Journal: PLoS Pathogens

Article Title: Specialized 16SrX phytoplasmas induce diverse morphological and physiological changes in their respective fruit crops

doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009459

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) The apple proliferation (AP) induced by ‘ Candidatus Phytoplasma mali’ led to typical disease symptoms like witches’ broom, enlarged and highly serrated stipules. The leaf size ratio (length width -1 ) and the midrib ratio (diameter midrib width -1 ) did not show any effects. (B) The leaves of ‘ Candidatus Phytoplasma pyri’ affected trees inducing pear decline (PD) were characterized by premature foliar reddening and a significant decrease of the leaf size ratio but not by an impact on the midrib. (C) The leaves of ‘ Candidatus Phytoplasma prunorum’ infected trees inducing European stone fruit yellows (ESFY) showed chlorosis, and a significant increase of the leaf size and midrib ratio. Boxes represent the interquartile range (IQR) and whiskers extend to 1.5*IQR. Bars represent the 95% confidence intervals with the estimated marginal means obtained from mixed effect models as dots (both back transformed to the response scale). Letters indicate statistical differences between EMMs of groups at the 0.05 significance level.

Article Snippet: ESFY-Q06 , Neustadt a. d. Weinstraße, Germany , Source: ’ Ca . P. prunorum’ infected C . pruni individuals caught in the course of transmission studies carried out 2006 at the experimental field of the AlPlanta-IPR, RLP AgroScience, Neustadt a.d. Weinstraße, Germany by Wolfgang Jarausch. , this study.

Techniques: Infection, Transformation Assay

Journal: PLoS Pathogens

Article Title: Specialized 16SrX phytoplasmas induce diverse morphological and physiological changes in their respective fruit crops

doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009459

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) The infection of a peach tree with ‘ Candidatus Phytoplasma prunorum’ inducing European stone fruit yellows (ESFY) was studied by the morphology of the leaf main vein. (B) The morphological analysis consisted of the vascular bundle area, the xylem area, the phloem area, the sieve element area, the xylem/phloem ratio and the sieve element/phloem ratio and showed significant decreases for the sieve element areas and ratios of sieve element to the phloem. Box-whisker plots with median as lines and jittered raw values as closed circles (corresponding to each measurement). Boxes represent the interquartile range (IQR) and whiskers extend to 1.5*IQR. Bars represent the 95% confidence intervals with the estimated marginal means obtained from mixed effect models as dots (both back transformed to the response scale). Letters indicate statistical differences between EMMs of groups at the 0.05 significance level.

Article Snippet: ESFY-Q06 , Neustadt a. d. Weinstraße, Germany , Source: ’ Ca . P. prunorum’ infected C . pruni individuals caught in the course of transmission studies carried out 2006 at the experimental field of the AlPlanta-IPR, RLP AgroScience, Neustadt a.d. Weinstraße, Germany by Wolfgang Jarausch. , this study.

Techniques: Infection, Whisker Assay, Transformation Assay

Journal: PLoS Pathogens

Article Title: Specialized 16SrX phytoplasmas induce diverse morphological and physiological changes in their respective fruit crops

doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009459

Figure Lengend Snippet: The translocation was examined with the determination of the velocity of the phloem mass flow (cm h -1 ) using fluorescence and with the calculation of volumetric flow rates (cm 3 h -1 ) in mean single sieve elements. Both parameters were individually determined for (A) apple, (B) pear and (C) peach trees. Apple trees were infected with ‘ Candidatus Phytoplasma mali’ inducing apple proliferation (AP). Pear trees were infected with ‘ Candidatus Phytoplasma pyri’ causing pear decline (PD) and peach trees were infected with ‘ Candidatus Phytoplasma prunorum’ inducing European stone fruit yellows (ESFY). Infected apple trees (AP) showed a significant decrease of phloem mass flow velocity and volumetric flow rates in contrast to infected pear trees (PD) where a significant rise was observed. In infected peach trees (ESFY) the phloem mass flow velocity was not affected but the volumetric flow rate decreased significantly. Box-whisker plots with median as lines and jittered raw values as closed circles (corresponding to each measurement). Boxes represent the interquartile range (IQR) and whiskers extend to 1.5*IQR. Bars represent the 95% confidence intervals with the estimated marginal means obtained from mixed effect models as dots (both back transformed to the response scale). Letters indicate statistical differences between EMMs of groups at the 0.05 significance level.

Article Snippet: ESFY-Q06 , Neustadt a. d. Weinstraße, Germany , Source: ’ Ca . P. prunorum’ infected C . pruni individuals caught in the course of transmission studies carried out 2006 at the experimental field of the AlPlanta-IPR, RLP AgroScience, Neustadt a.d. Weinstraße, Germany by Wolfgang Jarausch. , this study.

Techniques: Translocation Assay, Fluorescence, Infection, Whisker Assay, Transformation Assay

Journal: PLoS Pathogens

Article Title: Specialized 16SrX phytoplasmas induce diverse morphological and physiological changes in their respective fruit crops

doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009459

Figure Lengend Snippet: Biological and geographical origin of phytoplasma strains.

Article Snippet: ESFY-Q06 , Neustadt a. d. Weinstraße, Germany , Source: ’ Ca . P. prunorum’ infected C . pruni individuals caught in the course of transmission studies carried out 2006 at the experimental field of the AlPlanta-IPR, RLP AgroScience, Neustadt a.d. Weinstraße, Germany by Wolfgang Jarausch. , this study.

Techniques: Infection, Transmission Assay