Journal: Pharmaceuticals

Article Title: Effects of Magnesium Orotate, Benfotiamine and a Combination of Vitamins on Mitochondrial and Cholinergic Function in the TgF344-AD Rat Model of Alzheimer’s Disease

doi: 10.3390/ph14121218

Figure Lengend Snippet: Flow chart of the experimental design. Rats received either nutrients or vehicle by oral gavage for 14 days. The microdialysis probe was implanted on day 12. Microdialysis experiments (open field, scopolamine perfusion) were performed on day 13 and 14 to collect samples for acetylcholine, energy metabolites and magnesium measurements. Respirometry was done on day 14 with freshly prepared mitochondria from hippocampi of rats. Homogenates for AChE and ChAT measurements were also prepared on day 14.

Article Snippet: Y-shaped concentric microdialysis probes (Polysulfone membrane FX CorDiax 600, Fresenius Medical Care, Bad Homburg, Germany, 0123) with a molecular weight cut-off of 30 kDa and an exchange length of 3 mm were manufactured as described previously [ ] and implanted into the lateral hippocampus of fully anaesthetised rats by means of a stereotaxic instrument (Stoelting, Chicago, IL, USA).

Techniques:

Journal: Pharmaceuticals

Article Title: Effects of Magnesium Orotate, Benfotiamine and a Combination of Vitamins on Mitochondrial and Cholinergic Function in the TgF344-AD Rat Model of Alzheimer’s Disease

doi: 10.3390/ph14121218

Figure Lengend Snippet: Extracellular concentrations of metabolites as determined by microdialysis under basal conditions (not corrected for recovery) in rat hippocampus. Data are means ± SEM ( n = 8–10) and were analysed by one-way ANOVA. Glucose: F11,109 = 0.57, p = 0.85; Lactate: F11,109 = 0.86, p = 0.58; Lactate/Pyruvate ratio: F11,109 = 0.70, p = 0.73.

Article Snippet: Y-shaped concentric microdialysis probes (Polysulfone membrane FX CorDiax 600, Fresenius Medical Care, Bad Homburg, Germany, 0123) with a molecular weight cut-off of 30 kDa and an exchange length of 3 mm were manufactured as described previously [ ] and implanted into the lateral hippocampus of fully anaesthetised rats by means of a stereotaxic instrument (Stoelting, Chicago, IL, USA).

Techniques: Control, Transgenic Assay

Journal: Pharmaceuticals

Article Title: Effects of Magnesium Orotate, Benfotiamine and a Combination of Vitamins on Mitochondrial and Cholinergic Function in the TgF344-AD Rat Model of Alzheimer’s Disease

doi: 10.3390/ph14121218

Figure Lengend Snippet: Extracellular concentrations of magnesium (not corrected for recovery) as determined by microdialysis. ( A ) Young (6–7 month old) rats. ( B ) Old (15–16 month old) rats. Magnesium levels were measured in untreated wild-type and transgenic rats (WT, Tg) and after treatment with magnesium orotate (WT Mg, Tg Mg). Data are means ± SEM ( n = 4–19) and were analysed by one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s multiple comparison test: ( A ) F 3,46 = 5.82, p < 0.01. ( B ) Old rats: F 3,46 = 11.71, p < 0.001. ns, not significant vs. WT. * p < 0.05 vs. WT rats. # p < 0.05 vs. Tg rats.

Article Snippet: Y-shaped concentric microdialysis probes (Polysulfone membrane FX CorDiax 600, Fresenius Medical Care, Bad Homburg, Germany, 0123) with a molecular weight cut-off of 30 kDa and an exchange length of 3 mm were manufactured as described previously [ ] and implanted into the lateral hippocampus of fully anaesthetised rats by means of a stereotaxic instrument (Stoelting, Chicago, IL, USA).

Techniques: Transgenic Assay, Comparison

Journal: Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Article Title: Vitamin E-coated dialyzer alleviates erythrocyte deformability dysfunction in patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis

doi: 10.3892/etm.2022.11407

Figure Lengend Snippet: RBC morphology and deformability in patients with ESRD undergoing HD and healthy volunteers. (A) Representative RBC images were obtained using a scanning electron microscope in healthy donors and in patients with ESRD undergoing HD after 8 weeks (green arrows indicate dysmorphic RBCs; scale bar, 10 µm). (B) Percentages of dysmorphic RBCs. Erythrocyte deformability in healthy donors and patients with ESRD undergoing HD as reflected by the elongation index were tested under shear stress of (C) 3 Pa and (D) 30 Pa. All data are expressed as the mean ± SD. * P<0.05, PM or VEM group vs. control group before examination; # P<0.05, VEM group vs. control group 8 weeks after examination; & P<0.05, VEM group vs. PM group 8 weeks after examination. PM, polysulfone dialyzer membranes; VEM, vitamin E-coated dialyzer membrane; RBC, red blood cell; ESRD, end-stage renal disease.

Article Snippet: The patients were randomly assigned to two groups: HD with VEMs (Excebrane E15; Terumo Medical Corporation) (VEM group, n=24, 10 male and 14 female patients, aged 50±14 years) and HD with polysulfone dialyzer membranes (PMs) [F60; Fresenius SE & Co.) (PM group, n=24, 13 male and 11 female patients, aged 55±15 years).

Techniques: Microscopy

Journal: Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Article Title: Vitamin E-coated dialyzer alleviates erythrocyte deformability dysfunction in patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis

doi: 10.3892/etm.2022.11407

Figure Lengend Snippet: RBC redox metabolism parameters in patients with ESRD undergoing HD and healthy volunteers. The oxidative stress parameters of (A) ROS, (B) MetHb and (C) MDA in RBCs of healthy donors and patients with ESRD undergoing HD. The antioxidant parameters of (D) FRAP, (E) CAT and (F) SOD in RBCs of healthy donors and patients with ESRD undergoing HD. All data are expressed as the mean ± SD. * P<0.05, ** P<0.01, PM or VEM group vs. control group before examination; # P<0.05, VEM group vs. control group 8 weeks after examination; & P<0.05, VEM group vs. PM group 8 weeks after examination. PM, polysulfone dialyzer membrane; VEM, vitamin E-coated dialyzer membrane; RBC, red blood cell; SOD, superoxide dismutase; FRAP, ferric-reducing ability of plasma; CAT, catalase; ROS, reactive oxygen species; MDA, malondialdehyde; MetHb, methemoglobin; ESRD, end-stage renal disease.

Article Snippet: The patients were randomly assigned to two groups: HD with VEMs (Excebrane E15; Terumo Medical Corporation) (VEM group, n=24, 10 male and 14 female patients, aged 50±14 years) and HD with polysulfone dialyzer membranes (PMs) [F60; Fresenius SE & Co.) (PM group, n=24, 13 male and 11 female patients, aged 55±15 years).

Techniques:

Journal: Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Article Title: Vitamin E-coated dialyzer alleviates erythrocyte deformability dysfunction in patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis

doi: 10.3892/etm.2022.11407

Figure Lengend Snippet: Red blood cell serum vitamin E concentration in patients with ESRD undergoing HD and healthy volunteers. (A) Concentration of serum vitamin E in healthy donors and patients with ESRD undergoing HD. All data are expressed as the mean ± SD. ** P<0.01, PM or VEM group vs. control group before examination; # P<0.05, VEM group vs. control group 8 weeks after examination; & P<0.05, VEM group vs. PM group 8 weeks after examination. (B) Pearson correlation analysis between the concentration of serum vitamin E and the FRAP level in patients with ESRD undergoing HD ( r =0.762, P<0.001). (C) Pearson correlation analysis between the concentration of serum vitamin E and the ROS level in patients with ESRD undergoing HD ( r =0.795, P<0.001). FRAP, ferric-reducing ability of plasma; ROS, reactive oxygen species; ESRD, end-stage renal disease; PM, polysulfone dialyzer membrane; VEM, vitamin E-coated dialyzer membrane.

Article Snippet: The patients were randomly assigned to two groups: HD with VEMs (Excebrane E15; Terumo Medical Corporation) (VEM group, n=24, 10 male and 14 female patients, aged 50±14 years) and HD with polysulfone dialyzer membranes (PMs) [F60; Fresenius SE & Co.) (PM group, n=24, 13 male and 11 female patients, aged 55±15 years).

Techniques: Concentration Assay

Journal: Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Article Title: Vitamin E-coated dialyzer alleviates erythrocyte deformability dysfunction in patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis

doi: 10.3892/etm.2022.11407

Figure Lengend Snippet: Oxidative phosphorylation of Band 3 in RBCs of patients with ESRD undergoing HD and healthy volunteers. (A) Expression levels of Band 3 and tyrosine-p-Band 3 (Tyr) in healthy donors and patients with ESRD undergoing HD (red boxes indicate highly expressed clustered Band 3). (B) Densitometric analyses of clustered Band 3. (C) Ratio of p-Band 3(Tyr)/total Band 3 is shown. (D) Representative fluorescence micrographs for Band 3-labeled RBCs in healthy donors and patients with ESRD undergoing HD after 8 weeks (white arrows indicate the crosslink of Band 3 in RBCs; scale bar, 10 µm). All data are expressed as the mean ± SD. * P<0.05, PM or VEM group vs. control group before examination; # P<0.05, VEM group vs. control group 8 weeks after examination; & P<0.05, VEM group vs. PM group 8 weeks after examination. ESRD, end-stage renal disease; PM, polysulfone dialyzer membrane; VEM, vitamin E-coated dialyzer membrane; RBC, red blood cell.

Article Snippet: The patients were randomly assigned to two groups: HD with VEMs (Excebrane E15; Terumo Medical Corporation) (VEM group, n=24, 10 male and 14 female patients, aged 50±14 years) and HD with polysulfone dialyzer membranes (PMs) [F60; Fresenius SE & Co.) (PM group, n=24, 13 male and 11 female patients, aged 55±15 years).

Techniques: Expressing, Fluorescence, Labeling