Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: In vitro comparison of major memory-support dietary supplements for their effectiveness in reduction/inhibition of beta-amyloid protein fibrils and tau protein tangles: key primary targets for memory loss

doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-79275-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparison of 21 memory-support supplements for reduction of Aβ 1–42 fibril and/or tau tangles.

Article Snippet: Figure 3 Percepta outperformed neuriva (Schiff Vitamins) for disaggregation/disruption of pre-formed Aβ 1–42 fibrils. ( A ) Percepta was tested in comparison to neuriva (neuriva Original and neuriva Plus) and Prevagen memory-support supplements on a wt/wt basis.

Techniques: Solubility, Concentration Assay

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: In vitro comparison of major memory-support dietary supplements for their effectiveness in reduction/inhibition of beta-amyloid protein fibrils and tau protein tangles: key primary targets for memory loss

doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-79275-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: Percepta was the most potent disrupter of Aβ 1–42 fibrils in comparison to seven (7) other top-selling brain supplements on a wt/wt basis. ( A ) Percepta was compared to LUMONOL, Brain Awake, BRAIN ARMOR, brainMD (BRAIN & MEMORY POWER BOOST), Brain Support, Clarity (BRAIN HEALTH FORMULA), and brainMD (Neurovite Plus). Percepta, once again was the most potent disrupter /disaggregator of pre-formed Aβ 1–42 fibrils than any other brain supplement tested as determined quantitatively by Thioflavin T fluorometry. Aβ 1–42 formed fibrils instantly and showed 2,654 Thioflavin T fluorescent units (FU)(black bar). Increasing doses of percepta (Aβ 1–42:percepta wt/wt ratios of 1:0.001, 1:0.01; 1:0.1; and 1:1 were tested) demonstrated a marked dose-dependent disaggregation/disruption of pre-formed Aβ 1–42 fibrils. All the other brain supplements tested did not reduce Aβ 1–42 fibrils or only somewhat did so at the highest 1:1 wt/wt dose tested. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, by Student’s t-test. Bars represent mean ± SEM. ( B ) Comparison of percepta to 10 (ten) other memory-support supplements in % disaggregation of preformed Aβ 1–42 fibrils. Percepta , by far, had the most robust activity and reduced/disaggregated Aβ 1–42 fibrils in a dose-dependent manner (light brown bars). At a Aβ:percepta wt:wt ratio of 1:0.1 (blue line across graph), percepta disaggregated Aβ 1–42 fibrils by 4.29%, much better than any other brain supplement tested (see line across the graph). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, by Student’s t-test. Bars represent mean ± SEM.

Article Snippet: Figure 3 Percepta outperformed neuriva (Schiff Vitamins) for disaggregation/disruption of pre-formed Aβ 1–42 fibrils. ( A ) Percepta was tested in comparison to neuriva (neuriva Original and neuriva Plus) and Prevagen memory-support supplements on a wt/wt basis.

Techniques: Activity Assay

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: In vitro comparison of major memory-support dietary supplements for their effectiveness in reduction/inhibition of beta-amyloid protein fibrils and tau protein tangles: key primary targets for memory loss

doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-79275-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: Percepta outperformed neuriva (Schiff Vitamins) for disaggregation/disruption of pre-formed Aβ 1–42 fibrils. ( A ) Percepta was tested in comparison to neuriva (neuriva Original and neuriva Plus) and Prevagen memory-support supplements on a wt/wt basis. Percepta was the most potent disrupter of Aβ 1–42 fibrils in comparison to neuriva (neuriva Original and neuriva Plus) and Prevagen on a wt/wt basis as quantitatively determined by Thioflavin T fluorometry. Aβ 1–42 fibrils demonstrate binding to Thioflavin T (indicator of fibril formation) and 2800 fluorescence units. Percepta demonstrated the most robust disaggregation/dissolution of pre-formed Aβ 1–42 fibrils. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, by Student’s t-test. Bars represent mean ± SEM. ( B ) Comparison (on a wt/wt basis) of percepta to neuriva (Original and Plus) and Prevagen for % disaggregation of preformed Aβ 1–42 fibrils at 4 increasing dosages. Percepta had the most robust activity and reduced/disaggregated Aβ 1–42 fibrils in a dose-dependent manner (light brown bars). At a Aβ:percepta wt:wt ratio of 1:0.1 (blue line across graph), percepta disaggregated Aβ 1–42 fibrils by 45.3%, whereas neuriva Original at that dose only disaggregated Aβ 1–42 fibrils by 25.4%, neuriva Plus only disaggregated Aβ 1–42 fibrils by 30.2%, and Prevagen did not work on amyloid plaque fibrils at all. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, by Student’s t-test. Bars represent mean ± SEM.

Article Snippet: Figure 3 Percepta outperformed neuriva (Schiff Vitamins) for disaggregation/disruption of pre-formed Aβ 1–42 fibrils. ( A ) Percepta was tested in comparison to neuriva (neuriva Original and neuriva Plus) and Prevagen memory-support supplements on a wt/wt basis.

Techniques: Binding Assay, Fluorescence, Activity Assay

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: In vitro comparison of major memory-support dietary supplements for their effectiveness in reduction/inhibition of beta-amyloid protein fibrils and tau protein tangles: key primary targets for memory loss

doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-79275-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: Percepta outperformed NAD + OVIM for disaggregation/disruption of pre-formed Aβ 1–42 fibrils. ( A ) Percepta was tested in comparison to NAD + OVIM and Prevagen supplements on a wt/wt basis. Percepta was the most potent disrupter of Aβ 1–42 fibrils in comparison to NAD + OVIM and Prevagen on a wt/wt basis as quantitatively determined by Thioflavin T fluorometry. Aβ 1–42 fibrils demonstrate binding to Thioflavin T and 2,450 fluorescence units. Percepta demonstrated the most robust disaggregation/dissolution of pre-formed Aβ 1–42 fibrils. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, by Student’s t-test. Bars represent mean ± SEM. ( B ) Comparison (on a wt/wt basis) of Percepta to NAD + OVIM and Prevagen for % disaggregation of preformed Aβ 1–42 fibrils at four increasing dosages. Percepta had the most robust activity and reduced/disaggregated amyloid plaque fibrils in a dose-dependent manner (light brown bars). At a Aβ:percepta wt:wt ratio of 1:0.1 (blue line across graph), percepta disaggregated Aβ 1–42 fibrils by 48.4%, whereas NAD + OVIM (that also contains cat’s claw) at that dose only disaggregated Aβ 1–42 fibrils by 13.3%, and Prevagen did not work on amyloid plaque fibrils at all. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, by Student’s t-test. Bars represent mean ± SEM.

Article Snippet: Figure 3 Percepta outperformed neuriva (Schiff Vitamins) for disaggregation/disruption of pre-formed Aβ 1–42 fibrils. ( A ) Percepta was tested in comparison to neuriva (neuriva Original and neuriva Plus) and Prevagen memory-support supplements on a wt/wt basis.

Techniques: Binding Assay, Fluorescence, Activity Assay

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: In vitro comparison of major memory-support dietary supplements for their effectiveness in reduction/inhibition of beta-amyloid protein fibrils and tau protein tangles: key primary targets for memory loss

doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-79275-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: Percepta dissolved/disaggregated Aβ 1–42 fibrils within 24 h as shown by Congo red staining, Thioflavin S fluorescence and electron microscopy. ( A ) Aβ 1–42 fibrils show instant red-green birefringence indicative of Aβ 1–42 amyloid fibrils when stained with Congo red. ( B ) A marked dissolution/reduction of Congo red staining is observed in the presence of percepta. ( C ) Thioflavin S fluorescence showed massive Aβ 1–42 amyloid fibrils by positive green fluorescence. ( D ) A marked decrease in Thioflavin S fluorescence indicated that percepta dissolved Aβ 1–42 fibrils. ( E ) Negative stain electron microscopy demonstrated massive accumulation of Aβ 1–42 fibrils. ( F ). A marked dissolution/reduction of Aβ 1–42 fibrils was observed in the presence of percepta.

Article Snippet: Figure 3 Percepta outperformed neuriva (Schiff Vitamins) for disaggregation/disruption of pre-formed Aβ 1–42 fibrils. ( A ) Percepta was tested in comparison to neuriva (neuriva Original and neuriva Plus) and Prevagen memory-support supplements on a wt/wt basis.

Techniques: Staining, Fluorescence, Electron Microscopy

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: In vitro comparison of major memory-support dietary supplements for their effectiveness in reduction/inhibition of beta-amyloid protein fibrils and tau protein tangles: key primary targets for memory loss

doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-79275-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: Percepta is the most potent disrupter of tau protein tangles in comparison to ten (10) other major brain supplements on a wt/wt basis. ( A ) Tau-441 induced by heparin forms paired helical filaments as shown by electron microscopy. Scale bar = 50 nm. ( B ) Formation of massive aggregated tau protein paired helical filaments following induction with heparin and shown by electron microscopy. Scale bar = 50 nm. ( C ) Percepta was the most potent disrupter /disaggregator of pre-formed tau protein tangles than any other memory-support supplement tested as shown quantitatively by Thioflavin T fluorometry. Tau protein-441 induced by heparin forms paired helical filaments instantly and shows 3600 Thioflavin T fluorescent units (FU)(black bar). Increasing doses of percepta (tau:percepta wt/wt ratios of 1:0.001, 1:0.01; 1:0.1; and 1:1) demonstrated a marked dose-dependent disaggregation/disruption of pre-formed tau tangles. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, by Student’s t-test. Bars represent mean ± SEM. ( D ) Comparison of percepta to 10 (ten) other major memory-support dietary supplements in % disaggregation of preformed Aβ 1–42 fibrils. Percepta had the most robust activity and reduced/disaggregated tau tangles in a dose-dependent manner (light brown bars). Percepta disaggregated tau protein tangles by 86.4% at a tau:percepta wt/wt of 1:1, and by 24.1% at a tau:percepta wt/wt of 1:0.1, and much better than any other major memory-support dietary supplement tested including Prevagen, FOCUSFactor and Alpha Brain. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, by Student’s t-test. Bars represent mean ± SEM.

Article Snippet: Figure 3 Percepta outperformed neuriva (Schiff Vitamins) for disaggregation/disruption of pre-formed Aβ 1–42 fibrils. ( A ) Percepta was tested in comparison to neuriva (neuriva Original and neuriva Plus) and Prevagen memory-support supplements on a wt/wt basis.

Techniques: Electron Microscopy, Activity Assay

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: In vitro comparison of major memory-support dietary supplements for their effectiveness in reduction/inhibition of beta-amyloid protein fibrils and tau protein tangles: key primary targets for memory loss

doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-79275-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: Percepta outperformed neuriva (Schiff Vitamins) for disaggregation /disruption of pre-formed tau tangles. ( A ) Percepta was tested in direct comparison to neuriva (neuriva Original and neuriva Plus) and Prevagen memory-support supplements on a wt/wt basis. Percepta was the most potent disrupter of tau tangles in comparison to neuriva (neuriva Original and neuriva Plus) and Prevagen on a wt/wt basis as determined quantitatively by Thioflavin T fluorometry. Tau protein tangles fibrils demonstrated binding to Thioflavin T and 3,120 fluorescence units. Percepta demonstrated the most robust disaggregation/dissolution of pre-formed tau tangles in a dose-dependent manner. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, by Student’s t-test. Bars represent mean ± SEM. ( B ) Comparison (on a wt/wt basis) of percepta to neuriva (Original and Plus) and Prevagen for % disaggregation of pre-formed tau tangles at 4 increasing dosages. Percepta had the most robust activity and reduced/disaggregated tau tangles in a dose-dependent manner (light brown bars). At a tau:percepta wt:wt ratio of 1:0.1 (blue line across graph), percepta disaggregated tau tangles by 33.5%, whereas neuriva Original at that dose only disaggregated tau tangles by 8.1%, neuriva Plus only disaggregated tau tangles by 10.4%, and Prevagen did not work on reducing tau tangles at all. At a 1:1 wt/wt dose percepta reduced tau tangles by 85.7%, whereas neuriva Original and neuriva Plus only reduced tau tangles by 38.4% and 57.4%, respectively, whereas Prevagen had no effects at all. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, by Student’s t-test. Bars represent mean ± SEM.

Article Snippet: Figure 3 Percepta outperformed neuriva (Schiff Vitamins) for disaggregation/disruption of pre-formed Aβ 1–42 fibrils. ( A ) Percepta was tested in comparison to neuriva (neuriva Original and neuriva Plus) and Prevagen memory-support supplements on a wt/wt basis.

Techniques: Binding Assay, Fluorescence, Activity Assay

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: In vitro comparison of major memory-support dietary supplements for their effectiveness in reduction/inhibition of beta-amyloid protein fibrils and tau protein tangles: key primary targets for memory loss

doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-79275-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: Disruption of Aβ 1–42 fibrils and tau protein tangles by percepta as shown by negative stain electron microscopy. ( A ) Aβ 1–42 fibrils (arrowheads) at 3 days as visualized by electron microscopy. × 30,000 magnification. ( B ) Aβ 1–42 fibrils in the presence of percepta following 3 days of co-incubation demonstrates only amorphous non-fibrillar material remaining (arrowheads). ( C ) Tau protein tangles formed by tau-441 induced in the presence of heparin for 3 days. Bar = 200 nm. ( D ) Marked dissolution/disaggregation of pre-formed tau protein tangles in the presence of percepta. Bar = 200 nm. ( E ) Percepta prevents formation of β-sheet tau protein tangles (shifts to α-helix) within 72 h as determined by CD spectroscopy.

Article Snippet: Figure 3 Percepta outperformed neuriva (Schiff Vitamins) for disaggregation/disruption of pre-formed Aβ 1–42 fibrils. ( A ) Percepta was tested in comparison to neuriva (neuriva Original and neuriva Plus) and Prevagen memory-support supplements on a wt/wt basis.

Techniques: Staining, Electron Microscopy, Incubation, Spectroscopy

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Nicotinamide riboside activates renal metabolism and protects the kidney in a model of Alport syndrome

doi: 10.1101/2024.02.26.580911

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Representative images of immunohistochemistry for p57 kip2 , followed by periodic acid–Schiff post-staining without hematoxylin counterstaining. Podocyte nuclei are stained brown, and all other glomerular structures are stained pink. ( B ) Quantification of p57 kip2 immunostaining with PodoCount, a validated algorithm to analyze p57 kip2 -stained whole slide images. Podocyte volumetric density was reduced in Alport mice and restored by NR treatment in both sexes. ( C,D ) Immunoblots for KIM-1, a tubular injury marker, in male ( C ) and female ( D ) kidney homogenate. Ponceau S, a nonspecific protein stain, was used as a loading control. ( E,F ) Quantification of immunoblots ( C,D ) shows that KIM-1 is increased in Alport mice and reduced by NR treatment in male ( E ) and female ( F ) mice. Scale bars represent 100 µm. Significance was determined by one-way ANOVA with the Holm–Šídák correction for multiple comparisons. Data are expressed as the means ± SEM. Each datum represents one glomeruli ( B ) or one mouse ( E-F ). * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, **** P < 0.0001. Kidney injury molecule-1, KIM-1; NR, nicotinamide riboside; PSR, picrosirius red; Veh, vehicle.

Article Snippet: Immunohistochemistry for p57 kip2 (Cat. No. ab75975, Abcam) followed by periodic acid–Schiff (Cat. No. 22-110-645, Fisher Scientific, Hampton, NH) post-staining without hematoxylin counterstaining was performed and analyzed as previously described ( ).

Techniques: Immunohistochemistry, Staining, Immunostaining, Western Blot, Marker