Journal: Journal of Ginseng Research

Article Title: Ginsenoside compound K reduces the progression of Huntington's disease via the inhibition of oxidative stress and overactivation of the ATM/AMPK pathway

doi: 10.1016/j.jgr.2021.11.003

Figure Lengend Snippet: AMPK-α1 is a downstream target of ATM in striatal cells.

Article Snippet: Briefly, cells were lysed with ice-cold Tris–NaCl–EDTA (TNE) buffer and incubated with an anti-AMPK-α1 antibody (Novus Biologicals, Littleton, CO, USA) for 1 h at 4 °C on a rolling wheel.

Techniques:

Journal: Journal of Ginseng Research

Article Title: Ginsenoside compound K reduces the progression of Huntington's disease via the inhibition of oxidative stress and overactivation of the ATM/AMPK pathway

doi: 10.1016/j.jgr.2021.11.003

Figure Lengend Snippet: An ATM activator (CPT) triggers ATM and AMPK activation in ST Hdh Q109 cells.

Article Snippet: Briefly, cells were lysed with ice-cold Tris–NaCl–EDTA (TNE) buffer and incubated with an anti-AMPK-α1 antibody (Novus Biologicals, Littleton, CO, USA) for 1 h at 4 °C on a rolling wheel.

Techniques: Activation Assay

Journal: Journal of Ginseng Research

Article Title: Ginsenoside compound K reduces the progression of Huntington's disease via the inhibition of oxidative stress and overactivation of the ATM/AMPK pathway

doi: 10.1016/j.jgr.2021.11.003

Figure Lengend Snippet: Compound K (CK) reduces ATM and AMPK overactivation and enhances Bcl2 expression in mHtt-expressing cells and in the R6/2 mice of HD.

Article Snippet: Briefly, cells were lysed with ice-cold Tris–NaCl–EDTA (TNE) buffer and incubated with an anti-AMPK-α1 antibody (Novus Biologicals, Littleton, CO, USA) for 1 h at 4 °C on a rolling wheel.

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine

Article Title: Red rice bran aqueous extract ameliorate diabetic status by inhibiting intestinal glucose transport in high fat diet/STZ-induced diabetic rats

doi: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2023.12.003

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of RRBE on Glucose Transporter 2 (GLUT2) expression in jejunal epithelial tissues. (A) Normal diet (ND), (B) Normal diet treated with RRBE (ND + RRBE), (C) T2DM rat (DM), (D) T2DM treated with RRBE (DM + RRBE), (E) T2DM treated with metformin (DM + Met), (F) T2DM treated with RRBE and metformin (DM + RRBE + Met). GLUT2 transporter expressions were shown in green color (white arrow). Nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). The original magnification is 10x. (G) Representative blot of GLUT2 membrane protein expression and semi-quantification of relative GLUT2/ALP protein expression, (H) representative blot of GLUT2 cytosol protein expression, and semi-quantification of relative GLUT2/β-actin protein expression. Values are presented as the mean ± the standard error of the mean (n = 3). *p < 0.05 vs. the ND group, #p < 0.05 vs. the T2DM group.

Article Snippet: Polyclonal rabbit anti-SGLT1, GLUT2, 5′ AMP-activated protein kinase, and p-AMPK were purchased from Merck KGaA.

Techniques: Expressing, Staining, Membrane

Journal: NPJ Science of Food

Article Title: In vitro and in silico characterization of adiponectin-receptor agonist dipeptides

doi: 10.1038/s41538-021-00114-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: a The effect of compound C (an AMPK inhibitor) on the promotion of 2-NBDG uptake by Tyr-Pro. L6 myotubes were incubated with 1 µM Tyr-Pro for 1 h in the presence or absence of 20 µM compound C. Insulin (0.1 µM, 0.5 h) was used as negative control (AMPK-independent uptake), while AdipoRon (0.1 µM, 0.5 h) was used as a positive control (AdipoR1-mediated AMPK-dependent uptake). The effect of Tyr-Pro on AMPK activation ( b ) and Glut4 expression ( c ) in L6 myotubes was measured using the Wes instrument. p-AMPK/AMPK in cell lysates and Glut4 protein expression in PM and cell lysates were evaluated in L6 myotubes treated with 1 µM Tyr-Pro for 1 h. Results are expressed as the mean ± SEM ( n = 3–5). Statistical differences were evaluated using Dunnett’s t -test. ** p < 0.01 vs. control, *** p < 0.001 vs. control. Statistical differences between two groups in the presence and absence of compound C were evaluated by unpaired two-tailed Student’s t -test. # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01.

Article Snippet: The primary antibodies used in this study were as follows: AMPK (1:100 dilution, anti-rabbit, 07-350, Lot: 2922422; Merck Millipore, Darmstadt, Germany), p-AMPK (1:100 dilution, anti-rabbit, 07-681, Lot: 2901522; Merck Millipore, Darmstadt, Germany), AdipoR1 (1:50 dilution, anti-rabbit, ab126611, Lot: GR277137-17; Abcam, Cambridge, UK), and Glut4 (1:10 dilution, anti-mouse, 2213S, Lot: 7; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA).

Techniques: Incubation, Negative Control, Positive Control, Activation Assay, Expressing, Control, Two Tailed Test