Journal: Food Science and Biotechnology

Article Title: Centella asiatica ameliorates scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment via acetylcholinesterase modulation and oxidative stress reduction

doi: 10.1007/s10068-026-02132-w

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of CAE on recognition memory and long-term memory in scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment using the Novel Object Recognition Test (NORT). A Schematic representation of the NORT procedure. The experiment was conducted over three consecutive days. On day 1 (habituation), mice were allowed to freely explore an empty open-field arena (35 × 35 × 35 cm 3 ) for 10 min. On day 2 (training), two identical objects (familiar) were placed 15 cm apart within the arena, and mice were permitted to explore for 10 min. On day 3 (testing), one familiar object was replaced with a novel object, and mice were allowed to explore both objects for 10 min. The duration of exploration directed toward the familiar and novel objects was recorded using Smart v2.5 (Panlab S.L.U., Barcelona, Spain). Quantitative assessments were conducted during the familiarization ( B ), and the discrimination index ( C ) was calculated. D Schematic representation of PAT design. The PAT was conducted using a two-compartment shuttle box (MED-PC, Med Associates Inc., St. Albans, England) to evaluate long-term memory retention. During the training session, each mouse was placed in the illuminated compartment, and upon entering the dark compartment, it received a mild foot shock. After 24 h, a retention trial was performed in which the mice were again placed in the illuminated compartment, and E the latency to enter the dark compartment was recorded as an indicator of memory retention. Data are presented as mean ± SEM (n = 8). Statistical significance was determined by one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett's post hoc test for multiple comparisons. #:P < 0.05 and ###:P < 0.01 vs. the vehicle-treated control group; *:P < 0.05, **:P < 0.01, and ***:P < 0.001 vs. the scopolamine-treated group

Article Snippet: The PAT was conducted using a two-compartment shuttle box (MED-PC, Med Associates Inc., St. Albans, England) to evaluate long-term memory retention.

Techniques: Control

Journal: Nature medicine

Article Title: Decreased expression of synapse-related genes and loss of synapses in major depressive disorder.

doi: 10.1038/nm.2886

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 4 Viral expression of GATA1 in rat PFCs causes depressive behavior. (a) Schematic diagram of the experimental schedule. Control rAAV and rAAV-GATA1-eGFP vectors were surgically infused into the medial PFC (rAAV surgery) and rats were allowed to recover for 5 weeks (recovery/rAAV expression). LA, locomotor activity; FST, forced swim test; LH, learned helplessness; IHC, immunochemistry. (b) Representative low-power (left) image of GFP IHC showing the location of the viral infusion site in the medial PFC. On the right is an image of the labeled neurons at a higher magnification. (c,d) Influence of control virus (rAAV-control) and rAAV-GATA1 on the behavior in the forced swim test (c) and the learned helplessness (d) paradigm. Avoidance testing was separated into trials 1–5 and 6–10. Data are the mean ± s.e.m. (n = 9 for rAAV-control and n = 10 for rAAV-GATA1). * P < 0.05 compared to rAAV-control (t test). (e) Schematic diagram of Gata1 shRNA knockdown in the CUS paradigm. SPT, sucrose preference test. (f) Representative image of GFP IHC showing the location of viral infusion in the same region of the PFC as is shown in b. (g) Influence of rAAV-ScrshRNA and rAAV-GATA1shRNA on sucrose preference in control nonstressed and CUS-exposed rats. Data are the mean ± s.e.m. (controls: n = 6 for rAAV-ScrshRNA and n = 8 for rAAV-GATA1shRNA; CUS: n = 7 for rAAV-ScrshRNA and n = 8 for rAAV-GATA1shRNA). *P < 0.05 compared to the respective control group (analysis of variance and Fisher’s protected least significant difference post-hoc analysis).

Article Snippet: The learned helplessness procedure was performed in custom-built, two-chambered shuttle boxes (Med Associates, Vermont), as previously described45,46.

Techniques: Expressing, Control, Activity Assay, Labeling, Virus, shRNA, Knockdown

Journal: MethodsX

Article Title: A modular, cost-effective, versatile, open-source operant box solution for long-term miniscope imaging, 3D tracking, and deep learning behavioral analysis

doi: 10.1016/j.mex.2024.102721

Figure Lengend Snippet: Additional box components, cables, cameras, med associates components.

Article Snippet: MEDPC: Social Door , Automatic Door for Social Chamber , Med Associates , 1 , ENV-010B2-SOC , 622.00 , 622.00.

Techniques: Stripping Membranes