Journal: Medicines

Article Title: Minimising Blood Stream Infection: Developing New Materials for Intravascular Catheters

doi: 10.3390/medicines7090049

Figure Lengend Snippet: Commercial catheter incorporating antimicrobial/antifouling features.

Article Snippet: Kimal , Altius ® ProActiv+ , Polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) , Contact.

Techniques:

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Fungal cell barriers and organelles are disrupted by polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB)

doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-29756-w

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fluorescence imaging showing the reduction of Con A- membrane fluorescence following exposure to increasing concentrations of PHMB. ( A ) S. cerevisiae cultures were treated with PHMB-rhodamine at 4 µg/ml and 8 µg/ml ( B ) C. albicans cultures were treated with 8 µg/ml and 12 µg/ml. Cultures were incubated at room temperature for 4 h and counter-stained with Con A-Alexa Fluor 488. Untreated control = growth media only. Images show quenching of membrane fluorescence intensity with increasing PHMB concentration. Graphs show measured fluorescence intensity of sampled cells (n = 20) at four symmetrical points along the cell membrane and averaged (mean ± SD). Membrane fluorescence was analysed by RM One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's multiple comparison test.

Article Snippet: PHMB and PHMB labelled with rhodamine (PHMB–rhodamine) were obtained from Tecrea Ltd, UK and stock solutions were made in sterile dH 2 O. Terbinafine (Sigma-Aldrich) stock solutions were made in 80% ethanol.

Techniques: Fluorescence, Imaging, Membrane, Incubation, Staining, Control, Concentration Assay, Comparison

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Fungal cell barriers and organelles are disrupted by polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB)

doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-29756-w

Figure Lengend Snippet: Confocal imaging of S. cerevisiae incubated with PHMB. S. cerevisiae were treated with PHMB-rhodamine (4 µg/ml) for 4 h at room temp. Cells were counterstained with DAPI and Con A-Alexa Fluor 488 and imaged by confocal microscopy. Top panels: Confocal images before (left) and after (right) image processing by SRRF. Bottom-left panel: Cross-sectional view of confocal Z-stacks of S. cerevisiae (59 slices). Images show PHMB-rhodamine accumulation within the cytosol and co-localisation with the nucleus (DAPI). The graph confirms high intracellular accumulation of PHMB-rhodamine.

Article Snippet: PHMB and PHMB labelled with rhodamine (PHMB–rhodamine) were obtained from Tecrea Ltd, UK and stock solutions were made in sterile dH 2 O. Terbinafine (Sigma-Aldrich) stock solutions were made in 80% ethanol.

Techniques: Imaging, Incubation, Confocal Microscopy

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Fungal cell barriers and organelles are disrupted by polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB)

doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-29756-w

Figure Lengend Snippet: Confocal imaging of C. albicans incubated with PHMB. C. albicans were treated with PHMB-rhodamine (4 µg/ml) for 4 h at room temp. Cells were counterstained with DAPI and Con A-Alexa Fluor 488 and imaged by confocal microscopy. Top panels: Confocal images before (left) and after (right) image processing by SRRF. Bottom-left panel: Cross-sectional view of confocal Z-stacks of C. albicans (35 slices). Images show PHMB-rhodamine accumulation within the cytosol and co-localisation with the nucleus (DAPI). The graph confirms high intracellular accumulation of PHMB-rhodamine.

Article Snippet: PHMB and PHMB labelled with rhodamine (PHMB–rhodamine) were obtained from Tecrea Ltd, UK and stock solutions were made in sterile dH 2 O. Terbinafine (Sigma-Aldrich) stock solutions were made in 80% ethanol.

Techniques: Imaging, Incubation, Confocal Microscopy

Journal: Healthcare

Article Title: Antifungal Effect of Non-Woven Textiles Containing Polyhexamethylene Biguanide with Sophorolipid: A Potential Method for Tinea Pedis Prevention

doi: 10.3390/healthcare2020183

Figure Lengend Snippet: Permeability of polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) into stratum corneum. Permeability was assessed using a cultured skin model. PHMB was added to the culture medium with a final concentration of 0.1%, with 0.1 and 1% of sophorolipid, then incubatedfor 120 min. Inner stratum corneum PHMB concentration was quantified via polyvinylsulphuric acid potassium salt titration. Data represent mean with SD ( n = 3). * p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB; Arch UK Biocides Ltd., Blackley, UK) alone or with 0.1 or 1% sophorolipid (synthesized as previously described [ ]) was added to the top of the stratum corneum of a three-dimensional cultured human skin model (LSE-high, Toyobo Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan) and quantified in the stratum corneum after 120 min to determine the degree of permeation.

Techniques: Permeability, Cell Culture, Concentration Assay, Titration

Journal: Healthcare

Article Title: Antifungal Effect of Non-Woven Textiles Containing Polyhexamethylene Biguanide with Sophorolipid: A Potential Method for Tinea Pedis Prevention

doi: 10.3390/healthcare2020183

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cytotoxicity of PHMB with sophorolipid. An MTT assay was used to determine cytotoxicity. Cell viability% = [(mean optical density of the sample − blank)/(mean optical density of the control − blank)] × 100. Data represent mean with SD ( n = 3). * p < 0.01, ** p < 0.001, compared to the baseline value.

Article Snippet: Polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB; Arch UK Biocides Ltd., Blackley, UK) alone or with 0.1 or 1% sophorolipid (synthesized as previously described [ ]) was added to the top of the stratum corneum of a three-dimensional cultured human skin model (LSE-high, Toyobo Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan) and quantified in the stratum corneum after 120 min to determine the degree of permeation.

Techniques: MTT Assay, Control

Journal: Healthcare

Article Title: Antifungal Effect of Non-Woven Textiles Containing Polyhexamethylene Biguanide with Sophorolipid: A Potential Method for Tinea Pedis Prevention

doi: 10.3390/healthcare2020183

Figure Lengend Snippet: Antifungal effect of PHMB with sophorolipid in vitro . Values indicate log-transformed colony forming units (CFUs). CFUs of fungi within each cultured tissue sample was determined by agar plate culture. Data represent mean with SD ( n = 3). * p < 0.01, ** p < 0.001, compared to the baseline value.

Article Snippet: Polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB; Arch UK Biocides Ltd., Blackley, UK) alone or with 0.1 or 1% sophorolipid (synthesized as previously described [ ]) was added to the top of the stratum corneum of a three-dimensional cultured human skin model (LSE-high, Toyobo Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan) and quantified in the stratum corneum after 120 min to determine the degree of permeation.

Techniques: In Vitro, Transformation Assay, Cell Culture

Journal: Healthcare

Article Title: Antifungal Effect of Non-Woven Textiles Containing Polyhexamethylene Biguanide with Sophorolipid: A Potential Method for Tinea Pedis Prevention

doi: 10.3390/healthcare2020183

Figure Lengend Snippet: Antifungal effect of PHMB in healthy volunteers. Values indicate log-transformed CFUs. To calculate log CFUs for each feet, we added 0.5 for each raw value. Value in the soap washing group was zero and not shown in this graph. Error bars indicate standard deviation ( n = 4). * p < 0.001, multiple comparison by Bonferroni adjustment.

Article Snippet: Polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB; Arch UK Biocides Ltd., Blackley, UK) alone or with 0.1 or 1% sophorolipid (synthesized as previously described [ ]) was added to the top of the stratum corneum of a three-dimensional cultured human skin model (LSE-high, Toyobo Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan) and quantified in the stratum corneum after 120 min to determine the degree of permeation.

Techniques: Transformation Assay, Standard Deviation, Comparison