Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: Dual-Transcriptomic, Microscopic, and Biocontrol Analyses of the Interaction Between the Bioeffector Pythium oligandrum and the Pythium Soft-Rot of Ginger Pathogen Pythium myriotylum

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.765872

Figure Lengend Snippet: Representative features of the interaction between P. myriotylum (Pm) and P. oligandrum (Po). Here hyphae are imaged in the region where the two colonies have recently made contact using either brightfield microscopy coupled with trypan blue staining (A–C) or cryo-scanning electron microscopy (D–F) . (A) P. myriotylum from self-confrontation, (B) P. oligandrum from self-confrontation with spiny oogonia visible, (C) coiling of P. oligandrum hypha around the hypha of P. myriotylum and apparent penetration by P. oligandrum of P. myriotylum hypha. The brightfield images of the cultures from where P. oligandrum and P. myriotylum confront each other were stained with trypan blue. (D) P. myriotylum from self-confrontation, (E) P. oligandrum from self-confrontation, (F) coiling of a P. oligandrum hypha around a hypha of P. myriotylum at two different magnifications. The cryo-SEM images were taken from cultures growing on polycarbonate membranes using the same experimental set-up as was used for the Dual-RNAseq (see for images of these cultures). The solid amber arrow indicates examples of hyphal coiling and the empty arrow indicates an example of penetration.

Article Snippet: A cryo-scanning electron microscope (cryo-SEM) (Quorum PP3010T system integrated onto a Hitachi SU8010 FE-SEM) was also used to visualize the interaction between P. oligandrum and P. myriotylum .

Techniques: Microscopy, Staining, Electron Microscopy, RNA sequencing

Journal: Food Science & Nutrition

Article Title: Development of a High‐Sensitivity Electrochemical Biosensor for Domoic Acid and Its Cellular Impact on Human Stem and Neuron‐Like Cells

doi: 10.1002/fsn3.71799

Figure Lengend Snippet: (a) Map of Turkey showing the coastal sampling stations (Triangle 1: Kocaeli, Marmara Sea coast; Triangle 2: Trabzon, Black Sea coast). (b) Collected seafood samples: European anchovy ( Engraulis encrasicolus ) and mussel ( Mytilus galloprovincialis ). (c) Sample mincing and blending. (d) Homogenization in methanol/water (1:1, v/v). (e) Centrifugation at 4000 rpm for 20 min. (f) Filtration of the supernatant using a 0.22 μm methanol‐compatible filter. (g) Storage of extracted samples in sterile tubes at 4°C. Each extraction step was conducted under sterile conditions. All seafood extracts were prepared using a standardized protocol involving homogenization in 1:1 methanol/water (v/v), centrifugation, filtration through 0.22 μm membrane filters, and storage at 4°C. The filtered extracts were later applied to the biosensor surface and incubated for 30 min. Each extraction was performed in triplicate to ensure reproducibility and consistency in biosensor response. Created in BioRender. Avci, H. (2025) https://BioRender.com/xfc9ssj .

Article Snippet: The supernatant was filtered through a 0.22 μm methanol‐compatible syringe filter (Minisart RC 25, Sartorius Stedim Biotech GmbH, Göttingen, Germany) and stored in sterile tubes at 4°C until further analysis.

Techniques: Sampling, Homogenization, Centrifugation, Filtration, Sterility, Extraction, Membrane, Incubation