Journal: Pharmaceutics

Article Title: Synergistic Encapsulation of Paclitaxel and Sorafenib by Methoxy Poly(Ethylene Glycol)- b -Poly(Caprolactone) Polymeric Micelles for Ovarian Cancer Therapy

doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041206

Figure Lengend Snippet: IC 50 and CI values of paclitaxel (PTX) and sorafenib (SRF) at various molar ratios (n = 3).

Article Snippet: SKOV3-red-fluc, a cancer cell line in which a fluorescent factor was introduced into SKOV3, a human OC cell line, was purchased from PerkinElmer (Waltham, MA, USA).

Techniques:

Journal: Pharmaceutics

Article Title: Synergistic Encapsulation of Paclitaxel and Sorafenib by Methoxy Poly(Ethylene Glycol)- b -Poly(Caprolactone) Polymeric Micelles for Ovarian Cancer Therapy

doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041206

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vitro cytotoxicity analysis of SKOV3-red-fluc ( A ) PTX solution, ( B ) PTX micelle, ( C ) SRF solution, ( D ) SRF micelle, ( E ) PTX/SRF solution, and ( F ) PTX/SRF micelle (n = 6).

Article Snippet: SKOV3-red-fluc, a cancer cell line in which a fluorescent factor was introduced into SKOV3, a human OC cell line, was purchased from PerkinElmer (Waltham, MA, USA).

Techniques: In Vitro

Journal: Pharmaceutics

Article Title: Synergistic Encapsulation of Paclitaxel and Sorafenib by Methoxy Poly(Ethylene Glycol)- b -Poly(Caprolactone) Polymeric Micelles for Ovarian Cancer Therapy

doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041206

Figure Lengend Snippet: Colony formation inhibition in SKOV3-red-fluc cell line solution and micelles ( A ) free PTX, ( B ) PTX micelle, ( C ) free SRF, ( D ) SRF micelle, ( E ) free PTX/SRF, and ( F ) PTX/SRF micelle (n = 3).

Article Snippet: SKOV3-red-fluc, a cancer cell line in which a fluorescent factor was introduced into SKOV3, a human OC cell line, was purchased from PerkinElmer (Waltham, MA, USA).

Techniques: Inhibition

Journal: Pharmaceutics

Article Title: Synergistic Encapsulation of Paclitaxel and Sorafenib by Methoxy Poly(Ethylene Glycol)- b -Poly(Caprolactone) Polymeric Micelles for Ovarian Cancer Therapy

doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041206

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Morphological observation of tumor spheroids prepared with SKOV3-red-fluc, ( B ) Control, PTX Solution, PTX micelles, PTX/SRF Solution, and PTX/SRF micelles SKOV3-red-fluc tumor spheroid IVIS measured with D-luciferin before treatment and after secondary treatment image (n = 4). ( C ) A graph showing the total luminescence value reflecting the tumor size for the first and second drug treatments based on the tumor spheroid before drug treatment (** p < 0.01, n = 4).

Article Snippet: SKOV3-red-fluc, a cancer cell line in which a fluorescent factor was introduced into SKOV3, a human OC cell line, was purchased from PerkinElmer (Waltham, MA, USA).

Techniques: Control

Journal: Pharmaceutics

Article Title: Synergistic Encapsulation of Paclitaxel and Sorafenib by Methoxy Poly(Ethylene Glycol)- b -Poly(Caprolactone) Polymeric Micelles for Ovarian Cancer Therapy

doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041206

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Representative IVIS images of an SKOV3-red-fluc cell xenograft model taken 20 days after IV injection with DPBS (control), solution, and micelle, ( B ) relative total flux (% of day 9) value graph of each group (* p < 0.05, n = 5), ( C ) body weight change, ( D ) representative H&E staining of xenograft mouse model.

Article Snippet: SKOV3-red-fluc, a cancer cell line in which a fluorescent factor was introduced into SKOV3, a human OC cell line, was purchased from PerkinElmer (Waltham, MA, USA).

Techniques: IV Injection, Control, Staining

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Targeted therapy of pyrrolo[2,3- d ]pyrimidine antifolates in a syngeneic mouse model of high grade serous ovarian cancer and the impact on the tumor microenvironment

doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-14788-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: Expression of GARFTase and AICARFTase transcripts in primary EOC patient samples and BR-5 and BR-Luc cells. Transcript levels for GARFTase ( A ) and AICARFTase ( B ) were measured using cDNAs from primary specimens including normal ovary (n = 8) and HGSOC (n = 39) (OriGene) and results were compared to those for EOC cell lines including IGROV1, SKOV3, A2780 and A2780 E-80. Transcript levels were normalized to β-actin transcripts. Statistical analyses were performed between normal samples/tissues and tumor samples/tissues using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. ( C , D ) Transcript levels of cytosolic C1 metabolic targets (GARFTase and AICARFTase) were determined in the BR-5 and BR-Luc syngeneic mouse models of HGSOC by real-time RT-PCR. Transcripts were normalized to β-actin transcripts and results are shown relative to levels in mouse liver (assigned a value of 1). Results are presented as mean values ± standard errors from at least three experiments. The p values are as follows: **** p < 0.0001. See Supplementary Table for patient characteristics and pathology.

Article Snippet: Transcript levels for GARFTase ( A ) and AICARFTase ( B ) were measured using cDNAs from primary specimens including normal ovary (n = 8) and HGSOC (n = 39) (OriGene) and results were compared to those for EOC cell lines including IGROV1, SKOV3, A2780 and A2780 E-80.

Techniques: Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR

Journal: Journal of Gynecologic Oncology

Article Title: The relationship between cisplatin resistance and histone deacetylase isoform overexpression in epithelial ovarian cancer cell lines

doi: 10.3802/jgo.2012.23.3.182

Figure Lengend Snippet: A comparison of cisplatin resistance in SKOV3 and OVCAR3 cells treated with 15 µg/mL cisplatin. The number of viable cells was measured by CCK-8 assay. * p<0.05.

Article Snippet: The SKOV-3 and OVCAR3 human epithelial ovarian cancer cell lines were obtained from the Korean Cell Line Bank (Seoul, Korea).

Techniques: Comparison, CCK-8 Assay

Journal: Journal of Gynecologic Oncology

Article Title: The relationship between cisplatin resistance and histone deacetylase isoform overexpression in epithelial ovarian cancer cell lines

doi: 10.3802/jgo.2012.23.3.182

Figure Lengend Snippet: Protein expression levels of histone deacetylase (HDAC) isoforms in SKOV3 and OVCAR3 cells transfected with HDAC isoform expression vectors or not transfected as a control. Expression of β-actin was used as a loading control. endo, endogenous HDAC 1; exo, exogenous HDAC 1 which was transfected.

Article Snippet: The SKOV-3 and OVCAR3 human epithelial ovarian cancer cell lines were obtained from the Korean Cell Line Bank (Seoul, Korea).

Techniques: Expressing, Histone Deacetylase Assay, Transfection, Control

Journal: Journal of Gynecologic Oncology

Article Title: The relationship between cisplatin resistance and histone deacetylase isoform overexpression in epithelial ovarian cancer cell lines

doi: 10.3802/jgo.2012.23.3.182

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of overexpressed histone deacetylase (HDAC) isoforms on cisplatin resistance in OVCAR3 cells. OVCAR3 cells transfected with a unique HDAC isoform and nontransfected control cells were treated with 15 µg/mL cisplatin for 24 hours. Cell survival rate was measured by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. The values were normalized to time 0 as a starting point and the survival rate was calculated by dividing the average number of treated cells by the average number of untreated cells. Each data set represents a relative percentage of nontransfected control values. Values are presented as mean±SE for three independent experiments. * p<0.05 compared with control.

Article Snippet: The SKOV-3 and OVCAR3 human epithelial ovarian cancer cell lines were obtained from the Korean Cell Line Bank (Seoul, Korea).

Techniques: Histone Deacetylase Assay, Transfection, Control, Cell Counting, CCK-8 Assay

Journal: International Journal of Gynecological Cancer

Article Title: Docosahexaenoic Acid Modulates Invasion and Metastasis of Human Ovarian Cancer via Multiple Molecular Pathways

doi: 10.1097/IGC.0000000000000746

Figure Lengend Snippet: The cytotoxicity of ALA and DHA in A2780, HO8910, and SKOV-3. The effects of ALA and DHA on cell viability in A2780, HO8910, and SKOV-3 were determined by CCK-8 assay. Each column shows cell viability (%) mean ± SD of 3 independent experiments performed in triplicate. ALA was used as isotype control.

Article Snippet: The human ovarian cancer cell lines A2780, HO8910, and SKOV-3 were purchased from Enogene Biotech Co, Ltd (Jiangsu, China).

Techniques: CCK-8 Assay

Journal: International Journal of Gynecological Cancer

Article Title: Docosahexaenoic Acid Modulates Invasion and Metastasis of Human Ovarian Cancer via Multiple Molecular Pathways

doi: 10.1097/IGC.0000000000000746

Figure Lengend Snippet: The effect of ALA and DHA on invasion abilities in A2780, HO8910, and SKOV-3 cells. A2780, HO8910, and SKOV-3 cells were pretreated with ALA (64 μM, 120 μM, and 60 μM), DHA (32/64 μM, 60/120 μM, and 30/60 μM), or without DHA for 72 hours, respectively. Images of A2780 were acquired at 200 magnification, and images of HO8910 and SKOV-3 were acquired at 100 magnification under an inverted microscope. Each column shows the mean of 3 independent experiments performed in triplicate. The asterisks labeled above the error bars indicated significant differences compared with the group treated with ALA or 0.1% DMSO (*** P < 0.005 compared with the control). ALA was used as isotype control.

Article Snippet: The human ovarian cancer cell lines A2780, HO8910, and SKOV-3 were purchased from Enogene Biotech Co, Ltd (Jiangsu, China).

Techniques: Inverted Microscopy, Labeling

Journal: International Journal of Gynecological Cancer

Article Title: Docosahexaenoic Acid Modulates Invasion and Metastasis of Human Ovarian Cancer via Multiple Molecular Pathways

doi: 10.1097/IGC.0000000000000746

Figure Lengend Snippet: The effect of DHA on expression of genes or proteins associated with invasion and metastasis (A) A2780, HO8910, and SKOV-3 cells were respectively pretreated with (64 μM, 120 μM, and 60 μM) or without DHA for 72 hours. RT-PCR analysis was used to assess the relative expression of KISS-1, VEGF, MMP-9, TIMP-1, WAVE3, and PPAR-γ. The fold change of gene expression was calculated by the 2-ΔΔCT method. GAPDH was used as the reference gene. Cells with ALA treatment were used as the respective control (*** P < 0.005, ** P < 0.01, * P < 0.05). B, A2780, HO8910, and SKOV-3 cells were pretreated with DHA (32 and 64 μM, 60 and 120 μM, 30 and 60 μM) for 72 hours, respectively. Western blot analysis was performed using antibodies against NF-κB, VEGF, MMP-9, MMP-3, STAT3, WAVE3, COX-2, and N-Ca. The expressions of some genes or proteins were not detected by RT-PCR or Western bolt (the blanks were shown).

Article Snippet: The human ovarian cancer cell lines A2780, HO8910, and SKOV-3 were purchased from Enogene Biotech Co, Ltd (Jiangsu, China).

Techniques: Expressing, Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction, Western Blot

Journal: Cancers

Article Title: Compound C Inhibits Ovarian Cancer Progression via PI3K-AKT-mTOR-NFκB Pathway

doi: 10.3390/cancers14205099

Figure Lengend Snippet: Compound C inhibits OvCa cell proliferation. Compound C decreased the proliferation of ( A ). SKOV3, ( B ). OVCAR3, ( C ). CAOV3, ( D ). IGROV1, and ( E ). ID8 OvCa cell lines. IC 50 was determined after 48 h time point. Represented is an experiment that was repeated twice ( n = 4/experimental conditions) with reproducible results.

Article Snippet: Luciferase-tagged SKOV3 (SKOV3-luc) cells were injected intraperitoneally (2 × 10 6 cells/100 µL PBS, using 27G syringe needles) in 6–8 weeks old female athymic nude mice (Charles River Laboratories, Wilmington, MA, USA) as earlier described [ , ].

Techniques:

Journal: Cancers

Article Title: Compound C Inhibits Ovarian Cancer Progression via PI3K-AKT-mTOR-NFκB Pathway

doi: 10.3390/cancers14205099

Figure Lengend Snippet: Compound C inhibits colonogenic survival of OvCa cells. Compound C exerted a significant dose-dependent decrease in colony formation of OvCa cell lines: ( A , B ). SKOV3, ( C , D ). OVCAR3, ( E , F ). CAOV3, ( G , H ), IGROV1, and ( I , J ) ID8. Representative images of the counted colonies. Bars represent mean ± SEM of colonies stained with crystal violet, quantified by colony counter pen. p -value using One Way ANOVA. n = 3/experimental condition, performed twice.

Article Snippet: Luciferase-tagged SKOV3 (SKOV3-luc) cells were injected intraperitoneally (2 × 10 6 cells/100 µL PBS, using 27G syringe needles) in 6–8 weeks old female athymic nude mice (Charles River Laboratories, Wilmington, MA, USA) as earlier described [ , ].

Techniques: Staining

Journal: Cancers

Article Title: Compound C Inhibits Ovarian Cancer Progression via PI3K-AKT-mTOR-NFκB Pathway

doi: 10.3390/cancers14205099

Figure Lengend Snippet: Compound C inhibits OvCa cell migration and matrix invasiveness. ( A ) Gene set enrichment analysis showing inhibition of EMT signature in CC-treated SKOV3 cells. ( B ) CC inhibits OvCa cells migration and ( C ) invasion. Bars represent mean ± SEM of migrated and invaded cells counted in 6 high power fields (200× magnifications, n = 3/experimental condition, repeated twice). p -value using Student’s t -test.

Article Snippet: Luciferase-tagged SKOV3 (SKOV3-luc) cells were injected intraperitoneally (2 × 10 6 cells/100 µL PBS, using 27G syringe needles) in 6–8 weeks old female athymic nude mice (Charles River Laboratories, Wilmington, MA, USA) as earlier described [ , ].

Techniques: Migration, Inhibition

Journal: Cancers

Article Title: Compound C Inhibits Ovarian Cancer Progression via PI3K-AKT-mTOR-NFκB Pathway

doi: 10.3390/cancers14205099

Figure Lengend Snippet: Compound C Inhibits PI3K-AKT-NFκB axis. ( A , B ). Gene set enrichment analysis showing inhibition of PI3K pathway and the inflammatory response in CC-treated SKOV3 cells. ( C ). Western blot showing the effect of CC on PI3K-AKT-mTOR-NFκB pathway SKOV3 and OVCAR3 cell lines, with HSP90 as loading control. ( D ). Western blots showing the effect of CC on LPA-induced nuclear localization of p65RelA subunit of NFκB in SKOV3 and OVCAR3 cells. Lamin A/C and b-actin were used as nuclear and cytoplasmic markers respectively. ( E ). Immunofluorescence staining of SKOV3 treated with CC showing inhibition of nuclear translocation of p65RelA in SKOV3 cells by CC (magnification, 400×). White arrows indicate the green fluorescence of nuclear translocation of p56RelA.

Article Snippet: Luciferase-tagged SKOV3 (SKOV3-luc) cells were injected intraperitoneally (2 × 10 6 cells/100 µL PBS, using 27G syringe needles) in 6–8 weeks old female athymic nude mice (Charles River Laboratories, Wilmington, MA, USA) as earlier described [ , ].

Techniques: Inhibition, Western Blot, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Translocation Assay, Fluorescence

Journal: Cancers

Article Title: Compound C Inhibits Ovarian Cancer Progression via PI3K-AKT-mTOR-NFκB Pathway

doi: 10.3390/cancers14205099

Figure Lengend Snippet: Constitutive activation of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR-NFκB Pathway in SKOV3 mitigated the inhibitory effect of CC. ( A ). Western blots showing overexpression of PIK3CA , AKT and IKKA in SKOV3 cells and pBABE as vector control, and HSP90 as loading control. ( B – D ). Stable overexpression of PIK3CA, AKT and IKKA partially rescued the inhibitory effect of CC on SKOV3 proliferation. Line graphs represent the means ± SEM of the fold change in cell proliferation over 96 h. Values were compared to untreated cells 0hr considered as 1; ( n = 4/experimental condition, repeated twice). * p < 0.05, *** p < 0.0001, Student’s t -test. ( E , F ). Constitutive overexpression of PIK3CA , AKT and IKK mitigated the inhibitory effect of CC on migration and invasion. Bars represent the means ± SEM of cell count. Values were compared to untreated cells pBABE vector controls ( n = 3/experimental condition; repeated twice). * p < 0.05 compared to pBABE vector control treated with DMSO, ** p < 0.05 comparing CC-treatment to corresponding DMSO control, Student’s t -test. **** p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: Luciferase-tagged SKOV3 (SKOV3-luc) cells were injected intraperitoneally (2 × 10 6 cells/100 µL PBS, using 27G syringe needles) in 6–8 weeks old female athymic nude mice (Charles River Laboratories, Wilmington, MA, USA) as earlier described [ , ].

Techniques: Activation Assay, Western Blot, Over Expression, Plasmid Preparation, Migration, Cell Counting

Journal: Cancers

Article Title: Compound C Inhibits Ovarian Cancer Progression via PI3K-AKT-mTOR-NFκB Pathway

doi: 10.3390/cancers14205099

Figure Lengend Snippet: CC Inhibits mesothelial-OvCa crosstalk. ( A ). Representative images of the effect of CC on the adhesion of CMTMR-labelled OvCa cell lines to uncoated, and matrigel-coated plates, or mesothelial cells monolayers (scale bars, 100 µm). ( B ). Bars represent means ± SEM of quantification of fluorescent cells was quantified using Image J. n = 6/experimental condition, * p < 0.05, Student’s t -test. ( C ). CC reduced adhesion of fluorescent-ID8 cells homing to mesothelium covering the omenta of C57B6 mice. Top, schema of the experiment; middle, photomicrographs of dissected omenta and adherent cells. Bottom, bars representing means ± SEM of fluorescent cells quantified using Image J. n = 5/experimental condition, * p < 0.05, Student’s t -test. ( D ). Top, schema showing mono and coculture of MESO301 and SKOV3 cells. Bottom, Western blot of the effect of CC on the expression of total and phosphorylated p65RelA in mesothelial and OvCa monocultures and cocultures.

Article Snippet: Luciferase-tagged SKOV3 (SKOV3-luc) cells were injected intraperitoneally (2 × 10 6 cells/100 µL PBS, using 27G syringe needles) in 6–8 weeks old female athymic nude mice (Charles River Laboratories, Wilmington, MA, USA) as earlier described [ , ].

Techniques: Western Blot, Expressing

Journal: Cancers

Article Title: Compound C Inhibits Ovarian Cancer Progression via PI3K-AKT-mTOR-NFκB Pathway

doi: 10.3390/cancers14205099

Figure Lengend Snippet: Compound C Inhibited U937-OvCa Crosstalk. ( A ). Schema showing experimental design of macrophage chemotaxis towards OvCa cells, left. The effect of CC on migration of human U937 towards SKOV3, OVCAR3, IGROV1, and CaOV3 cells as well as murine RAW 264.7 towards ID8 cells, right. ( B ). Schema showing experimental design of macrophage induced OvCa migration, left. Bars represent mean ± SEM; ( n = 3/experimental condition), p -value using Student’s t -test. ( C ). Schema of the co-culture of U937 and SKOV3. Bottom, Western blots showing the effect of CC on the expression of total and phosphorylated p65RelA subunit of NFκB in U937 and OvCa cocultures, with HSP90 as loading control.

Article Snippet: Luciferase-tagged SKOV3 (SKOV3-luc) cells were injected intraperitoneally (2 × 10 6 cells/100 µL PBS, using 27G syringe needles) in 6–8 weeks old female athymic nude mice (Charles River Laboratories, Wilmington, MA, USA) as earlier described [ , ].

Techniques: Chemotaxis Assay, Migration, Co-Culture Assay, Western Blot, Expressing

Journal: Cancers

Article Title: Compound C Inhibits Ovarian Cancer Progression via PI3K-AKT-mTOR-NFκB Pathway

doi: 10.3390/cancers14205099

Figure Lengend Snippet: The Effect of compound C on OvCa cell bioenergetics. ( A ). Seahorse tracing of the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) in SKOV3, OVCAR3 and IGROV1 treated with CC for 18 h, followed by mitochondrial stress test as described in material and methods. ( B ). Bar graphs of means ± SEM of the basal and maximal respiration, spare respiratory capacity, ATP production, non-mitochondrial respiration, proton leak and mitoOCR/glycoPER ratio in OvCa cells treated with CC. n = 6/experimental condition. * p < 0.05, with multiple t -tests and Holm-Sidak correction.

Article Snippet: Luciferase-tagged SKOV3 (SKOV3-luc) cells were injected intraperitoneally (2 × 10 6 cells/100 µL PBS, using 27G syringe needles) in 6–8 weeks old female athymic nude mice (Charles River Laboratories, Wilmington, MA, USA) as earlier described [ , ].

Techniques:

Journal: Cancers

Article Title: Compound C Inhibits Ovarian Cancer Progression via PI3K-AKT-mTOR-NFκB Pathway

doi: 10.3390/cancers14205099

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of CC on LPA-Induced mitochondrial respiration. Seahorse tracing of the OCR in ( A ). SKOV3 and ( B ). OVCAR3 stimulated with LPA, in presence or absence of CC for 6 h. Bar graphs represent the means ± SEM of the basal and maximal respiration, spare respiratory capacity, ATP production, non-mitochondrial respiration, in ( C ). SKOV3 and ( D ). OVCAR3 cells treated with LPA ± CC ( n = 5/experimental condition, repeated twice). * p < 0.05, compared DMSO, ** p < 0.05 compared to LPA, Student’s t -test.

Article Snippet: Luciferase-tagged SKOV3 (SKOV3-luc) cells were injected intraperitoneally (2 × 10 6 cells/100 µL PBS, using 27G syringe needles) in 6–8 weeks old female athymic nude mice (Charles River Laboratories, Wilmington, MA, USA) as earlier described [ , ].

Techniques:

Journal: Cancers

Article Title: Compound C Inhibits Ovarian Cancer Progression via PI3K-AKT-mTOR-NFκB Pathway

doi: 10.3390/cancers14205099

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of Compound C on in vivo tumor xenografts in athymic nude mice. ( A ). Schema of the therapeutic experiments. ( B ). Photomicrographs of intraperitoneal SKOV3 tumor nodules, top. Bars represent tumor burden (numbers and sizes) of intraperitoneal tumor nodules in the indicated experimental groups, bottom. n = 10/experimental condition. *** p < 0.001, multiple t -tests. ( C ). Immunostaining of representative tumor sections from mice treated with CC or PBS vehicle control (100× magnification). ( D ). Bars represent the H-scores of the indicated markers. p -values Student’s t -test.

Article Snippet: Luciferase-tagged SKOV3 (SKOV3-luc) cells were injected intraperitoneally (2 × 10 6 cells/100 µL PBS, using 27G syringe needles) in 6–8 weeks old female athymic nude mice (Charles River Laboratories, Wilmington, MA, USA) as earlier described [ , ].

Techniques: In Vivo, Immunostaining