Journal: eLife

Article Title: NE contribution to rebooting unconsciousness caused by midazolam

doi: 10.7554/eLife.97954

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) A schematic of ICV injection of different noradrenergic receptor agonists and antagonists. ( B ) A representative photomicrograph showing the tracks of cannulas implanted into the lateral ventricle. ( C–H ) Results show the effects of ICV injection of different doses of phenylephrine, prazosin, clonidine, yohimbine, isoprenaline, and propranolol on the recovery time of midazolam. ( I ) Results show the effects of ICV injection of phenylephrine (20 mg/mL) and different doses of propranolol on the recovery time of midazolam. ( J ) Protocol for PS of LC NE neurons and ICV injection or intra-VLPO microinjection of α1-R antagonist. ( K ) Schematic of the brief process of optogenetic activation. ( L ) The representative photomicrograph showing microinjection and optical fiber locations of the co-expression of hChR2 and TH in the LC. Moreover, quantification of the percentage of eYFP (+)/TH (+) colocalization in all TH (+) neurons in LC is shown. ( M, O ) A representative photomicrograph showing the tracks of cannulas implanted into the lateral ventricle and bilateral VLPO. ( N, P ) Results show the effects of PS of LC NE neurons and ICV injection or intra-VLPO microinjection of prazosin on the recovery time of midazolam. ( Q ) Protocol for chemogenetic activation of LC NE neurons and ICV injection or intra-VLPO microinjection of an α1-R antagonist. ( R ) Schematic of the location of virus injection. ( S ) The representative photomicrograph showing the co-expression of hM3Dq and TH in the LC of male mice. Moreover, quantification of the percentage of mCherry (+)/TH (+) colocalization in all TH (+) neurons in LC is shown. ( T, V ) A representative photomicrograph showing the tracks of cannulas implanted into the lateral ventricle and bilateral VLPO in the male mice. ( U, W ) Results show the effects of chemogenetic activation of LC NE neurons and ICV injection or intra-VLPO microinjection of prazosin on the recovery time of midazolam in male mice. ( X ) A representative photomicrograph showing the co-expression of hM3Dq and TH in the LC. Moreover, quantification of the percentage of mCherry (+)/TH (+) colocalization in all TH (+) neurons in LC is shown. ( Y ) The tracks of cannulas implanted into the bilateral VLPO in the female mice. ( Z ) Results show the effects of chemogenetic activation of LC NE neurons and intra-VLPO microinjection of prazosin on the recovery time of midazolam in female mice. LC: locus coeruleus; VLPO: ventrolateral preoptic nucleus; i.p.: intraperitoneal injection; LORR: loss of righting reflex; RORR: recovery of righting reflex; TH: tyrosine hydroxylase; ICV: intracerebroventricular; PS: photostimulation; *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001.

Article Snippet: Three minutes before IP injection of midazolam, 2000 nL of the α1 receptor agonist phenylephrine (10 mg/mL, 20 mg/mL, n = 8, HY-B0471, MedChemExpress) or α1 receptor antagonist prazosin (0.75 mg/mL, 1.5 mg/ml, n = 8, HY-B0193, MedChemExpress) or α2 receptor agonist clonidine (0.75 mg/mL, 1.5 mg/mL, n = 9, HY-B0409, MedChemExpress) or α2 receptor yohimbine (15 μmol/mL, 22.5 μmol/mL, 30 μmol/mL, n = 8, Y111137, Aladdin) or β receptor agonist isoprenaline (2 mg/mL, 4 mg/mL, n = 7, I5627, Sigma-Aldrich) or β receptor antagonist propranolol (2.5 mg/mL, 5 mg/mL, n = 6, HY-B0573, MedChemExpress) or vehicle was administered via the lateral ventricle catheter.

Techniques: Injection, Microinjection, Activation Assay, Expressing, Virus

Journal: BMC chemistry

Article Title: Optimization of HPLC methods for the development of quality control methods of combined powder formulations with paracetamol, phenylephrine hydrochloride, pheniramine maleate.

doi: 10.1186/s13065-025-01488-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 3 Comparison of the greenness profiles (MOGAPI score) between the proposed method for determining paracetamol, phenylephrine hydrochloride and pheniramine maleate in powder (A) and proposed method for determining paracetamol impurity 4-aminophenol in powder (B)

Article Snippet: The standards for the active ingredients paracetamol (purity ≤ 99% (HPLC)), phenylephrine hydrochloride (purity ≤ 99% (HPLC)), pheniramine maleate (purity ≤ 99% (HPLC)) and its specified impurity of paracetamol, 4-aminophenol (purity ≤ 99% (HPLC)) was supplied by EDQM and USP.

Techniques: Comparison