Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Membrane-Bound Steel Factor Maintains a High Local Concentration for Mouse Primordial Germ Cell Motility, and Defines the Region of Their Migration

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025984

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) There was no significant change in PGC numbers at E7.5 in Steel d/d embryos compared to their littermates. “n” indicates the number of embryos used for quantitation. (B) PGC number after 24 hours in vitro culture in medium with or without soluble recombinant Steel factor on different feeder layer cells. Y axis represents the ratio of PGC number 24 hours after plating versus 3 hours after plating. ΔMEF: primary MEF from Steel-null embryos. M220: stromal cell line express only membrane-bound Steel factor. ** = p<0.01. (C) PGC number reduced significantly in E8.0 Steel d/d embryos compared to their littermates. “n” indicates the number of embryos used for quantitation. * = p<0.05.

Article Snippet: For the Steel factor addition assay, 200 ng/ml soluble mouse recombinant Steel factor (R&D Systems) was added into the embryo culture medium immediately before time-lapse analysis was started.

Techniques: Quantitation Assay, In Vitro, Recombinant, Membrane

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Membrane-Bound Steel Factor Maintains a High Local Concentration for Mouse Primordial Germ Cell Motility, and Defines the Region of Their Migration

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025984

Figure Lengend Snippet: (Column A, B) Frames at t = 0 and t = 6 hours respectively from movies of E7.5 Steel d/d embryos with or without addition of 200 ng/ml soluble recombinant Steel factor. (Column C) Tracks were made from PGCs in the allantois (white boxes) that remained in the plane of the confocal image throughout the movies. The white line indicates the boundary between the extraembryonic tissues (EEM), and the posterior end of the embryo (PEM). Scale bars in (A–C): 100 µm. (D) The maximum velocity, average velocity, and displacement of PGCs in E7.5 Steel d/d embryos were significantly increased by adding of 200 ng/ml soluble recombinant Steel factor into culture medium for 6 hours. “n” indicates the number of PGCs used for quantitation. Units on the “Y” axis vary based upon parameter, and are indicated below the bar charts. ** = p<0.01. (E) The maximum velocity, average velocity, and displacement of PGCs after 24 hours in vitro culture with increasing concentration of soluble recombinant Steel factor on Steel-null MEFs (ΔMEF). Units on the “Y” axis vary based upon parameter, and are indicated below the bar charts. * = p<0.05.

Article Snippet: For the Steel factor addition assay, 200 ng/ml soluble mouse recombinant Steel factor (R&D Systems) was added into the embryo culture medium immediately before time-lapse analysis was started.

Techniques: Recombinant, Quantitation Assay, In Vitro, Concentration Assay

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Membrane-Bound Steel Factor Maintains a High Local Concentration for Mouse Primordial Germ Cell Motility, and Defines the Region of Their Migration

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025984

Figure Lengend Snippet: Directions of individual PGC migration in Steel d/d embryos (A) or wild type embryos (B) with or without addition of 200 ng/ml soluble recombinant Steel factor. The boundary between the extraembryonic tissues (EEM), and the posterior end of the embryo (PEM), is marked by a line. Column I, II, and III are representative images from 3 different embryos of the same genotype labeled on the left. (C) The maximum velocity, average velocity, and displacement of PGCs in E7.5 wild type embryos with or without addition of 200 ng/ml soluble recombinant Steel factor into culture medium for 6 hours. “n” indicates the number of PGCs used for quantitation. Units on the “Y” axis vary based upon parameter, and are indicated below the bar charts. ** = p<0.01.

Article Snippet: For the Steel factor addition assay, 200 ng/ml soluble mouse recombinant Steel factor (R&D Systems) was added into the embryo culture medium immediately before time-lapse analysis was started.

Techniques: Migration, Recombinant, Labeling, Quantitation Assay

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Membrane-Bound Steel Factor Maintains a High Local Concentration for Mouse Primordial Germ Cell Motility, and Defines the Region of Their Migration

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025984

Figure Lengend Snippet: (Column A-C) Frames at t = 0, t = 6 and t = 12 hours respectively from movies of E11.0 wild type embryo slices with or without addition of 200 ng/ml soluble recombinant Steel factor. (D) The relative expression level of membrane-bound and soluble Steel factor mRNA in E10.5 genital ridges, E11.5 genital ridges and E11.5 midline mysenchyme as determined by real-time RT-PCR. *p<0.05, ** p <0.01. (E and F) E-cadherin expression in PGCs without (E) or with (F) addition of Steel factor. Upper panels show E-cadherin (red) staining. The lower panels show the merged images with PGC marker Stella-GFP (green). No difference in expression of E-cadherin was observed between groups.

Article Snippet: For the Steel factor addition assay, 200 ng/ml soluble mouse recombinant Steel factor (R&D Systems) was added into the embryo culture medium immediately before time-lapse analysis was started.

Techniques: Recombinant, Expressing, Membrane, Quantitative RT-PCR, Staining, Marker

Journal: Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM

Article Title: Suppression of Inflammatory and Fibrotic Signals by Cinnamon ( Cinnamomum cassia ) and Cinnamaldehyde in Cyclophosphamide-Induced Overactive Bladder in Mice

doi: 10.1155/2021/5205759

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of CNP and CNA on changes in selected protein expression levels of cyclophosphamide- (CYP-, 300 mg/kg) induced OAB mice 24 hours after CYP induction. (a) Upper, typical Western blotting analysis using whole bladder tissue from different groups was conducted to show changes in CD11b, pp65NF κ B, TLR4, SCF, and M3; β -actin was included for normalization. (b) Statistical results from the densitometry measurements after normalization to β -actin. Animal groups are as described in . Data are presented as mean ± SEM ( n = 5 for each group). † ∗ p < 0.05, compared with the corresponding vehicle- (Veh-) treated OAB group (CYP + Veh) or sham control group (C), respectively, by one-way ANOVA followed by S-N-K t -test.

Article Snippet: After fixation, permeabilization, and blocking, the bladder slices were randomly selected for incubation with proper primary antibodies against muscarinic M2 and M3 (1 : 200) (US Biological, CO, USA), CD11b and β -catenin (1 : 50, Abcam, Cambridge, UK), pp65 NF κ B (1 : 50, BD PharMingen, San Diego, CA, USA), MIF and TLR4 (1 : 100, GeneTex, Irvine, CA, USA), SCF (1 : 50, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc., Santa.

Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot, Control

Journal: Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM

Article Title: Suppression of Inflammatory and Fibrotic Signals by Cinnamon ( Cinnamomum cassia ) and Cinnamaldehyde in Cyclophosphamide-Induced Overactive Bladder in Mice

doi: 10.1155/2021/5205759

Figure Lengend Snippet: Graphical illustration showing the key pathways regulated by CNP and CNA. CNP and CNA have a profound effect on the inhibition of cyclophosphamide- (CYP-) induced OAB bladder injury in inflammation and fibrosis pathways via inhibiting MIF/TLR4- and SCF/c-Kit-mediated signal transduction, which in turn suppresses pp65NF κ B/CD11b and β -catenin/ α -SMA upregulation, respectively.

Article Snippet: After fixation, permeabilization, and blocking, the bladder slices were randomly selected for incubation with proper primary antibodies against muscarinic M2 and M3 (1 : 200) (US Biological, CO, USA), CD11b and β -catenin (1 : 50, Abcam, Cambridge, UK), pp65 NF κ B (1 : 50, BD PharMingen, San Diego, CA, USA), MIF and TLR4 (1 : 100, GeneTex, Irvine, CA, USA), SCF (1 : 50, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc., Santa.

Techniques: Inhibition, Transduction