snippet: SARS-CoV2 specific antibodies against nucleocapsid (catalogue #9099), spike subunit 1 (#9083), and spike subunit 2 (#9123) were from ProSci (Poway, CA).

Techniques: In Situ, Coagulation, Activation Assay, Comparison, Infection, Control

Journal: Annals of Diagnostic Pathology

Article Title: The differential immune response in mild versus fatal SARS-CoV2 infection ☆

doi: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2022.152032

Figure Lengend Snippet: Correlation of the H&E findings with the viral load in fatal COVID-19. The figure shows a graphic representation of the histologic findings in the lung tissues from people who died of COVID-19 where there was high viral copy number (orange columns) and those not associated with direct SARS-CoV2 infection (blue columns). (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)

Article Snippet: SARS-CoV2 specific antibodies against nucleocapsid (catalogue #9099), spike subunit 1 (#9083), and spike subunit 2 (#9123) were from ProSci (Poway, CA).

Techniques: Infection

Journal: Annals of Diagnostic Pathology

Article Title: The differential immune response in mild versus fatal SARS-CoV2 infection ☆

doi: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2022.152032

Figure Lengend Snippet: H&E findings of mild versus fatal SARS-CoV2 infection. Panels A–C compare the cytologic findings in the normal nasopharynx (panel A) and mild infection (panel B); note that the glandular cells show degenerative changes that is highlighted with the EMA immunohistochemistry test (panel C). Panels D–F show successively high magnifications in a lung from a person who died of COVID-19 in which viral RNA was not evident; note the presence of extensive organizing pneumonia with scattered chronic inflammatory infiltrates. Panels G-I show successively high magnifications in a lung from a person who died of COVID-19 with high copy viral RNA; note the diffuse alveolar damage characterized by hyaline membrane formation, hemorrhage, and destruction of lining pneumocytes.

Article Snippet: SARS-CoV2 specific antibodies against nucleocapsid (catalogue #9099), spike subunit 1 (#9083), and spike subunit 2 (#9123) were from ProSci (Poway, CA).

Techniques: Infection, Immunohistochemistry, Membrane

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Two Spag6 genes control sperm formation and male fertility in mice

doi: 10.1101/2025.07.18.665465

Figure Lengend Snippet: (a) Examination of testicular AKAP4 levels. Left: a representative Western blot result; right: quantitative analysis of AKAP4. In the Spag6 +/+ ; Spag6l −/− and Spag6 −/− ; Spag6l +/− mice, the processed 84 kDa AKAP4 levels were significantly reduced. Data are expressed as means ± SD (n = 4). *** P < 0.001 compared with the Spag6 +/+ ; Spag6l +/+ mice. (b) Examination of testicular SPAG16 levels. Left: a representative Western blot result; right: quantitative analysis of SPAG16. Like in the Spag6 +/+ ; Spag6l −/− mice, the 71 kDa SPAG16 level was significantly reduced in the Spag6 −/− ; Spag6l +/− mice. Data are expressed as means ± SD (n = 4). * P < 0.05 compared with the Spag6 +/+ ; Spag6l +/+ mice.

Article Snippet: After blocking in TBS-T buffer (20 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.4, 0.15 M NaCl, 5% non-fat dry and 0.1% Tween-20) for 1 h, the membrane was incubated with indicated antibodies: SPINK2 (1:1000, GeneTex, GTX32051); Acetyl-tubulin (1:5000, Proteintech, 66200-1-Ig); SPAG16 (#3204, 1:2000, generated by our own laboratory); AKAP4 (1:4000, a gift from Dr George Gerton at University of Pennsylvania); β-actin (1:20000, Proteintech, 66009-1-Ig) at 4°C overnight.

Techniques: Western Blot