Journal: Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences

Article Title: A validated LC-ESI-MS/MS assay for simultaneous plasma quantification of 11 antimicrobials to support personalized dosing in critically ill children

doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2026.1745458

Figure Lengend Snippet: Representative chromatograms of double blank sample, IS of each ATB, LLOQ of 11 ATBs (Caspofungin, CAS; Cefazolin, CFZ; Cefmetazole, CMZ; Imipenem, IPM; Linezolid, LZD; Latamoxef, MOX; Meropenem, MEM; Posaconazole, POS; Tigecycline, TIG; Piperacillin, PRL; Voriconazole, VCZ; Caspofungin Acetate-d4, CAS-d4; Linezolid-d3, LZD-d3; Meropenem-d6, MEM-d6; Piperacillin-d5, PER-d5; Voriconazole-d3, VCZ-d3).

Article Snippet: Posaconazole (POS) was purchased from LGC Standards (Molsheim, France).

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: An Association of an eBURST Group With Triazole Resistance of Candida tropicalis Blood Isolates

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00934

Figure Lengend Snippet: A UPGMA dendrogram based on MLST of six gene fragments against antifungal susceptibility pattern of 48 C. tropicalis isolates causing candidemia in Thailand. a Susceptibility categorized based on epidemiologic cutoff values; underlined DST numbers, new DST identified in this study; Group, group defined by goeBURST; black box, resistant or non-wild type; gray box, susceptible dose dependent or intermediate; white box, susceptible or wild type. DST, diploid sequence type; VOR, voriconazole; IZ, itraconazole; FZ, fluconazole; AND; anidulafungin; MF, micafungin; CAS, caspofungin; AB, amphotericin B; PZ, posaconazole.

Article Snippet: The susceptibility of C. tropicalis to nine antifungal drugs (fluconazole, voriconazole, itraconazole, posaconazole, 5-flucytosine, anidulafungin, micafungin, caspofungin, and amphotericin B) was determined by using Sensititre YeastOne YO10 (SYO; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, United States), a colorimetric microdilution method, according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Sequencing

Journal: Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology

Article Title: Synergistic effect of pyrvinium pamoate and posaconazole against Cryptococcus neoformans in vitro and in vivo

doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1074903

Figure Lengend Snippet: Galleria mellonella survival curves following infection with Cryptococcus neoformans . Untreated group, uninfected larvae; Saline group, larvae injected with saline; yeast group, larvae infected with C. neoformans without any treatment; POS, C. neoformans -infected larvae treated with posaconazole (POS) alone; POS+PP, C. neoformans -infected larvae treated with POS combined with pyrvinium pamoate (PP); ITR, C. neoformans -infected larvae treated with itraconazole alone; ITR+PP, C. neoformans -infected larvae treated with ITR combined with PP; VOR, C. neoformans -infected larvae treated with voriconazole alone; VOR+PP, C. neoformans -infected larvae treated with VOR combined with PP; FLU, C. neoformans -infected larvae treated with fluconazole alone; FLU+PP, C. neoformans -infected larvae treated with FLU combined with PP; AmB, C. neoformans -infected larvae treated with amphotericin B alone; AmB+PP, C. neoformans -infected larvae treated with AmB combined with PP; PP, C. neoformans -infected larvae treated with PP alone (* p < 0.05. **** p < 0.0001).

Article Snippet: All drugs, including itraconazole (ITR) (Lot No. s2476), voriconazole (VOR) (Lot No. s1442), posaconazole (POS) (Lot No., s1257), FLU (Lot No. s1331), PP (lot No.5816), and AmB (lot No.1636) were both purchased as powders from Selleck.cn, were dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide or water (FLU) to a concentration of 6400ug/ml and stored at – 20°C.

Techniques: Infection, Saline, Injection

Journal: Journal of medicinal chemistry

Article Title: Relaxed Substrate Requirements of Sterol 14α-Demethylase from Naegleria fowleri Are Accompanied by Resistance to Inhibition.

doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01710

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 6. Inhibition of N. fowleri CYP51 catalytic activity by (A) antifungal drugs (fluconazole (FLU), voriconazole (VOR), itraconazole (ITR), ketoconazole (KET), isavuconazole (ISA), and posaconazole (POS)) and experimental inhibitors: (B) VNI and analogues and (C) VFV and analogues, 1 h reaction. The experiments were performed in triplicate; the results are presented as mean ± SD. P450 concentration is 0.5 μM. Statistics for IC50 calculations is shown in Table S2.

Article Snippet: 2021, 64, 17511−17522 17518 zole, and posaconazole were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX); isavuconazole was from Sigma-Aldrich, and fluconazole was from ICN Biomedicals.

Techniques: Inhibition, Activity Assay, Analogues, Concentration Assay

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Enhanced antifungal activity of posaconazole against Candida auris by HIV protease inhibitors, atazanavir and saquinavir

doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-52012-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vitro synergistic interactions of posaconazole with atazanavir and saquinavir against Candida auris.

Article Snippet: Drugs were obtained commercially as follows: atazanavir and saquinavir (Ambeed, Arlington Heights, IL, USA), chloramphenicol (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), cyclophosphamide (Cayman Chemical, Ann Arbor, MI, USA), posaconazole (Biosynth Carbosynth, San Diego, CA, USA), and ritonavir (TCI America, Portland, OR, USA).

Techniques: In Vitro

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Enhanced antifungal activity of posaconazole against Candida auris by HIV protease inhibitors, atazanavir and saquinavir

doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-52012-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: Time-kill of the HIV protease inhibitors (atazanavir (ATV), saquinavir (SQV)), and posaconazole (POS) alone and in combination against C. auris . ( A ) Time kill curve of C . auris AR0390. Data are presented as average log 10 CFU/ml of C . auris AR0390 at the corresponding time points. Statistical difference was measured via two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). An asterisk (*) denotes a statistically significant difference ( P < 0.0001) from the POS-treated cells. ( B ) Spotting assay was used to visualize the growth kinetics of C. auris in the presence and absence of treatments at the 24-h time point. ( C ) Effects of atazanavir and saquinavir on azole-resistant C. auris . MIC test strips of posaconazole (ranged from 32–0.002 µg/ml) in the presence and absence of atazanavir and saquinavir at 32 µg/mL.

Article Snippet: Drugs were obtained commercially as follows: atazanavir and saquinavir (Ambeed, Arlington Heights, IL, USA), chloramphenicol (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), cyclophosphamide (Cayman Chemical, Ann Arbor, MI, USA), posaconazole (Biosynth Carbosynth, San Diego, CA, USA), and ritonavir (TCI America, Portland, OR, USA).

Techniques: Spotting Assay

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Enhanced antifungal activity of posaconazole against Candida auris by HIV protease inhibitors, atazanavir and saquinavir

doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-52012-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: Anti-biofilm activity of the HIV-protease inhibitors/posaconazole combinations. The inhibitory effect of atazanavir/posaconazole (ATV/POS) (16/0.03 µg/mL), and saquinavir/ posaconazole (SQV/POS) (16/0.03 µg/mL) combinations on the formation of C. auris AR0390 biofilms was determined using OD 600 ( A ), which can be visualized using crystal violet ( B ). Statistical difference was measured via One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with the post hoc Dunnett’s test for multiple comparisons. An asterisk (*) denotes a statistically significant difference ( P < 0.0001) from the DMSO-treated (control).

Article Snippet: Drugs were obtained commercially as follows: atazanavir and saquinavir (Ambeed, Arlington Heights, IL, USA), chloramphenicol (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), cyclophosphamide (Cayman Chemical, Ann Arbor, MI, USA), posaconazole (Biosynth Carbosynth, San Diego, CA, USA), and ritonavir (TCI America, Portland, OR, USA).

Techniques: Activity Assay, Control

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Enhanced antifungal activity of posaconazole against Candida auris by HIV protease inhibitors, atazanavir and saquinavir

doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-52012-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: Reduction in fungal load in mice kidneys at 48 h post-infection with C. auris AR0390. Treatments were administered orally: posaconazole (3 mg/kg), atazanavir-ritonavir (ATV-RTV; 90–30 mg/kg), saquinavir-ritonavir (SQV-RTV; 200–20 mg/kg), posaconazole/atazanavir-ritonavir (POS/ATV-RTV; 3/90-30 mg/kg), posaconazole/saquinavir-ritonavir (POS/SQV-RTV; 3/200-20 mg/kg) for 2 days. Animals were humanely euthanized after 48 h, and the fungal burden was determined. The data are presented as average CFU in mice kidneys. The data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA with post-hoc Dunnett's test. An asterisk (*) denotes a statistically significant difference of mice treated with the corresponding treatments as compared to the vehicle-treated mice ( P < 0.05). A pound (#) indicates a statistically significant difference of mice treated with POS/ATV-RTV combination as compared to POS alone ( P < 0.05).

Article Snippet: Drugs were obtained commercially as follows: atazanavir and saquinavir (Ambeed, Arlington Heights, IL, USA), chloramphenicol (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), cyclophosphamide (Cayman Chemical, Ann Arbor, MI, USA), posaconazole (Biosynth Carbosynth, San Diego, CA, USA), and ritonavir (TCI America, Portland, OR, USA).

Techniques: Infection

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: In vitro synergistic activity of betulinic acid combined with azoles against pathogenic fungi

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2026.1835794

Figure Lengend Snippet: Summary of drug interaction for the combination of BA and azoles. (A) Species–specific summary of interactions between BA–azole combinations and pathogenic fungi. (B) Azole–specific summary of interactions between BA–azole combinations and pathogenic fungi. (C) Isobologram analysis of the synergistic interaction between BA and POS. The X-axis represents normalized POS concentration, and the Y-axis represents normalized BA concentration. Normalized concentration was calculated as the MIC of the drug in combination divided by the MIC of the drug alone. The solid diagonal line represents the theoretical additive effect based on the Loewe additivity model. The upper and lower dashed lines indicate the 95% confidence intervals of the additive line. Each symbol corresponds to a different clinical isolate. Data points located below the lower 95% confidence line indicate synergistic activity. S, synergy (FICI≤0.5); I, indifference (FICI from >0.5 to ≤4); A, antagonism (FICI of >4); BA, betulinic acid; ITR, itraconazole; VOR, voriconazole; POS, posaconazole; FLC, fluconazole. The synergism rate was calculated by dividing the number of strains exhibiting synergism by the total number of strains tested.

Article Snippet: The experimental drugs, such as ITR (HY–17514, purity = 99.59%), posaconazole (POS, HY–17373, purity = 99.95%) and BA (HY–N1451, purity = 98.77%), were obtained from MedChemExpress (MCE), NJ, USA.

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Activity Assay

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: In vitro synergistic activity of betulinic acid combined with azoles against pathogenic fungi

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2026.1835794

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A–Q) Detection of ROS levels after combined treatment with BA and POS; (R–U) Detection of ROS levels after combined treatment with BA and ITR. One–way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s HSD test was used for multiple group comparisons. POS, posaconazole; BA, betulinic acid; ns, p > 0.05; * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001; **** p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: The experimental drugs, such as ITR (HY–17514, purity = 99.59%), posaconazole (POS, HY–17373, purity = 99.95%) and BA (HY–N1451, purity = 98.77%), were obtained from MedChemExpress (MCE), NJ, USA.

Techniques:

Journal: Cell reports

Article Title: EGF-mediated suppression of cell extrusion during mucosal damage attenuates opportunistic fungal invasion

doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108896

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A and B) Maximum intensity projections of confocal images of R. arrhizus -GFP spores adhered to areas of damaged epithelial tissue with exposed laminin compared with homeostatic epithelium. Scale bar, 20 μm. (C) Quantification of spore adherence to wells coated with increasing concentrations of laminin. (D and E) Time-lapse imaging of R. arrhizus -GFP spores adhered at sites of epithelial damage undergoing germination. Arrowheads denote germlings/early hyphae. Asterisks denote epithelial cell extrusion. Scale bar, 20 μm. (F) Survival rates of larvae with induced cell loss infected with R. arrhizus 749 spores pre-coated or not with 0.2 or 2 μg/mL laminin. Aggregated survival rates based on 75 larvae per condition across five independent experiments, and SDs are plotted. (G) Survival rates of larvae with induced cell loss after addition of CotH-depleted R. arrhizus (CotHRNAi) and the corresponding wild-type control (control RNAi). (H) Survival rates of larvae with induced cell loss after addition efg1 , cph1 , or efg1/cph1 C. albicans mutants compared with an isogenic control (SC5314). Aggregated survival rates based on 44–45 larvae per condition across three independent experiments are plotted. Error bars represent SD. (I) Survival rates of larvae after induced cell loss after R. arrhizus infection and treatment with voriconazole (VRC), amphotericin B (AMB), and posaconazole (PCZ), normalized to the number of animals alive at the time of treatment (16 h post infection, n = 50–52 across five independent experiments). (F–I) Mantel-Cox log rank test.

Article Snippet: The following antifungal agents were used: Posaconazole (Toronto Research Chemicals Product: P689600), voriconazole (Sigma-Aldrich Product: 32483), and amphotericin B (Sigma-Aldrich Product: 46006).

Techniques: Imaging, Infection, Control

Journal: Cell reports

Article Title: EGF-mediated suppression of cell extrusion during mucosal damage attenuates opportunistic fungal invasion

doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108896

Figure Lengend Snippet: KEY RESOURCES TABLE

Article Snippet: The following antifungal agents were used: Posaconazole (Toronto Research Chemicals Product: P689600), voriconazole (Sigma-Aldrich Product: 32483), and amphotericin B (Sigma-Aldrich Product: 46006).

Techniques: Recombinant, Purification, Western Blot, Hybridization, Amplification, Gene Expression, Mutagenesis, Control, Software

Journal: Molecular pharmaceutics

Article Title: Novel High-Drug-Loaded Amorphous Dispersion Tablets of Posaconazole; In Vivo and In Vitro Assessment.

doi: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00471

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 2. CTD performance of posaconazole tablets at a 100-mg active dose compared to Noxafil

Article Snippet: Posaconazole (CAS 171228-49-2, >98% purity) was purchased from BOC Sciences (Shirley, NY, USA).

Techniques:

Journal: Molecular pharmaceutics

Article Title: Novel High-Drug-Loaded Amorphous Dispersion Tablets of Posaconazole; In Vivo and In Vitro Assessment.

doi: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00471

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 3. Blood plasma concentration profiles for posaconazole formulations dosed in vivo to

Article Snippet: Posaconazole (CAS 171228-49-2, >98% purity) was purchased from BOC Sciences (Shirley, NY, USA).

Techniques: Clinical Proteomics, Concentration Assay, In Vivo