Journal: The Journal of investigative dermatology

Article Title: IL-32 Supports the Survival of Malignant T Cells in Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma.

doi: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.01.009

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 2. IL-32 induces CD14D APC that support malignant T-cell survival. (a) Survival of purified T cells versus PBMC from a patient with stage IV CTCL after culture with IL-32 and submitogenic IL-2. (b) IL-32b supported the survival of malignant and benign T cells and CD14þ myeloid cells. Five additional donors showed similar results. (c, d) HTS confirmed the persistence of malignant T cell TCRs in culture. (e) IL-32b enhanced the survival of benign and malignant T cells. (f, g) IL-32b induced the formation of large, activated CD14þ T cells. Similar results were observed in five additional donors. (h) The number of surviving malignant T cells was directly proportional to the number of IL-32beinduced large CD14þ cells. (i) IL-32b enhanced malignant T-cell survival by reducing apoptosis (detected by SYTOX Green). APC, antigen-presenting cell; cyt, cytokine; HTS, high throughput TCR sequencing.

Article Snippet: A total of 300,000e1,000,000 cells in 200 ml per well were cultured in round-bottom 96-well plates in the presence or absence of IL-2 (25 IU/ml, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD), IL-32a (25 ng/ml; number 3040-IL-050, R&D Systems), IL-32b (25 ng/ml; number 6769-IL-025, R&D Systems), or IL-32g (25 ng/ml; number 4690-IL-025/CF, R&D Systems).

Techniques: High Throughput Screening Assay, Sequencing

Journal: International journal of antimicrobial agents

Article Title: Antivirulence activity of auranofin against vancomycin-resistant enterococci: in vitro and in vivo studies

doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2019.10.009

Figure Lengend Snippet: Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC, µg/mL) of auranofin and linezolid against clinical isolates of vancomycin-resistant E. faecium and E. faecalis at standard and high inocula.

Article Snippet: Auranofin, linezolid (Chem-Impex International, Wood Dale, IL, USA) and vancomycin hydrochloride (Gold Biotechnology, St. Louis, MO, USA) were purchased from commercial vendors.

Techniques: Concentration Assay

Journal: International journal of antimicrobial agents

Article Title: Antivirulence activity of auranofin against vancomycin-resistant enterococci: in vitro and in vivo studies

doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2019.10.009

Figure Lengend Snippet: Time-kill kinetics assay of auranofin and linezolid against stationary phase vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium NR-31909. Bacteria were incubated with test agents, and samples were collected at 0,12- and 24-h incubation period. The error bars represent standard deviation values obtained from triplicate samples used for each agent studied. (*) represents significant difference from 0 time. # represents significant difference from linezolid (*, # P < 0.05). Data were analyzed with two way ANOVA with post hoc Dunnet’s test.

Article Snippet: Auranofin, linezolid (Chem-Impex International, Wood Dale, IL, USA) and vancomycin hydrochloride (Gold Biotechnology, St. Louis, MO, USA) were purchased from commercial vendors.

Techniques: Incubation, Standard Deviation

Journal: International journal of antimicrobial agents

Article Title: Antivirulence activity of auranofin against vancomycin-resistant enterococci: in vitro and in vivo studies

doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2019.10.009

Figure Lengend Snippet: Total protease inhibition activity of auranofin and linezolid against vancomycin-resistant E. faecium NR-31909. Data are presented as percent protease production of each drug (tested in sexruplicate). TSB with skim milk served as a negative control. Data were analyzed via unpaired Student t test (p<0.05). Auranofin was compared to untreated (*) and to linezolid (#).

Article Snippet: Auranofin, linezolid (Chem-Impex International, Wood Dale, IL, USA) and vancomycin hydrochloride (Gold Biotechnology, St. Louis, MO, USA) were purchased from commercial vendors.

Techniques: Inhibition, Activity Assay, Negative Control

Journal: International journal of antimicrobial agents

Article Title: Antivirulence activity of auranofin against vancomycin-resistant enterococci: in vitro and in vivo studies

doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2019.10.009

Figure Lengend Snippet: Lipase inhibition activity of auranofin and linezolid against vancomycin-resistant E. faecium NR-31909. Data are presented as percent lipase production in presence of each drug (tested in sexruplicate). TSB with egg yolk emulsion served as a negative control. Data were analyzed via unpaired Student t test (p<0.05). Auranofin was compared to untreated (*) and to linezolid (#).

Article Snippet: Auranofin, linezolid (Chem-Impex International, Wood Dale, IL, USA) and vancomycin hydrochloride (Gold Biotechnology, St. Louis, MO, USA) were purchased from commercial vendors.

Techniques: Inhibition, Activity Assay, Negative Control

Journal: International journal of antimicrobial agents

Article Title: Antivirulence activity of auranofin against vancomycin-resistant enterococci: in vitro and in vivo studies

doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2019.10.009

Figure Lengend Snippet: Hemagglutination inhibitory activities of auranofin and linezolid against E. faecalis NR-31909. Sub-inhibitory concentrations (starting from 0.5 µg/mL to 0.015 µg/mL) of the drugs were added with bacterial supernatant and RBCs, and then incubated for 1 hour at 37 °C. Positive hemagglutination inhibition results appear as dots in the center of round-bottomed plates. Negative hemagglutination inhibition results appear as a uniform reddish color across the well.

Article Snippet: Auranofin, linezolid (Chem-Impex International, Wood Dale, IL, USA) and vancomycin hydrochloride (Gold Biotechnology, St. Louis, MO, USA) were purchased from commercial vendors.

Techniques: Incubation, HI Assay

Journal: International journal of antimicrobial agents

Article Title: Antivirulence activity of auranofin against vancomycin-resistant enterococci: in vitro and in vivo studies

doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2019.10.009

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vivo antibacterial activity of auranofin against E. faecium NR-31909 in the murine septicemia model when administered (A) Orally at 0.125 mg/kg, 0.25 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg; and (B) Subcutaneously (S.C.) at 0.0625 mg/kg, 0.125 mg/kg and 0.25 mg/kg compared to the vehicle control and the standard antibiotic linezolid given orally at 20 mg/kg. Mice survival was monitored for 5 days. Results were analyzed for statistical difference utilizing graphpad prism. (*) Denotes significant difference between each treated group and the untreated group (P < 0.05).

Article Snippet: Auranofin, linezolid (Chem-Impex International, Wood Dale, IL, USA) and vancomycin hydrochloride (Gold Biotechnology, St. Louis, MO, USA) were purchased from commercial vendors.

Techniques: In Vivo, Activity Assay

Journal: International journal of antimicrobial agents

Article Title: Antivirulence activity of auranofin against vancomycin-resistant enterococci: in vitro and in vivo studies

doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2019.10.009

Figure Lengend Snippet: VRE counts in (A) liver, (B) kidney, and (C) spleen of the infected mice (5/group) orally treated with auranofin, and (D) liver, (E) kidney, and (F) spleen of the infected mice (5/group) treated S.C. after 4 days. Auranofin was compared to untreated (*) and to linezolid (#). (P < 0.05).

Article Snippet: Auranofin, linezolid (Chem-Impex International, Wood Dale, IL, USA) and vancomycin hydrochloride (Gold Biotechnology, St. Louis, MO, USA) were purchased from commercial vendors.

Techniques: Infection