Journal: eLife

Article Title: Homeostatic and tumourigenic activity of SOX2+ pituitary stem cells is controlled by the LATS/YAP/TAZ cascade

doi: 10.7554/eLife.43996

Figure Lengend Snippet:

Article Snippet: Chemical compound, drug , Schiff’s reagent , Thermo Fisher Scientific , Cat# 88017 , .

Techniques: Blocking Assay, Plasmid Preparation, BIA-KA, Western Blot, Software

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: In vitro comparison of major memory-support dietary supplements for their effectiveness in reduction/inhibition of beta-amyloid protein fibrils and tau protein tangles: key primary targets for memory loss

doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-79275-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparison of 21 memory-support supplements for reduction of Aβ 1–42 fibril and/or tau tangles.

Article Snippet: Figure 3 Percepta outperformed neuriva (Schiff Vitamins) for disaggregation/disruption of pre-formed Aβ 1–42 fibrils. ( A ) Percepta was tested in comparison to neuriva (neuriva Original and neuriva Plus) and Prevagen memory-support supplements on a wt/wt basis.

Techniques: Solubility, Concentration Assay

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: In vitro comparison of major memory-support dietary supplements for their effectiveness in reduction/inhibition of beta-amyloid protein fibrils and tau protein tangles: key primary targets for memory loss

doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-79275-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: Percepta was the most potent disrupter of Aβ 1–42 fibrils in comparison to seven (7) other top-selling brain supplements on a wt/wt basis. ( A ) Percepta was compared to LUMONOL, Brain Awake, BRAIN ARMOR, brainMD (BRAIN & MEMORY POWER BOOST), Brain Support, Clarity (BRAIN HEALTH FORMULA), and brainMD (Neurovite Plus). Percepta, once again was the most potent disrupter /disaggregator of pre-formed Aβ 1–42 fibrils than any other brain supplement tested as determined quantitatively by Thioflavin T fluorometry. Aβ 1–42 formed fibrils instantly and showed 2,654 Thioflavin T fluorescent units (FU)(black bar). Increasing doses of percepta (Aβ 1–42:percepta wt/wt ratios of 1:0.001, 1:0.01; 1:0.1; and 1:1 were tested) demonstrated a marked dose-dependent disaggregation/disruption of pre-formed Aβ 1–42 fibrils. All the other brain supplements tested did not reduce Aβ 1–42 fibrils or only somewhat did so at the highest 1:1 wt/wt dose tested. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, by Student’s t-test. Bars represent mean ± SEM. ( B ) Comparison of percepta to 10 (ten) other memory-support supplements in % disaggregation of preformed Aβ 1–42 fibrils. Percepta , by far, had the most robust activity and reduced/disaggregated Aβ 1–42 fibrils in a dose-dependent manner (light brown bars). At a Aβ:percepta wt:wt ratio of 1:0.1 (blue line across graph), percepta disaggregated Aβ 1–42 fibrils by 4.29%, much better than any other brain supplement tested (see line across the graph). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, by Student’s t-test. Bars represent mean ± SEM.

Article Snippet: Figure 3 Percepta outperformed neuriva (Schiff Vitamins) for disaggregation/disruption of pre-formed Aβ 1–42 fibrils. ( A ) Percepta was tested in comparison to neuriva (neuriva Original and neuriva Plus) and Prevagen memory-support supplements on a wt/wt basis.

Techniques: Activity Assay

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: In vitro comparison of major memory-support dietary supplements for their effectiveness in reduction/inhibition of beta-amyloid protein fibrils and tau protein tangles: key primary targets for memory loss

doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-79275-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: Percepta outperformed neuriva (Schiff Vitamins) for disaggregation/disruption of pre-formed Aβ 1–42 fibrils. ( A ) Percepta was tested in comparison to neuriva (neuriva Original and neuriva Plus) and Prevagen memory-support supplements on a wt/wt basis. Percepta was the most potent disrupter of Aβ 1–42 fibrils in comparison to neuriva (neuriva Original and neuriva Plus) and Prevagen on a wt/wt basis as quantitatively determined by Thioflavin T fluorometry. Aβ 1–42 fibrils demonstrate binding to Thioflavin T (indicator of fibril formation) and 2800 fluorescence units. Percepta demonstrated the most robust disaggregation/dissolution of pre-formed Aβ 1–42 fibrils. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, by Student’s t-test. Bars represent mean ± SEM. ( B ) Comparison (on a wt/wt basis) of percepta to neuriva (Original and Plus) and Prevagen for % disaggregation of preformed Aβ 1–42 fibrils at 4 increasing dosages. Percepta had the most robust activity and reduced/disaggregated Aβ 1–42 fibrils in a dose-dependent manner (light brown bars). At a Aβ:percepta wt:wt ratio of 1:0.1 (blue line across graph), percepta disaggregated Aβ 1–42 fibrils by 45.3%, whereas neuriva Original at that dose only disaggregated Aβ 1–42 fibrils by 25.4%, neuriva Plus only disaggregated Aβ 1–42 fibrils by 30.2%, and Prevagen did not work on amyloid plaque fibrils at all. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, by Student’s t-test. Bars represent mean ± SEM.

Article Snippet: Figure 3 Percepta outperformed neuriva (Schiff Vitamins) for disaggregation/disruption of pre-formed Aβ 1–42 fibrils. ( A ) Percepta was tested in comparison to neuriva (neuriva Original and neuriva Plus) and Prevagen memory-support supplements on a wt/wt basis.

Techniques: Binding Assay, Fluorescence, Activity Assay

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: In vitro comparison of major memory-support dietary supplements for their effectiveness in reduction/inhibition of beta-amyloid protein fibrils and tau protein tangles: key primary targets for memory loss

doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-79275-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: Percepta outperformed NAD + OVIM for disaggregation/disruption of pre-formed Aβ 1–42 fibrils. ( A ) Percepta was tested in comparison to NAD + OVIM and Prevagen supplements on a wt/wt basis. Percepta was the most potent disrupter of Aβ 1–42 fibrils in comparison to NAD + OVIM and Prevagen on a wt/wt basis as quantitatively determined by Thioflavin T fluorometry. Aβ 1–42 fibrils demonstrate binding to Thioflavin T and 2,450 fluorescence units. Percepta demonstrated the most robust disaggregation/dissolution of pre-formed Aβ 1–42 fibrils. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, by Student’s t-test. Bars represent mean ± SEM. ( B ) Comparison (on a wt/wt basis) of Percepta to NAD + OVIM and Prevagen for % disaggregation of preformed Aβ 1–42 fibrils at four increasing dosages. Percepta had the most robust activity and reduced/disaggregated amyloid plaque fibrils in a dose-dependent manner (light brown bars). At a Aβ:percepta wt:wt ratio of 1:0.1 (blue line across graph), percepta disaggregated Aβ 1–42 fibrils by 48.4%, whereas NAD + OVIM (that also contains cat’s claw) at that dose only disaggregated Aβ 1–42 fibrils by 13.3%, and Prevagen did not work on amyloid plaque fibrils at all. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, by Student’s t-test. Bars represent mean ± SEM.

Article Snippet: Figure 3 Percepta outperformed neuriva (Schiff Vitamins) for disaggregation/disruption of pre-formed Aβ 1–42 fibrils. ( A ) Percepta was tested in comparison to neuriva (neuriva Original and neuriva Plus) and Prevagen memory-support supplements on a wt/wt basis.

Techniques: Binding Assay, Fluorescence, Activity Assay

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: In vitro comparison of major memory-support dietary supplements for their effectiveness in reduction/inhibition of beta-amyloid protein fibrils and tau protein tangles: key primary targets for memory loss

doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-79275-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: Percepta dissolved/disaggregated Aβ 1–42 fibrils within 24 h as shown by Congo red staining, Thioflavin S fluorescence and electron microscopy. ( A ) Aβ 1–42 fibrils show instant red-green birefringence indicative of Aβ 1–42 amyloid fibrils when stained with Congo red. ( B ) A marked dissolution/reduction of Congo red staining is observed in the presence of percepta. ( C ) Thioflavin S fluorescence showed massive Aβ 1–42 amyloid fibrils by positive green fluorescence. ( D ) A marked decrease in Thioflavin S fluorescence indicated that percepta dissolved Aβ 1–42 fibrils. ( E ) Negative stain electron microscopy demonstrated massive accumulation of Aβ 1–42 fibrils. ( F ). A marked dissolution/reduction of Aβ 1–42 fibrils was observed in the presence of percepta.

Article Snippet: Figure 3 Percepta outperformed neuriva (Schiff Vitamins) for disaggregation/disruption of pre-formed Aβ 1–42 fibrils. ( A ) Percepta was tested in comparison to neuriva (neuriva Original and neuriva Plus) and Prevagen memory-support supplements on a wt/wt basis.

Techniques: Staining, Fluorescence, Electron Microscopy

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: In vitro comparison of major memory-support dietary supplements for their effectiveness in reduction/inhibition of beta-amyloid protein fibrils and tau protein tangles: key primary targets for memory loss

doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-79275-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: Percepta is the most potent disrupter of tau protein tangles in comparison to ten (10) other major brain supplements on a wt/wt basis. ( A ) Tau-441 induced by heparin forms paired helical filaments as shown by electron microscopy. Scale bar = 50 nm. ( B ) Formation of massive aggregated tau protein paired helical filaments following induction with heparin and shown by electron microscopy. Scale bar = 50 nm. ( C ) Percepta was the most potent disrupter /disaggregator of pre-formed tau protein tangles than any other memory-support supplement tested as shown quantitatively by Thioflavin T fluorometry. Tau protein-441 induced by heparin forms paired helical filaments instantly and shows 3600 Thioflavin T fluorescent units (FU)(black bar). Increasing doses of percepta (tau:percepta wt/wt ratios of 1:0.001, 1:0.01; 1:0.1; and 1:1) demonstrated a marked dose-dependent disaggregation/disruption of pre-formed tau tangles. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, by Student’s t-test. Bars represent mean ± SEM. ( D ) Comparison of percepta to 10 (ten) other major memory-support dietary supplements in % disaggregation of preformed Aβ 1–42 fibrils. Percepta had the most robust activity and reduced/disaggregated tau tangles in a dose-dependent manner (light brown bars). Percepta disaggregated tau protein tangles by 86.4% at a tau:percepta wt/wt of 1:1, and by 24.1% at a tau:percepta wt/wt of 1:0.1, and much better than any other major memory-support dietary supplement tested including Prevagen, FOCUSFactor and Alpha Brain. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, by Student’s t-test. Bars represent mean ± SEM.

Article Snippet: Figure 3 Percepta outperformed neuriva (Schiff Vitamins) for disaggregation/disruption of pre-formed Aβ 1–42 fibrils. ( A ) Percepta was tested in comparison to neuriva (neuriva Original and neuriva Plus) and Prevagen memory-support supplements on a wt/wt basis.

Techniques: Electron Microscopy, Activity Assay

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: In vitro comparison of major memory-support dietary supplements for their effectiveness in reduction/inhibition of beta-amyloid protein fibrils and tau protein tangles: key primary targets for memory loss

doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-79275-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: Percepta outperformed neuriva (Schiff Vitamins) for disaggregation /disruption of pre-formed tau tangles. ( A ) Percepta was tested in direct comparison to neuriva (neuriva Original and neuriva Plus) and Prevagen memory-support supplements on a wt/wt basis. Percepta was the most potent disrupter of tau tangles in comparison to neuriva (neuriva Original and neuriva Plus) and Prevagen on a wt/wt basis as determined quantitatively by Thioflavin T fluorometry. Tau protein tangles fibrils demonstrated binding to Thioflavin T and 3,120 fluorescence units. Percepta demonstrated the most robust disaggregation/dissolution of pre-formed tau tangles in a dose-dependent manner. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, by Student’s t-test. Bars represent mean ± SEM. ( B ) Comparison (on a wt/wt basis) of percepta to neuriva (Original and Plus) and Prevagen for % disaggregation of pre-formed tau tangles at 4 increasing dosages. Percepta had the most robust activity and reduced/disaggregated tau tangles in a dose-dependent manner (light brown bars). At a tau:percepta wt:wt ratio of 1:0.1 (blue line across graph), percepta disaggregated tau tangles by 33.5%, whereas neuriva Original at that dose only disaggregated tau tangles by 8.1%, neuriva Plus only disaggregated tau tangles by 10.4%, and Prevagen did not work on reducing tau tangles at all. At a 1:1 wt/wt dose percepta reduced tau tangles by 85.7%, whereas neuriva Original and neuriva Plus only reduced tau tangles by 38.4% and 57.4%, respectively, whereas Prevagen had no effects at all. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, by Student’s t-test. Bars represent mean ± SEM.

Article Snippet: Figure 3 Percepta outperformed neuriva (Schiff Vitamins) for disaggregation/disruption of pre-formed Aβ 1–42 fibrils. ( A ) Percepta was tested in comparison to neuriva (neuriva Original and neuriva Plus) and Prevagen memory-support supplements on a wt/wt basis.

Techniques: Binding Assay, Fluorescence, Activity Assay

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: In vitro comparison of major memory-support dietary supplements for their effectiveness in reduction/inhibition of beta-amyloid protein fibrils and tau protein tangles: key primary targets for memory loss

doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-79275-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: Disruption of Aβ 1–42 fibrils and tau protein tangles by percepta as shown by negative stain electron microscopy. ( A ) Aβ 1–42 fibrils (arrowheads) at 3 days as visualized by electron microscopy. × 30,000 magnification. ( B ) Aβ 1–42 fibrils in the presence of percepta following 3 days of co-incubation demonstrates only amorphous non-fibrillar material remaining (arrowheads). ( C ) Tau protein tangles formed by tau-441 induced in the presence of heparin for 3 days. Bar = 200 nm. ( D ) Marked dissolution/disaggregation of pre-formed tau protein tangles in the presence of percepta. Bar = 200 nm. ( E ) Percepta prevents formation of β-sheet tau protein tangles (shifts to α-helix) within 72 h as determined by CD spectroscopy.

Article Snippet: Figure 3 Percepta outperformed neuriva (Schiff Vitamins) for disaggregation/disruption of pre-formed Aβ 1–42 fibrils. ( A ) Percepta was tested in comparison to neuriva (neuriva Original and neuriva Plus) and Prevagen memory-support supplements on a wt/wt basis.

Techniques: Staining, Electron Microscopy, Incubation, Spectroscopy

Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Article Title: Phytosphingosine degradation pathway includes fatty acid α-oxidation reactions in the endoplasmic reticulum

doi: 10.1073/pnas.1700138114

Figure Lengend Snippet: HACL2 is a 2-OH acyl-CoA lyase catalyzing conversion of 2-OH acyl-CoA to fatty aldehyde. (A and B) Yeast cells (4378; mpo1Δ) bearing the pAKNF316 (vector), pNK46 (3xFLAG-MPO1), pZKN14 (3xFLAG-HACL2), or pTK183 (3xFLAG-HACL1) plasmid were labeled with 0.1 μCi [3H]PHS for 3 h at 30 °C. (A) Lipids were extracted and separated by normal-phase TLC with chloroform/methanol/4.2 M ammonia (9:7:2, vol/vol). (B) Total lysates were prepared and subjected to immunoblotting with anti-FLAG antibody and, to demonstrate equal protein loading, anti-Pgk1 (3-phosphoglycerate kinase) antibody. (C and D) Affinity-purified, 3xFLAG-tagged HACL1 and HACL2 proteins (1 μg) were incubated with 100 μM 2-OH C18:0-COOH (2-OH C18 FA; C) or 2-OH C18:0-CoA (2-OH C18-CoA; C and D) at 37 °C for 4 h in the presence (C and D) or absence (D) of 20 μM TPP. After the reaction, lipids were extracted, separated by normal-phase TLC together with the standard C16:0-CHO (10 nmol), and stained with Schiff reagent.

Article Snippet: Lipids were separated by TLC on Silica Gel 60 high performance TLC plates (Merck) with hexane/diethyl ether/acetic acid (65/35/1, vol/vol) and stained by Schiff reagent (Wako Pure Chemical Industries).

Techniques: Plasmid Preparation, Labeling, Western Blot, Affinity Purification, Incubation, Staining