Journal: Cell reports

Article Title: Gα13 loss in Kras/Tp53 mouse model of pancreatic tumorigenesis promotes tumors susceptible to rapamycin.

doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110441

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 2. Human PDAC tumors with reduced Ga13 expression and tumors developing in the KPCGfl/fland KPCGfl/+ mice demonstrate increased mTOR signaling (A) Analysis of samples in cBioPortal with low and high expression of GNA13 for E-cadherin (CDH1), catenin-b1 (CTNNB1), claudin-7 (CLDN7), p-PDK1 (p-S241), mTOR, RPS6, and EEF2 at the protein level using the reverse-phase protein array (RPPA) data (n = 43 and 43, respectively). t test, mean ± SEM,*p % 0.05, **p % 0.01.

Article Snippet: Primary antibodies used include Ga13 (Santa Cruz #sc-293424, 1:1,000), E-cadherin (Cell Signaling #3195, RRID:AB_2291471, 1: 5,000), PDK1 (Cell Signaling #5662, AB_10839264, 1:1,000), p-PDK1 (Cell Signaling #3438, RRID:AB_2161134 1:1,000) mTOR (Cell Signaling #2983, RRID: AB_2105622, 1:1,000), p-mTOR(Abcam ab109268, RRID: AB_10888105, 1:1,000), RPS6(Cell Signaling #2217, RRID:AB_331355, 1:10,000), p-RPS6 (Cell Signaling #4858, RRID: AB_916156, 1:10,000), Gapdh (Millipore Sigma #MAB374, RRID: AB_2107445 1:5,000), and Hsp90 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology sc-7947, RRID: AB_2121235 1:5,000).

Techniques: Expressing, Protein Array

Journal: Cell reports

Article Title: Gα13 loss in Kras/Tp53 mouse model of pancreatic tumorigenesis promotes tumors susceptible to rapamycin.

doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110441

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 4. Ga13 loss sensitizes KPC tumors to the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin and reduces tumor growth in vivo (A) Syngeneic KPCG+/+ and KPCGfl/fltumors were analyzed for p-Pdk1, Pdk1, p-mTOR, mTOR, p-Rps6, and Rps6 by western blotting using Hsp90 as a loading control. (B and C) The KPCG+/+ and KPCGfl/flcells were implanted subcutaneously in the flank of B6 mice (6–8 weeks old) and treated with vehicle control or rapamycin (60 mg/kg daily; arrow indicates the start of treatment), once the tumors reached 100 mm3. The tumor sizes were measured using a caliper, harvested day 27,

Article Snippet: Primary antibodies used include Ga13 (Santa Cruz #sc-293424, 1:1,000), E-cadherin (Cell Signaling #3195, RRID:AB_2291471, 1: 5,000), PDK1 (Cell Signaling #5662, AB_10839264, 1:1,000), p-PDK1 (Cell Signaling #3438, RRID:AB_2161134 1:1,000) mTOR (Cell Signaling #2983, RRID: AB_2105622, 1:1,000), p-mTOR(Abcam ab109268, RRID: AB_10888105, 1:1,000), RPS6(Cell Signaling #2217, RRID:AB_331355, 1:10,000), p-RPS6 (Cell Signaling #4858, RRID: AB_916156, 1:10,000), Gapdh (Millipore Sigma #MAB374, RRID: AB_2107445 1:5,000), and Hsp90 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology sc-7947, RRID: AB_2121235 1:5,000).

Techniques: In Vivo, Western Blot, Control

Journal: Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Article Title: Effect of Huaier on the proliferation and apoptosis of human gastric cancer cells through modulation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway

doi: 10.3892/etm.2015.2600

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of Huaier extract on the protein expression of AKT1, PI3K, PTEN, PDK1, caspase-9 and Bcl-2 in SGC7901 cells. The expression of GAPDH was used as an internal control. The SGC7901 cells were treated with 0, 2.5 and 5 mg/ml Huaier for 24 h, and (A) western blotting was used to analyze the protein expression. (B) Quantification of the data. The experiment was performed in triplicate, and the data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation of the three separate experiments. *P<0.05 and **P<0.01, compared with the control. p-, phosphorylated-; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; PTEN, phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase; PDK1, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isoform 1; Bcl-2, B-cell lymphoma 2; BAD, Bcl-2-associated death promoter.

Article Snippet: Primary monoclonal antibodies against AKT (1:1,000; 10176-2-AP), PDK1 (1:1,000; 10026-1-AP), Bcl-2-associated death promoter (BAD; 1:1,000; 10435-1-AP) and GAPDH (1:4,000; 60004-1-Ig) were purchased from Proteintech (Manchester, UK), while monoclonal antibodies against p-AKT (The-308; 1:800; 2118-1), p-AKT (Ser-473; 1:800; 2214-1), PI3K (1:1,000; 1593-S), PTEN (1:1,000; 5171-1), p-PTEN (1:1,000; 2134-1), Bcl-2 (1:1,000; 10026-1-AP), pro-caspase-9 (1:1,000; 1023-1) and cyclin B1 (1:2,000; 1495-1) were obtained from Abcam (Cambridge, UK), and monoclonal anti-cleaved-caspase-9 (1:1,000; sc-22182) was from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. (Shanghai, China).

Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot, Standard Deviation

Journal: Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Article Title: Effect of Huaier on the proliferation and apoptosis of human gastric cancer cells through modulation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway

doi: 10.3892/etm.2015.2600

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of Huaier extract on the protein expression of AKT1, PI3K, PTEN, PDK1, caspase-9 and Bcl-2. The expression of GAPDH was used as an internal control. MKN45 cells were treated with 0, 2.5 and 5 mg/ml for 24 h, and (A) western blotting was used to analyze the protein expression. (B) Quantification of the data. The experiment was performed in triplicate, and the data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation of the three separate experiments. *P<0.05 and **P<0.01, compared with the control. p-, phosphorylated-; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; PTEN, phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase; PDK1, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isoform 1; Bcl-2, B-cell lymphoma 2; BAD, Bcl-2-associated death promoter.

Article Snippet: Primary monoclonal antibodies against AKT (1:1,000; 10176-2-AP), PDK1 (1:1,000; 10026-1-AP), Bcl-2-associated death promoter (BAD; 1:1,000; 10435-1-AP) and GAPDH (1:4,000; 60004-1-Ig) were purchased from Proteintech (Manchester, UK), while monoclonal antibodies against p-AKT (The-308; 1:800; 2118-1), p-AKT (Ser-473; 1:800; 2214-1), PI3K (1:1,000; 1593-S), PTEN (1:1,000; 5171-1), p-PTEN (1:1,000; 2134-1), Bcl-2 (1:1,000; 10026-1-AP), pro-caspase-9 (1:1,000; 1023-1) and cyclin B1 (1:2,000; 1495-1) were obtained from Abcam (Cambridge, UK), and monoclonal anti-cleaved-caspase-9 (1:1,000; sc-22182) was from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. (Shanghai, China).

Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot, Standard Deviation

Journal: The Journal of Biological Chemistry

Article Title: Regulatory Effects of Ribosomal S6 Kinase 1 (RSK1) in IFN? Signaling *

doi: 10.1074/jbc.M110.183566

Figure Lengend Snippet: IFNλ-dependent activation of ERK/RSK1 and mTOR signaling cascades in HT-29 cells. A–F, serum-starved HT-29 cells were pretreated for 60 min with U0126 or rapamycin and were either left untreated or treated with IFNλ, in the continuous presence or absence of rapamycin or U0126, as indicated. The cells were lysed, and total cell lysates were resolved by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotted with antibodies against the phosphorylated form of RSK1 on Thr359/Ser363 or against RSK1 (A); with antibodies against the phosphorylated forms of ERK on Thr202/Tyr204 or against ERK (B); with antibodies against the phosphorylated form of eIF4B on Ser422 or against eIF4B (C); with antibodies against the phosphorylated form of mTOR on Ser2448 or against GAPDH (D); with antibodies against the phosphorylated form of p70S6K on Thr421/Ser424 or against p70S6K (E); or with antibodies against the phosphorylated forms of 4E-BP1 on Thr37/46 or against GAPDH (F), as indicated.

Article Snippet: SL0101-1 was used at a final concentration of 80 μ m , and BI-D1870 was used at a final concentration of 10 μ m . GST-4E-BP1, His-tagged 4E-BP1, and active PDK1 were from SignalChem (Richmond, Canada).

Techniques: Activation Assay, SDS Page

Journal: The Journal of Biological Chemistry

Article Title: Regulatory Effects of Ribosomal S6 Kinase 1 (RSK1) in IFN? Signaling *

doi: 10.1074/jbc.M110.183566

Figure Lengend Snippet: IFNλ-dependent activation of RSK1 and mTOR pathways in ARPE-19 cells. A–C, serum-starved ARPE-19 cells were pretreated with rapamycin or U0126 as indicated and then treated with IFNλ for the indicated times. Total cell lysates were resolved by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotted with anti-phospho-Thr359/Ser363 RSK1, anti-RSK1, anti-phospho-Ser422-eIF4B, or anti-eIF4B antibodies (A); with anti-phospho-Thr37/46-4E-BP1 or anti-GAPDH antibodies (B); or with antibodies against the phosphorylated form of p70S6K on Thr421/Ser424 or against p70S6K or anti-GAPDH (C), as indicated.

Article Snippet: SL0101-1 was used at a final concentration of 80 μ m , and BI-D1870 was used at a final concentration of 10 μ m . GST-4E-BP1, His-tagged 4E-BP1, and active PDK1 were from SignalChem (Richmond, Canada).

Techniques: Activation Assay, SDS Page

Journal: The Journal of Biological Chemistry

Article Title: Regulatory Effects of Ribosomal S6 Kinase 1 (RSK1) in IFN? Signaling *

doi: 10.1074/jbc.M110.183566

Figure Lengend Snippet: Binding of 4E-BP1 and RSK1 to the 7-methylguanosine cap complex prevents recruitment of eIF4G, eIF4A, and eIF4E to the cap complex. A, serum-starved HT-29 cells were pretreated for 60 min with U0126 or rapamycin and were either left untreated or treated with IFNλ, in the continuous presence or absence of rapamycin or U0126, as indicated. Cell lysates were bound to the cap analog m7GTP conjugated to beads, and bound proteins were resolved by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotted with the indicated antibodies. B, HT-29 cells were treated as indicated and assayed as described in A. Bound proteins were immunoblotted with the indicated antibodies. C, serum-starved HT-29 cells were pretreated for 6 h with SL0101-1 and were subsequently treated with IFNλ, as indicated. D, serum-starved HT-29 cells were pretreated for 60 min with U0126 or rapamycin and then treated with IFNλ, in the continuous presence or absence of rapamycin or U0126, as indicated. Equal amounts of cell lysates were immunoprecipitated (IP) with an anti-4E-BP1 antibody, and immune complexes were resolved by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotted with anti-RSK1 or anti-4E-BP1 antibodies, as indicated. E, HT-29 cells were pretreated for 6 h with SL0101-1 and were left untreated or treated with IFNλ, in the continuous presence or absence of inhibitor, as indicated. Equal amounts of cell lysates were immunoprecipitated with anti-4EBP1 antibodies, and immune complexes were resolved by SDS-PAGE for analysis of 4E-BP1 and RSK1, as indicated. F, HT-29 cells were transfected with either control siRNA or siRNA specifically targeting 4E-BP1 and treated with IFNλ, as indicated. Total cell lysates were resolved by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotted with antibodies, against 4E-BP1 or GAPDH, as indicated. G, cells were transfected with either control siRNA or siRNA specifically targeting 4E-BP1 and treated with IFNλ, as indicated. Cell lysates were bound to the cap analog m7GTP conjugated to beads, and bound proteins were resolved by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotted with the indicated antibodies.

Article Snippet: SL0101-1 was used at a final concentration of 80 μ m , and BI-D1870 was used at a final concentration of 10 μ m . GST-4E-BP1, His-tagged 4E-BP1, and active PDK1 were from SignalChem (Richmond, Canada).

Techniques: Binding Assay, SDS Page, Immunoprecipitation, Transfection

Journal: The Journal of Biological Chemistry

Article Title: Regulatory Effects of Ribosomal S6 Kinase 1 (RSK1) in IFN? Signaling *

doi: 10.1074/jbc.M110.183566

Figure Lengend Snippet: Binding of inactive RSK1 to 4E-BP1. A, equal amounts of GST-RSK1 or GST-RSK1 (activated) were annealed with 4E-BP1-His and then bound to the His affinity column. Equal amounts from fractions collected from the affinity column were resolved by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotted with antibodies against GST or 4E-BP1, as indicated. B, input protein levels from the experiment shown in A for GST-RSK1 (sample A) or GST-RSK1 activated (sample B). Immunoblotting with anti-GST or the anti-phospho-Ser221 RSK1 or anti-4E-BP1 (to detect His-4E-BP1) is shown. C, equal amounts of GST-RSK1 were subjected to in vitro kinase assays using active ERK1 and active PDK1, in the presence or absence of the SL0101-1 inhibitor, and then were annealed with 4E-BP1-His and bound to the His affinity column. After extensive washing, proteins were eluted from the column, and equal amounts from each eluted sample were resolved by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotted with antibodies against GST and 4E-BP1, as indicated. D, equal amounts of GST-RSK1 (activated) or GST-RSK1 (activated) that was subjected to an in vitro phosphatase (PP2A) assay were annealed with 4E-BP1-His. After binding to the His affinity column and extensive washing, proteins were eluted from the column, and equal amounts of eluted samples were resolved by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotted with antibodies against GST or 4E-BP1, as indicated. E, input protein levels from the experiment shown in D (panel A) for activated GST-RSK1 (sample A) or activated GST-RSK1 after subjected to in vitro phosphatase (PP2A) assay (sample B) or GST (sample C). Immunoblotting with anti-GST, anti-phospho-Ser221 RSK1 or anti-4E-BP1 (to detect 4E-BP1-His) is shown.

Article Snippet: SL0101-1 was used at a final concentration of 80 μ m , and BI-D1870 was used at a final concentration of 10 μ m . GST-4E-BP1, His-tagged 4E-BP1, and active PDK1 were from SignalChem (Richmond, Canada).

Techniques: Binding Assay, Affinity Column, SDS Page, Western Blot, In Vitro

Journal: The Journal of Biological Chemistry

Article Title: Regulatory Effects of Ribosomal S6 Kinase 1 (RSK1) in IFN? Signaling *

doi: 10.1074/jbc.M110.183566

Figure Lengend Snippet: RSK1 activity is required for IFNλ-dependent phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 on Thr37/46. A, serum-starved HT-29 cells were pretreated with SL0101-1 or diluent for 6 h and then treated with IFNλ for the indicated times, in the continuous presence or absence of SL0101-1, as indicated. Total cell lysates were resolved by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotted with the indicated antibodies. Equal cell lysates from the same experiment were analyzed separately by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotted with an anti-phospho-RSK1 (Ser221) and anti-RSK1. B, HT29 cells were transfected with either control siRNA or siRNA targeting RSK1 and treated with IFNλ, as indicated. Total cell lysates were resolved by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotted with the indicated antibodies. C, serum-starved HT-29 cells were pretreated with U0126 for 1 h and then treated with IFNλ for 90 min. The cells were lysed, and equal amounts of protein were immunoprecipitated (IP) with an anti-RSK1 antibody. In vitro kinase assays to detect RSK activity were subsequently carried out on the immunoprecipitates, using a 4E-BP1-His protein as an exogenous substrate. D, serum-starved HT-29 cells were pretreated with SL0101-1 for 6 h or BI-D1870 for 1 h and then treated with IFNλ for the indicated times. The cells were lysed, and equal amounts of protein were immunoprecipitated with an anti-RSK1 antibody. In vitro kinase assays to detect RSK activity were subsequently carried out on the immunoprecipitates, using a GST-4E-BP1 protein as an exogenous substrate.

Article Snippet: SL0101-1 was used at a final concentration of 80 μ m , and BI-D1870 was used at a final concentration of 10 μ m . GST-4E-BP1, His-tagged 4E-BP1, and active PDK1 were from SignalChem (Richmond, Canada).

Techniques: Activity Assay, SDS Page, Transfection, Immunoprecipitation, In Vitro

Journal: The Journal of Biological Chemistry

Article Title: Regulatory Effects of Ribosomal S6 Kinase 1 (RSK1) in IFN? Signaling *

doi: 10.1074/jbc.M110.183566

Figure Lengend Snippet: RSK1 associates with 4E-BP1 in the 7-methylguanosine cap complex. A, serum-starved 4E-BP1+/+ and 4E-BP1−/− cells were treated with mouse IFNα for the indicated times. Equal amounts of cell lysates were incubated with cap analog beads, and after intensive washing, the retained proteins were resolved by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotted with antibodies against RSK1, 4E-BP1, or eIF4E. B, total cell lysates from the same experiment shown in A were resolved by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotted with the indicated antibodies.

Article Snippet: SL0101-1 was used at a final concentration of 80 μ m , and BI-D1870 was used at a final concentration of 10 μ m . GST-4E-BP1, His-tagged 4E-BP1, and active PDK1 were from SignalChem (Richmond, Canada).

Techniques: Incubation, SDS Page

Journal: Experimental and therapeutic medicine

Article Title: PDK1 inhibition reduces autophagy and cell senescence through the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway in a cigarette smoke mouse emphysema model.

doi: 10.3892/etm.2023.11922

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 1. Evaluation of the mouse emphysema model. H&E staining of lung tissues from the (A) control, (B) emphysema, (C) PI3K inhibitor and (D) PDK1 inhibitor groups. Magnification, x400. (E) IL‑6 protein levels and (F) total cell count in BALF. Numbers of (G) neutrophils and (H) macrophages in BALF. (I) MLI and (J) DI were measured show the extent of airway remodelling in lung tissues. aP<0.05 vs. control. bP<0.05 vs. emphysema. BALF, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; MLI, mean linear intercept; DI, destructive index; CS + CSE, emphysema group; CS3, PI3K inhibitor group; CS1, PDK1 inhibitor group; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol‑3‑kinase; PDK1, phosphoinositide dependent protein kinase 1.

Article Snippet: After the PVDF membrane was blocked with 5% BSA (cat. no. A8020; Beijing Solarbio Science & Technology Co., Ltd.) for 1 h at room temperature, it was incubated overnight at 4 ̊C with the following primary anti‐ bodies: PI3K (1:5,000; cat. no. 60225‐1‐1g); PDK1 (1:500; cat. no. 18262‐1‐AP); AKT (1:5,000; cat. no. 60203‐1‐1g); LC3B (1:500; cat. no. 18725‐1‐AP) (ProteinTech Group, Inc.) and p16 (1:2,000; cat. no. R22878; Zen BioScience Co., Ltd.).

Techniques: Staining, Control, Cell Counting

Journal: Experimental and therapeutic medicine

Article Title: PDK1 inhibition reduces autophagy and cell senescence through the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway in a cigarette smoke mouse emphysema model.

doi: 10.3892/etm.2023.11922

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 3. Expression of LC3B protein in airway epithelial tissues. (A) Immunofluorescence staining for LC3BII in airway epithelial tissue. Magnification, x400. (B) Comparison of LC3B protein expression among the experimental groups. aP<0.05 vs. control. bP<0.05 vs. emphysema. CS + CSE, emphysema group; CS3, PI3K inhibitor group; CS1, PDK1 inhibitor group; PDK1, phosphoinositide dependent protein kinase 1; MFI, mean fluorescence intensity.

Article Snippet: After the PVDF membrane was blocked with 5% BSA (cat. no. A8020; Beijing Solarbio Science & Technology Co., Ltd.) for 1 h at room temperature, it was incubated overnight at 4 ̊C with the following primary anti‐ bodies: PI3K (1:5,000; cat. no. 60225‐1‐1g); PDK1 (1:500; cat. no. 18262‐1‐AP); AKT (1:5,000; cat. no. 60203‐1‐1g); LC3B (1:500; cat. no. 18725‐1‐AP) (ProteinTech Group, Inc.) and p16 (1:2,000; cat. no. R22878; Zen BioScience Co., Ltd.).

Techniques: Expressing, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Comparison, Control, Fluorescence

Journal: Experimental and therapeutic medicine

Article Title: PDK1 inhibition reduces autophagy and cell senescence through the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway in a cigarette smoke mouse emphysema model.

doi: 10.3892/etm.2023.11922

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 2. Expression of PI3K, PDK1 and AKT proteins in the airway epithelial tissue. Immunohistochemical staining for (A) PI3K (B) PDK1 (C) AKT expression in the airway epithelial tissues. Magnification, x400. Quantification of (D) PI3K (E) PDK1 (F) AKT protein expression in the airway epithelial tissues in each group. aP<0.05 vs. control. bP<0.05 vs. emphysema. CS + CSE, emphysema group; CS3, PI3K inhibitor group; CS1, PDK1 inhibitor group; PDK1, phosphoinositide dependent protein kinase 1; AOD, average optical density.

Article Snippet: After the PVDF membrane was blocked with 5% BSA (cat. no. A8020; Beijing Solarbio Science & Technology Co., Ltd.) for 1 h at room temperature, it was incubated overnight at 4 ̊C with the following primary anti‐ bodies: PI3K (1:5,000; cat. no. 60225‐1‐1g); PDK1 (1:500; cat. no. 18262‐1‐AP); AKT (1:5,000; cat. no. 60203‐1‐1g); LC3B (1:500; cat. no. 18725‐1‐AP) (ProteinTech Group, Inc.) and p16 (1:2,000; cat. no. R22878; Zen BioScience Co., Ltd.).

Techniques: Expressing, Immunohistochemical staining, Staining, Control

Journal: Experimental and therapeutic medicine

Article Title: PDK1 inhibition reduces autophagy and cell senescence through the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway in a cigarette smoke mouse emphysema model.

doi: 10.3892/etm.2023.11922

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 4. Expression of p16 protein in the airway epithelial tissues. (A) Immunofluorescence staining for the analysis of p16 protein expression in airway epithelial tissues. Magnification, x400. (B) Comparison of p16 protein expression among the experimental groups. aP<0.05 vs. control. bP<0.05 vs. emphysema. CS + CSE, emphysema group; CS3, PI3K inhibitor group; CS1, PDK1 inhibitor group; PDK1, phosphoinositide dependent protein kinase 1; p16, cyclin‑dependent kinase inhibitor 2A.

Article Snippet: After the PVDF membrane was blocked with 5% BSA (cat. no. A8020; Beijing Solarbio Science & Technology Co., Ltd.) for 1 h at room temperature, it was incubated overnight at 4 ̊C with the following primary anti‐ bodies: PI3K (1:5,000; cat. no. 60225‐1‐1g); PDK1 (1:500; cat. no. 18262‐1‐AP); AKT (1:5,000; cat. no. 60203‐1‐1g); LC3B (1:500; cat. no. 18725‐1‐AP) (ProteinTech Group, Inc.) and p16 (1:2,000; cat. no. R22878; Zen BioScience Co., Ltd.).

Techniques: Expressing, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Comparison, Control

Journal: Experimental and therapeutic medicine

Article Title: PDK1 inhibition reduces autophagy and cell senescence through the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway in a cigarette smoke mouse emphysema model.

doi: 10.3892/etm.2023.11922

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 5. PI3K, PDK1, AKT, LC3B II and p16 protein expression levels. Western blotting for (A) PI3K, (B) PDK1, (C) AKT, (D) LC3B and (E) p16 expression in the airway epithelial tissues. GAPDH as an internal control. Semi‑quantification of PI3K, PDK1, AKT, LC3B and p16 protein expression in airway epithelial tissues in each group. aP<0.05 vs. control. bP<0.05 vs. emphysema. The protein expression levels were expressed as the ratio of band intensity for the target protein relative to that for the internal control GAPDH. Values are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation. CS + CSE, emphysema group; CS3, PI3K inhibitor group; CS1, PDK1 inhibitor group; PDK1, phosphoinositide dependent protein kinase 1; p16, cyclin‑dependent kinase inhibitor 2A.

Article Snippet: After the PVDF membrane was blocked with 5% BSA (cat. no. A8020; Beijing Solarbio Science & Technology Co., Ltd.) for 1 h at room temperature, it was incubated overnight at 4 ̊C with the following primary anti‐ bodies: PI3K (1:5,000; cat. no. 60225‐1‐1g); PDK1 (1:500; cat. no. 18262‐1‐AP); AKT (1:5,000; cat. no. 60203‐1‐1g); LC3B (1:500; cat. no. 18725‐1‐AP) (ProteinTech Group, Inc.) and p16 (1:2,000; cat. no. R22878; Zen BioScience Co., Ltd.).

Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot, Control, Standard Deviation