Journal: Cell communication and signaling : CCS

Article Title: PTGER4 signaling regulates class IIa HDAC function and SPINK4 mRNA levels in rectal epithelial cells.

doi: 10.1186/s12964-024-01879-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 5 PGE2-PTGER4 activates HDACs to increase SPINK4 expression. Western blot analysis for A EP4i, B PGE2 or EP4i, or C butyrate-treated organoid protein lysates probed for HDAC4 (S246)/ HDAC5 (S259)/ HDAC7 (S155), HDAC 4, and GAPDH as a loading control. The experiment in panel A is representative of an experiment that was performed on 2 different patients. Panels B and C are representative of experiments performed on 3 different patient samples. D RT-PCR fold-change quantification of SPINK4 normalized to β-ACTIN in organoids treated with PGE2 and/or LMK-235 (n = 5 different patient samples were used in this experiment). ns = non-significant; *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; Two-way ANOVA

Article Snippet: For detecting PTGER4 by Western blotting, rabbit anti-PTGER4 was obtained from Proteintech (cat. no. 24895–1-AP).

Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot, Control, Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction

Journal: Nature neuroscience

Article Title: NG2 glia protect against prion neurotoxicity by inhibiting microglia-to-neuron prostaglandin E2 signaling.

doi: 10.1038/s41593-024-01663-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 7 | PGE2 enhances prion neurotoxicity mainly through the EP4 receptor (Ptger4). a,b, Live-cell imaging (a) and quantitative analysis (b) of chronically prion-infected HovS cells expressing control (Ctrl) transgene or one of the four PGE2 receptors (Ptger1–4). Effects of PGE2 treatment on prion-induced cell toxicity were measured with the ratio of GFP signals under the PGE2 condition against the DMSO condition; n = 4 independent experiments. Data are presented as mean ± s.e.m. One-way ANOVA with Benjamini–Hochberg FDR adjustment for multiple comparisons: P < 0.0001 (Ptger1 versus Ctrl); P = 0.2246 (Ptger2 versus Ctrl); P = 0.3351 (Ptger3 versus Ctrl); P < 0.0001 (Ptger4 versus Ctrl). c, Immunofluorescence of NeuN, Map2 and Tau showing cellular damage of prion- infected primary neurons treated with different concentrations of Ptger4 agonist L902688. d, Quantification of neuronal density as well as Map2-positive and Tau positive areas shown in c; n = 6 independent experiments. Data are presented as

Article Snippet: Lenti-vectors used for expressing human PGE2 receptors EP1 (pLenti-PTGER1-mGFP-P2A-Puro, cat. no. RC208597L4), EP2 (pLenti-PTGER2-mGFP-P2A-Puro, cat. no. RC210883L4), EP3 (pLenti-PTGER3-mGFP-P2A-Puro, cat. no. RC220173L4) and EP4 (pLenti-PTGER4-mGFP-P2A-Puro, cat. no. RC210932L4) were purchased from OriGene Technologies.

Techniques: Live Cell Imaging, Infection, Expressing, Control, Immunofluorescence

Journal: Arthritis research & therapy

Article Title: Pharmacological characterisation of CR6086, a potent prostaglandin E 2 receptor 4 antagonist, as a new potential disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug.

doi: 10.1186/s13075-018-1537-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 1 Biochemical characterisation of CR6086 activity on prostaglandin E2 receptor 4 (EP4) receptors. a Effect of CR6086 on prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) binding to EP4 receptor. Membranes from human embryonic kidney cells 293 (HEK293) cells transfected with human EP4 receptor were incubated with [3H]PGE2 and CR6086 (range 1–3000 nM). The results are expressed as percentage inhibition of specific binding. Data are representative of five independent experiments. b Effect of CR6086 on cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) release from membranes of HEK293 cells transfected with human EP4 receptor and stimulated with 3 nM PGE2 in the presence of CR6086 (range 3–300 nM). Data are representative of three independent experiments. c CR6086 inhibition affinity constant [Ki], and [3H]PGE2 dissociation constant [Kd] towards human and rodent EP4 receptors

Article Snippet: For rodent EP4 receptor cloning, the cDNA encoding the full-length rat (NM_032076) or mouse (NM_001136079) EP4 receptors cloned in pCMV6 entry was provided by OriGene Inc. (TrueORF Gold, catalogue numbers RN206839 and MC216813; OriGene, Rockville, MD, USA).

Techniques: Activity Assay, Binding Assay, Transfection, Incubation, Inhibition

Journal: Arthritis research & therapy

Article Title: Pharmacological characterisation of CR6086, a potent prostaglandin E 2 receptor 4 antagonist, as a new potential disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug.

doi: 10.1186/s13075-018-1537-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 5 Pharmacokinetics of CR6086 in rats. a Unbound concentrations of CR6086 administered orally in the dose range of 1–30 mg/kg. The dashed line represents the inhibition constant (36.2 ng/ml) value for the rat prostaglandin E2 receptor 4. b Pharmacokinetic parameters

Article Snippet: For rodent EP4 receptor cloning, the cDNA encoding the full-length rat (NM_032076) or mouse (NM_001136079) EP4 receptors cloned in pCMV6 entry was provided by OriGene Inc. (TrueORF Gold, catalogue numbers RN206839 and MC216813; OriGene, Rockville, MD, USA).

Techniques: Drug discovery, Inhibition

Journal:

Article Title: Differential Regulation of The Aggressive Phenotype of Inflammatory Breast Cancer Cells By Prostanoid Receptors EP3 and EP4

doi: 10.1002/cncr.25167

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 2A. Effect of PGE2 and EP4 Agonist PGE1-Alcohol on Invasion. PGE2 and the EP4 agonist PGE1-alcohol induced significantly increased invasion of SUM149 cells but had no effect on invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells.

Article Snippet: The shRNA constructs against PTGER4 (EP4) were obtained from OriGene (Rockville, MD).

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology

Article Title: EP4 receptor stimulation in combination with core decompression therapy enhanced bone regeneration in a canine model of osteonecrosis of femoral head

doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2025.1622918

Figure Lengend Snippet: HE staining and immunohistochemistry of human femoral heads from patients with hip fracture (upper panels, 66 years old, female) and ONFH (lower panels, 73 years old, female). The black boxes are shown at higher magnification. Arrowheads indicate EP4-positive lining cells. HE, hematoxylin–eosin; ONFH, osteonecrosis of the femoral head.

Article Snippet: Immunohistochemical staining for EP4 was performed using a rabbit anti-EP4 antibody (1.0 mg/mL, NLS3890; Novus Biologicals, Centennial, CO, United States) or rabbit IgG (I-1000; Vector Laboratories, Newark, CA, United States) as a negative control.

Techniques: Staining, Immunohistochemistry

Journal: BMC Cancer

Article Title: The eicosanoids leukotriene D 4 and prostaglandin E 2 promote the tumorigenicity of colon cancer-initiating cells in a xenograft mouse model

doi: 10.1186/s12885-016-2466-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of LTD 4 or PGE 2 on CysLTR1, EP2, EP4, IL-1β, and IL-6 in ALDH − and ALDH + HCT-116 cells. a – c mRNA receptor expression of ( a ) CYSLT1R , ( b ) PTGER2 (EP2), ( c ) PTGER4 (EP4), ( d ) IL-1β and ( e ) IL-6 mRNA expression in ALDH − and ALDH + - HCT-116 cells with vehicle (ethanol), 10 μM of LTD 4 or PGE 2 treatment. The results are expressed as means ± SEM, n = 6 mice in each groups. * P < 0.05

Article Snippet: qPCR reactions employing TaqMan gene expression assays were used to measure tumor tissue expression of CysLT1R (Hs00272624_s1), PTGER2 (Hs00168754_m1), PTGRR4 (Hs00168761_m1), Arginase 1 (Mm00475988_m1), IL-1β (Mm00434228_m1; Hs00174097_m1), IL-6 (Mm00446190_m1; Hs00985639_m1) and IL-10 (Mm01288386_m1) genes (Applied Biosystems, Cambridge, United Kingdom) as described earlier [ ].

Techniques: Expressing