Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Biofuel Production Based on Carbohydrates from Both Brown and Red Macroalgae: Recent Developments in Key Biotechnologies

doi: 10.3390/ijms17020145

Figure Lengend Snippet: Alginate metabolism. Enzymes present in Sphingomonas sp. A1 [ , , ] are in roman gray; those present or introduced in bioengineered E. coli are shown in gray italics; and those introduced in bioengineered S. cerevisiae are shown in black. The bioengineered S. cerevisiae assimilates 4-deoxy- l -erythro-5-hexoseulose uronate (DEH), but not alginate . Details are described in the text. KDG: 2-keto-3-deoxy- d -gluconate; KDPG: 2-keto-3-deoxy-phosphogluconate; GAP: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate; VhDehR: V. harveyi DehR; VsOalABC: V. splendidus 12B01 OalABC; SmAly: Pseudoalteromonas sp. SM0524 Aly; VsSlyABCD: V. splendidus 12B01 SlyABCD; VsEda: V. splendidus 12B01 Eda.

Article Snippet: The KDG kinase genes from four bacteria ( V. splendidus 12B01, E. coli , Thermus thermophilus , Shewanella frigidimarina NCIMB 400 and Saccharophagus degradans 2–40) and the KDPG aldolase genes from four bacteria ( V. splendidus 12B01, Agrobacterium tumefaciens 0703, A. tumefaciens 4944 and E. coli ) were codon-optimized for and overexpressed in S. cerevisiae .

Techniques:

Journal: Biofouling

Article Title: Iron cycling at corroding carbon steel surfaces

doi: 10.1080/08927014.2013.836184

Figure Lengend Snippet: Experimental matrix.

Article Snippet: In the third set of experiments, artificial seawater (ASW) medium described by was used as the electrolyte with the FeOB Mariprofundus sp. strain DIS-1 and the FeRB Shewanella frigidimarina (NCIMB 400).

Techniques: Sterility

Journal: Biofouling

Article Title: Iron cycling at corroding carbon steel surfaces

doi: 10.1080/08927014.2013.836184

Figure Lengend Snippet: CS surfaces after 49 d exposures to amended IO with different bacterial additions and bulk oxygen. (a) Twisted iron oxide encrusted stalks (arrow) after aerobic exposure with FeOB M. ferrooxydans PV-1. (b) Remnant grain boundaries (arrow) were observed on the CS surface after anaerobic exposure with FeRB Geothermobacter sp. HR-1. (c) Denuded stalks (arrow) under aerobic conditions with co-cultures of FeOB M. ferrooxydans PV-1 and FeRB Geothermobacter sp. HR-1.

Article Snippet: In the third set of experiments, artificial seawater (ASW) medium described by was used as the electrolyte with the FeOB Mariprofundus sp. strain DIS-1 and the FeRB Shewanella frigidimarina (NCIMB 400).

Techniques:

Journal: Biofouling

Article Title: Iron cycling at corroding carbon steel surfaces

doi: 10.1080/08927014.2013.836184

Figure Lengend Snippet: 3D profilometry representations of CS surfaces after 49 d exposure under different oxygen conditions and bacterial additions in amended IO. Dashed lines indicate locations of associated extracted line scan profiles. Areas with little to no attack are represented as gray. (a) Uniform morphology of corrosion after aerobic exposure with FeOB M. ferrooxydans PV-1. (b) Light uniform corrosion after anaerobic exposure with FeRB Geothermobacter sp. HR-1. (c) Roughened surface with areas of deep attack surrounded by unattacked metal after exposure to aerobic conditions with co-cultures of FeOB M. ferrooxydans PV-1 and FeRB Geothermobacter sp. HR-1.

Article Snippet: In the third set of experiments, artificial seawater (ASW) medium described by was used as the electrolyte with the FeOB Mariprofundus sp. strain DIS-1 and the FeRB Shewanella frigidimarina (NCIMB 400).

Techniques:

Journal: Biofouling

Article Title: Iron cycling at corroding carbon steel surfaces

doi: 10.1080/08927014.2013.836184

Figure Lengend Snippet: Average polarization resistance ( R p ) of CS in IO with varying oxygen conditions and inocula over 49 d exposures.

Article Snippet: In the third set of experiments, artificial seawater (ASW) medium described by was used as the electrolyte with the FeOB Mariprofundus sp. strain DIS-1 and the FeRB Shewanella frigidimarina (NCIMB 400).

Techniques: Sterility, Control

Journal: Biofouling

Article Title: Iron cycling at corroding carbon steel surfaces

doi: 10.1080/08927014.2013.836184

Figure Lengend Snippet: CS surfaces after 14 d exposures to filter sterilized Key West seawater with different bacterial additions. (a) Twisted iron oxide encrusted stalks after exposure with FeOB Mariprofundus sp. M34. (b) Denuded stalks after exposure with co-cultures of FeOB Mariprofundus sp. M34 and FeRB S. japonica.

Article Snippet: In the third set of experiments, artificial seawater (ASW) medium described by was used as the electrolyte with the FeOB Mariprofundus sp. strain DIS-1 and the FeRB Shewanella frigidimarina (NCIMB 400).

Techniques:

Journal: Biofouling

Article Title: Iron cycling at corroding carbon steel surfaces

doi: 10.1080/08927014.2013.836184

Figure Lengend Snippet: SEM images of the CS surfaces after 14 d exposure to filter sterilized Key West seawater with and without the addition of FeOB Mariprofundus sp. M34 and FeRB S. japonica. Mineral identification of the corrosion product section performed by TEM/SAED analysis. (a) Hematite in abiotic control; (b) goethite-only with simple morphology and no long crystal or twining with addition of FeOB; (c) goethite, lepidocrocite, magnetite, and hematite with the addition of FeRB; and (d) goethite-only with multiple crystal morphologies, including long twined crystals with co-cultures of FeOB and FeRB.

Article Snippet: In the third set of experiments, artificial seawater (ASW) medium described by was used as the electrolyte with the FeOB Mariprofundus sp. strain DIS-1 and the FeRB Shewanella frigidimarina (NCIMB 400).

Techniques: Control

Journal: Biofouling

Article Title: Iron cycling at corroding carbon steel surfaces

doi: 10.1080/08927014.2013.836184

Figure Lengend Snippet: Light microscope images of biofilms/corrosion products after 14 d exposures in amended ASW with and without additions of FeOB Mariprofundus sp. DIS-1 and FeRB S. frigidimarina. Associated macroscopic images of surfaces of CS (1.59 cm diameter) in situ after 14 d are shown at the bottom. Abundant orange iron oxides were present in the abiotic controls (a), but cells were not observed in this treatment. Cells were observed in association with stalk structures of iron oxide (indicated by arrows) in treatments containing FeOB (b and d). Abiotic treatments (a) and those containing only FeRB (c) did not contain stalk structures of iron oxide. Note abundant cels of planktonic FeRB in images (c) and (d). The image (d) shows the same sample examined using brightfield (BF) and epifluorescence (EP) microscopy stained with the nucleic acid stain Syto13. Scale bars represent 10 μm.

Article Snippet: In the third set of experiments, artificial seawater (ASW) medium described by was used as the electrolyte with the FeOB Mariprofundus sp. strain DIS-1 and the FeRB Shewanella frigidimarina (NCIMB 400).

Techniques: Light Microscopy, In Situ, Microscopy, Staining