Journal: The Journal of biological chemistry

Article Title: Nerve growth factor-stimulated B-Raf catalytic activity is refractory to inhibition by cAMP-dependent protein kinase.

doi: 10.1074/jbc.274.19.13193

Figure Lengend Snippet: FIG. 3. The catalytic activity of B-Rafcat is inhibited by co- transfection of PKAcat in PC12 cells. A, a plasmid encoding B- Rafcat-GST was expressed in PC12 cells in the absence (2PKA) or presence (1PKA) of co-transfected PKAcat. MEK kinase activity of the glutathione-Sepharose-purified proteins was determined as described in Fig. 2. An anti-B-Raf immunoblot analysis of the samples used for the MEK kinase assay indicates that an equal amount of B-Rafcat-GST fusion protein was present in each reaction. B, a histogram summariz- ing the inhibitory effect of PKAcat on B-Rafcat activity in transfected PC12 cells from four independent experiments. The error bar indicates the standard deviation of the mean.

Article Snippet: PC12 B-Raf was immunopurified from NGF-stimulated PC12 cells by incubating 100 mg of total cell lysate protein with 2 mg of anti-B-Raf IgG (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) and 30 ml of a 1:1 slurry of protein G Plus-Agarose (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) at 4 °C for 1 h. The immune complex was washed as described above.

Techniques: Activity Assay, Cotransfection, Plasmid Preparation, Transfection, Purification, Western Blot, Kinase Assay, Standard Deviation

Journal: The Journal of biological chemistry

Article Title: Nerve growth factor-stimulated B-Raf catalytic activity is refractory to inhibition by cAMP-dependent protein kinase.

doi: 10.1074/jbc.274.19.13193

Figure Lengend Snippet: FIG. 4. Activated B-Raf is not inhibited by PKA in vitro. A, activated B-Raf was immunoprecipitated from NGF-stimulated PC12 cells and incubated in the absence (2PKA) or presence (1PKA) of PKA in vitro. Raf-1 was isolated from immature Xenopus oocytes, activated with purified PKC, and subsequently treated in the presence or absence of PKA. MEK kinase activity of the B-Raf and Raf-1 proteins was measured as described in the legend to Fig. 2. In this experiment, B-Raf was activated by NGF to levels 4-fold higher than the activity of B-Raf in unstimulated PC12 cells. Raf-1 was activated by PKC 12.9-fold higher than the level of Raf-1 in immature Xenopus oocytes. KN-MEK, kinase-negative MEK. B, histograms summarizing the inhibitory effect of PKA on NGF-stimulated B-Raf activity and PKC-stimulated Raf-1 activity from three independent experiments. The error bars indicate the standard errors of the mean.

Article Snippet: PC12 B-Raf was immunopurified from NGF-stimulated PC12 cells by incubating 100 mg of total cell lysate protein with 2 mg of anti-B-Raf IgG (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) and 30 ml of a 1:1 slurry of protein G Plus-Agarose (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) at 4 °C for 1 h. The immune complex was washed as described above.

Techniques: In Vitro, Immunoprecipitation, Incubation, Isolation, Purification, Activity Assay

Journal: The Journal of biological chemistry

Article Title: Nerve growth factor-stimulated B-Raf catalytic activity is refractory to inhibition by cAMP-dependent protein kinase.

doi: 10.1074/jbc.274.19.13193

Figure Lengend Snippet: FIG. 5. Full-length B-Raf is activated by co-expressed PKAcat in PC12 cells. Full-length B-Raf-GST was expressed in PC12 cells in the absence (2PKA) or presence (1PKA) of co-transfected PKAcat. A, B-Raf immunoblot analysis of glutathione-Sepharose affinity-purified lysates performed in the absence of bacterially expressed kinase-nega- tive MEK. B, MEK kinase activity of glutathione-Sepharose-purified proteins was measured as described in the legend to Fig. 2. The histo- gram summarizes the stimulatory effect of PKAcat on B-Raf-GST from three independent experiments. The error bar indicates the standard error of the mean.

Article Snippet: PC12 B-Raf was immunopurified from NGF-stimulated PC12 cells by incubating 100 mg of total cell lysate protein with 2 mg of anti-B-Raf IgG (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) and 30 ml of a 1:1 slurry of protein G Plus-Agarose (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) at 4 °C for 1 h. The immune complex was washed as described above.

Techniques: Transfection, Western Blot, Affinity Purification, Activity Assay, Purification

Journal: Bioconjugate chemistry

Article Title: Simple Method To Prepare Oligonucleotide-Conjugated Antibodies and Its Application in Multiplex Protein Detection in Single Cells.

doi: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00613

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 6. Detection of proteins in cell lysates. A panel of 24-plex antibody binders was used to detect their respective target proteins in MCF7, K562, A549, and A431 cell lysates. The cell lysates were diluted to different concentrations and reacted with a mixture of antibody binders. Only selected examples of protein targets CSTB (A), CASP3 (B), Ki-67(C), and GATA3 (D) are shown. Ct values were shown as the means ± SD. Ct: cycle threshold.

Article Snippet: MCF7, K562, A549, and A431 cell lysates were obtained from Novus (Littleton, CO).

Techniques:

Journal: Cells

Article Title: Melatonin Attenuates Spinal Cord Injury in Mice by Activating the Nrf2/ARE Signaling Pathway to Inhibit the NLRP3 Inflammasome

doi: 10.3390/cells11182809

Figure Lengend Snippet: The oxidative damage scavenging effect of melatonin in neuron cells. ( A ) The survival rates of PC12 cells that received different concentrations of melatonin treatment were detected using a CCK-8 kit (n = 8). ( B ) The ROS produced in PC12 cells that received different treatments were detected by ROS staining (n = 6, scale bar = 100 µm). ( C , D ) The mitochondrial membrane potential in PC12 cells treated with drugs was detected by JC-1 staining (n = 8, scale bar = 100 µm). ( E – G ) The contents of SOD and MDA and the activity of GSH-PX were detected using the corresponding kits in PC12 cells treated with different treatment factors (n = 10). Data are shown as the means ± SD; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: The levels of IL-1β and IL-18 were measured in the PC12 cell culture medium using ELISA kits according to the manufacturer’s instructions (Elabscience, China).

Techniques: CCK-8 Assay, Produced, Staining, Membrane, Activity Assay

Journal: Cells

Article Title: Melatonin Attenuates Spinal Cord Injury in Mice by Activating the Nrf2/ARE Signaling Pathway to Inhibit the NLRP3 Inflammasome

doi: 10.3390/cells11182809

Figure Lengend Snippet: Melatonin suppresses the NLRP3 inflammasome in PC12 cells treated with H2O2 by activating the Nrf2/ARE pathway. ( A – I ) Western blot detection and statistical analysis of NLRP3-inflammasome-related proteins NLRP3, caspase-1, ASC, and IL-1β; and antioxidant-stress-related proteins nuclear Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO-1 in PC12 cells from each group (n = 6). ( J , K ) The levels of IL-1β and IL-18 in the supernatant of PC12 cells were determined by ELISA kits (n = 6). Data are shown as the means ± SD; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: The levels of IL-1β and IL-18 were measured in the PC12 cell culture medium using ELISA kits according to the manufacturer’s instructions (Elabscience, China).

Techniques: Western Blot, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Cells

Article Title: Melatonin Attenuates Spinal Cord Injury in Mice by Activating the Nrf2/ARE Signaling Pathway to Inhibit the NLRP3 Inflammasome

doi: 10.3390/cells11182809

Figure Lengend Snippet: Immunofluorescence double staining of Nrf2 and NLRP3 in PC12 cells treated with H2O2. Immunofluorescence double staining was performed to test the protein level of Nrf2 ( A , B ) and NLRP3 ( C , D ) in PC12 cells from each group (n = 8, scale bar = 100 µm). Data are shown as the means ± SD; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: The levels of IL-1β and IL-18 were measured in the PC12 cell culture medium using ELISA kits according to the manufacturer’s instructions (Elabscience, China).

Techniques: Immunofluorescence, Double Staining

Journal: STAR protocols

Article Title: Differentiating PC12 cells to evaluate neurite densities through live-cell imaging.

doi: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101993

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 1. Schematic of experimental workflow for PC12 cell differentiation

Article Snippet: Optional: If desired, PC12 (NGF-differentiated) lysates (ECM Biosciences Cat#PL7141) can be loaded on the gel as a positive control.

Techniques: Cell Differentiation

Journal: STAR protocols

Article Title: Differentiating PC12 cells to evaluate neurite densities through live-cell imaging.

doi: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101993

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 2. Critical steps for aliquoting reagents and plating PC12 cells for differentiation (A) Set-up for aliquoting NGF, laminin, and CultureOne in tissue culture hood. Use one or two ice buckets and keep reagent vials and all tubes on ice while aliquoting. (B) Wells to avoid using in a 96-well plate (red line) due to increased potential for evaporation in these wells. (C) Improper (left) and proper (right) technique for plating PC12 cells for differentiation. Cell culture plates should be flat on the hood surface and the pipette should be held vertical when adding cells. Graphics in A and B were created with BioRender.com.

Article Snippet: Optional: If desired, PC12 (NGF-differentiated) lysates (ECM Biosciences Cat#PL7141) can be loaded on the gel as a positive control.

Techniques: Evaporation, Cell Culture, Transferring

Journal: STAR protocols

Article Title: Differentiating PC12 cells to evaluate neurite densities through live-cell imaging.

doi: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101993

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 3. Different PC12 cell clonal variants vary in their differentiation rates Neurite densities of 4 different PC12 cell clonal variants each containing a different inducible mutant form of the androgen receptor (not expressed in these experiments), were quantified daily during differentiation until the culture reached a neurite density of 1,500 mm/mm2. The time it took for the 4 clonal variants to reach the target neurite density varied from 3–6 days of differentiation, and clonal variants also differed in their propensity to proliferate and clump during differentiation. Representative images of each clonal variant are shown on the day they reached the target neurite density. Three wells per clonal variant were analyzed and data represent mean G SD with a < 0.05. Images are cropped for clarity.

Article Snippet: Optional: If desired, PC12 (NGF-differentiated) lysates (ECM Biosciences Cat#PL7141) can be loaded on the gel as a positive control.

Techniques: Mutagenesis, Variant Assay

Journal: STAR protocols

Article Title: Differentiating PC12 cells to evaluate neurite densities through live-cell imaging.

doi: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101993

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 4. AraC treatment reduces proliferation and cell clumping in differentiated PC12 cells PC12 cells were differentiated to a neurite density of 1,500 mm/mm2 and treated with 1 mM AraC for 48 h. Three days after AraC treatment, neurite-bearing cells exist as single cells in culture while proliferating cells are greatly reduced. (right, + AraC). In contrast, at the same timepoint in the absence of AraC treatment, neurite-bearing cells exist in clumps (left, - AraC, top) or are overtaken by proliferating cells (left, - AraC, bottom). Images are cropped for clarity.

Article Snippet: Optional: If desired, PC12 (NGF-differentiated) lysates (ECM Biosciences Cat#PL7141) can be loaded on the gel as a positive control.

Techniques:

Journal: STAR protocols

Article Title: Differentiating PC12 cells to evaluate neurite densities through live-cell imaging.

doi: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101993

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 5. Cell confluency over 6 days of differentiation for western blot analysis Images depicting the confluency of PC12 cells every 2 days of differentiation, with corresponding lysis buffer volume used for cell lysis and average protein concentration in cell lysates. Images are cropped for clarity.

Article Snippet: Optional: If desired, PC12 (NGF-differentiated) lysates (ECM Biosciences Cat#PL7141) can be loaded on the gel as a positive control.

Techniques: Western Blot, Lysis, Protein Concentration

Journal: STAR protocols

Article Title: Differentiating PC12 cells to evaluate neurite densities through live-cell imaging.

doi: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101993

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 6. NGF-induced neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells over 6 days of differentiation Upon NGF treatment, PC12 cells undergo a morphology change from a circular to triangular-shaped cell body and gradually extend neurites that develop bulbous terminal ends (arrows). Images are cropped for clarity.

Article Snippet: Optional: If desired, PC12 (NGF-differentiated) lysates (ECM Biosciences Cat#PL7141) can be loaded on the gel as a positive control.

Techniques:

Journal: STAR protocols

Article Title: Differentiating PC12 cells to evaluate neurite densities through live-cell imaging.

doi: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101993

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 7. Differentiated PC12 cells express the neuronal markers Synapsin-1, b-III-Tubulin, and GAP43 (A) Expression of neuronal proteins Synapsin-1, b-III-Tubulin, and GAP43 increase over 6 days of differentiation, corresponding to neurite outgrowth. Phase-contrast images are cropped for clarity. (B) At 6 days of differentiation, neuronal proteins are visualized through immunofluorescence (b-III-Tubulin = red; Synapsin-1 and GAP43 = cyan (pseudo-colored)). Proteins are localized in the nucleus (Synapsin-1 and GAP43), cytoplasm (all), and neurites (all). Arrows indicate expression of Synapsin-1 and GAP43 in the bulbous terminal ends of the neurites. Images are cropped for clarity.

Article Snippet: Optional: If desired, PC12 (NGF-differentiated) lysates (ECM Biosciences Cat#PL7141) can be loaded on the gel as a positive control.

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: STAR protocols

Article Title: Differentiating PC12 cells to evaluate neurite densities through live-cell imaging.

doi: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101993

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 9. Poor and proper dispersion of PC12 cells in a well An example of poor (left) and proper (right) dispersion of PC12 cells after plating. Cells should be plated as single cells and evenly distributed throughout the well. Images are cropped for clarity.

Article Snippet: Optional: If desired, PC12 (NGF-differentiated) lysates (ECM Biosciences Cat#PL7141) can be loaded on the gel as a positive control.

Techniques: Dispersion