Journal: Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine

Article Title: Pathological Glucose Levels Enhance Entry Factor Expression and Hepatic SARS ‐ CoV ‐2 Infection

doi: 10.1111/jcmm.70581

Figure Lengend Snippet: High glucose promotes SARS‐CoV‐2 pseudoviruses entry in vitro. (A, B) SARS‐CoV‐2 pseudoviruses entry efficiency of HepG2 (A) and Huh7 (B) cells under indicated glucose concentrations. Cells were preincubated with the indicated glucose concentrations for 12 h, and subsequently inoculated with VSV‐SARS‐2‐S‐luc. Forty‐eight hours later, pseudovirus entry was measured by analysing luciferase activity in cell lysates. (C, D) SARS‐CoV‐2 pseudoviruses entry efficiency of HepG2 (C) and Huh7 (D) cells with dapagliflozin, exenatide, metformin or sitagliptin treatment. Cells were preincubated with the indicated glucose‐lowering drugs for 6 h prior to pseudovirus inoculation. (E, F) mRNA levels of SARS‐CoV‐2 entry factors treated with glucose‐lowering drugs for 24 h under indicated glucose conditions in HepG2 (E) and Huh7 (F) cells. (G) Protein levels of SARS‐CoV‐2 entry factors treated with glucose‐lowering drugs for 24 h under 100 mM glucose conditions in HepG2 and Huh7 cells. Data are shown as mean ± SEM. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 (two‐tailed Student's t ‐test).

Article Snippet: For glucose‐lowering drugs treatment, cells were cultured with different glucose concentrations (5.5, 25 and 100 mM) for 24 h, and then incubated in medium containing dapagliflozin (0.5 mM; Selleck, no. S5566), exenatide (100 nM; MCE, no. HY‐13443), metformin (50 mM; MCE, no. HY‐17471A) or sitagliptin (600 nM; Selleck, no. S4002) for 24 h.

Techniques: In Vitro, Luciferase, Activity Assay, Two Tailed Test

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Air pollution mediates diabetes by disrupting gut innate mucosal immunity

doi: 10.1101/827014

Figure Lengend Snippet: GTT, insulin, body weight, fasting glucose and insulin tolerance test (ITT) in HFD/STZ wild-type mice ( a ) and mice on standard diet after 3 months of oral exposure to DEP, PM, or PBS ( b ). ( c ) Plasma TNF-α) and IL-6. ( d ) Cholesterol, HDL, and TG. ( e ) Liver lipids, enzymes, inflammatory gene expression and H&E staining. ( f ) ATM frequencies (F4/80 + among CD45 + ), distribution of subtypes according to CD11c and CD206, gene expression and H&E stainings. ( g ) Insulin staining in pancreatic tissue for analysis of beta-cell mass, number of islets, and size distribution (small 10-1,000μm , middle 1,000-10,000μm , large 10,000-100,000μm ). ( h ) Ex vivo glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and insulin content of isolated islets from exposed mice. ( i ) Active GLP-1 in oral GTT. ( j ) Glucose AUC of GTT and insulin after GLP-1 antagonist exendin(9-39) injection. ( k ) GLP-1 secretion of primary colon cultures treated ex vivo with DEP or PBS. ( l ) Gene expression in islets from exposed mice relative to controls. a/b/f/h depict a representative from 2-5 independent experiments of 5-10 mice. c/d/e/g/l are meannSEM pooled from 3 independent experiments and i/j from one experiment. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, unpaired Mann-Whitney U test with two tailed distribution.

Article Snippet: To stabilize systemic active GLP-1, 25 mg/kg body weight Sitagliptin (Santa Cruz) was i.p. injected 30 minutes prior to oral glucose administration.

Techniques: Expressing, Staining, Ex Vivo, Isolation, Injection, MANN-WHITNEY, Two Tailed Test

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Circadian fluctuation of soluble CD26 dictates the impact of the timing of cord blood transplantation on acute graft-versus-host disease

doi: 10.1038/s41467-026-68958-4

Figure Lengend Snippet: a Experimental design. Three doses of Sitagliptin (30 mg/kg, DPPIV inhibitor) or an equal volume of PBS were intraperitoneally given to ZT5 mice before human cord blood-derived mononuclear cells (CBMCs) infusions. b Representative images of PBS-treated (top) and Sitagliptin-treated (bottom) ZT5 recipients showing phenotypic differences on day 21 after CBT. c – e aGVHD scores ( c , P = 0.003), survival rates ( d , P = 0.030) and body weights ( e , P = 0.624) of recipients posttransplantation ( n = 8 mice for the control group; n = 5 for the Sitagliptin group). f , g Histopathologic analysis of liver, lung, spleen and colon sections on day 21 after CBT. Representative H&E-stained images ( f ) and quantification results ( g ) ( n = 24-30 images from 4-6 mice per group) Two-sided unpaired t-tests were used for comparisons. The exact P values were: P < 0.001 for liver, lung, and spleen; P = 0.850 for colon. h – k The infiltration of CD4 + T cells and CD8 + T cells in liver, lung, spleen and colon sections on day 21 after transplantation. Representative immunohistochemistry images and quantification results of staining with anti-human CD4 ( h , i ) or CD8 ( j , k ) polyclonal antibodies ( n = 3 mice per group; 24 fields of view were analyzed per organ). For CD4⁺ T cell infiltration, statistical comparisons yielded P < 0.001 for liver and lung, P = 0.002 for spleen, and P = 0.285 for colon; For CD8⁺ T cell infiltration, statistical comparisons yielded P < 0.001 for liver, lung and spleen, and P > 0.999 for colon. AOD, average optical density. Scale bars, 100 μm. The data are presented as the means ± SEMs and were analyzed by unpaired t tests followed by Bonferroni-Dunn correction ( g , i and k ), two-way ANOVA followed by the Bonferroni post hoc correction ( c and e ), and the log-rank test ( d ). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

Article Snippet: To inhibit DPPIV activity in ZT5 recipient mice, the animals were intraperitoneally injected with 30 mg/kg of Sitagliptin phosphate monohydrate (S4002, Selleck) or an equal volume of PBS as indicated.

Techniques: Derivative Assay, Control, Staining, Transplantation Assay, Immunohistochemistry

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Circadian fluctuation of soluble CD26 dictates the impact of the timing of cord blood transplantation on acute graft-versus-host disease

doi: 10.1038/s41467-026-68958-4

Figure Lengend Snippet: PBMCs from healthy donors were cultured with PHA-L (control group), PHA-L plus CD26/DPPIV (sCD26 group), or PHA-L plus Sitagliptin (DPPIV inhibitor, DPPIVi group) for 72 h. a Experimental design. PBMCs from healthy donors were cultured with PHA-L (control group), PHA-L plus CD26/DPPIV (sCD26 group), or PHA-L plus Sitagliptin (DPPIV inhibitor, DPPIVi group) for 72 h. b , c Representative plots (left) and quantified percentages (right) of CD86 + ( b ) and CD80 + ( c ) CD14 + cells after 72 h of PBMCs coculture in different groups (pooled data from 8 healthy donors across four independent experiments). d – i Representative plots (left) and quantified percentages (right) of Ki-67 + , IFNγ + , and CD38 + cells among CD4 + T cells ( d , f , h ) and CD8 + T cells ( e , g , i ) after 72 h of PBMCs coculture in different groups (pooled data from 6 healthy donors across three independent experiments).The data are presented as the means ± SEMs and were analyzed by one-way ANOVA with the Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons ( b – i ). All P values are two-sided and reported as exact values unless <0.001. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

Article Snippet: To inhibit DPPIV activity in ZT5 recipient mice, the animals were intraperitoneally injected with 30 mg/kg of Sitagliptin phosphate monohydrate (S4002, Selleck) or an equal volume of PBS as indicated.

Techniques: Cell Culture, Control

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Circadian fluctuation of soluble CD26 dictates the impact of the timing of cord blood transplantation on acute graft-versus-host disease

doi: 10.1038/s41467-026-68958-4

Figure Lengend Snippet: a Experimental design. CellTrace TM Violet (CTV)-labeled human PBMCs were cocultured with irradiated allogeneic PBMCs in the presence of recombinant human sCD26/DPPIV protein (sCD26,1000 ng/ml) or Sitagliptin (200 μg/ml) for 96 h. b , c Representative plots (left) and quantified percentages (right) of cell proliferation in CD4⁺ ( b ) and CD8⁺ ( c ) T cells after 96 h of coculture. d , e Representative plots (left) and quantified percentages (right) of IFNγ production in CD4⁺ ( d ) and CD8⁺ ( e ) T cells after 96 h of coculture. f , g Representative plots (left) and quantified percentages (right) of CD38 expression in CD4⁺ ( f ) and CD8⁺ ( g ) T cells after 96 h of coculture. The data were pooled from three independent experiments. The data are presented as means ± SEMs. Statistical significance was determined by one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni correction ( b – g ). All P values are two-sided and reported as exact values unless <0.001. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

Article Snippet: To inhibit DPPIV activity in ZT5 recipient mice, the animals were intraperitoneally injected with 30 mg/kg of Sitagliptin phosphate monohydrate (S4002, Selleck) or an equal volume of PBS as indicated.

Techniques: Labeling, Irradiation, Recombinant, Expressing

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Vildagliptin and its metabolite M20.7 induce the expression of S100A8 and S100A9 in human hepatoma HepG2 and leukemia HL-60 cells

doi: 10.1038/srep35633

Figure Lengend Snippet: The expression levels of 4 selected genes (metallothionein (Mt) 1, Mt2, S100a8, and S100a9) in the liver of vildagliptin (1000 mg/kg)-treated mice were measured by real-time RT-PCR analysis, and vildagliptin-induced fold changes were compared with those obtained from expression array analysis ( A ). The expression levels of Mt1, Mt2, S100a8, and S100a9 in the liver of sitagliptin (1000 mg/kg)-treated mice were also measured by real-time RT-PCR analysis ( B ). In the real-time RT-PCR analysis, expression was normalized with the expression of cyclophilin (CPH) and the expression level in the liver of control mice was defined as 1. Data represent the means ± S.D. of three independent experiments. ## P < 0.01, compared with the liver of control mice.

Article Snippet: Sitagliptin was obtained from LKT Laboratories (St. Paul, MN, USA).

Techniques: Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR, Control

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Vildagliptin and its metabolite M20.7 induce the expression of S100A8 and S100A9 in human hepatoma HepG2 and leukemia HL-60 cells

doi: 10.1038/srep35633

Figure Lengend Snippet: HepG2 cells were treated with the indicated concentration (μM) of vildagliptin, M20.7, or sitagliptin for 24 h. The mRNA expression levels of S100A9 and TNF-α in HepG2 cells were measured by real-time RT-PCR analysis. Expression was normalized with the expression of GAPDH. Data represent the means ± S.D. of three independent experiments. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01, compared with control (0.1% methanol).

Article Snippet: Sitagliptin was obtained from LKT Laboratories (St. Paul, MN, USA).

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR, Control

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Vildagliptin and its metabolite M20.7 induce the expression of S100A8 and S100A9 in human hepatoma HepG2 and leukemia HL-60 cells

doi: 10.1038/srep35633

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) HL-60 cells were treated with the indicated concentration (μM) of vildagliptin, M20.7, sitagliptin, or LPS for 24 h. The mRNA expression levels of S100A9 and TNF-α in HL-60 cells were measured by real-time RT-PCR analysis. Expression was normalized with the expression of GAPDH. ( B–E ) HL-60 cells were treated with the indicated concentration (μM) of vildagliptin, M20.7, sitagliptin, or LPS for 48 h. The release of S100A8/A9 complex ( B , D ) and TNF-α ( C , E ) in the culturing medium was measured by ELISA. LPS (10 μg/mL) was used as a positive control. Data represent the means ± S.D. of three independent experiments. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01, compared with control (0.1% methanol). # P < 0.05, compared with 100 μM sitagliptin. Sita 100, sitagliptin 100 μM; Vilda 100 + Sita 100, vildagliptin 100 μM + sitagliptin 100 μM.

Article Snippet: Sitagliptin was obtained from LKT Laboratories (St. Paul, MN, USA).

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Positive Control, Control

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Vildagliptin and its metabolite M20.7 induce the expression of S100A8 and S100A9 in human hepatoma HepG2 and leukemia HL-60 cells

doi: 10.1038/srep35633

Figure Lengend Snippet: DPP-4 activity in HL-60 cells ( A ) and time-dependent changes of M20.7 concentration in the culturing medium of vildagliptin-treated HL-60 cells ( B ). ( A ) DPP-4 activity of S9 fraction of HL-60 cells was measured using a Gly-Pro-AMC as a substrate. Data represent the means ± S.D. of triplicate determinations. S9-active, active S9 fraction; S9-inactive, heat-inactivated S9 fraction (negative control); ND, not detectable. ( B ) HL-60 cells were treated with 100 μM vildagliptin with or without 100 μM sitagliptin for various durations. The M20.7 concentration in the culturing medium was measured by LC-MS/MS analysis. Data represent the means ± S.D. of three independent experiments. # P < 0.05; ## P < 0.01; ### P < 0.001, compared with vildagliptin and sitagliptin-treated HL-60 cells of each time point.

Article Snippet: Sitagliptin was obtained from LKT Laboratories (St. Paul, MN, USA).

Techniques: Activity Assay, Concentration Assay, Negative Control, Liquid Chromatography with Mass Spectroscopy