Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives

Article Title: Filaggrin Polymorphisms and the Uptake of Chemicals through the Skin—A Human Experimental Study

doi: 10.1289/EHP7310

Figure Lengend Snippet: Area under the urine excretion rate curve ( AUC ( 0 – 40 h ) ), lag time for dermal absorption and dermal absorption rate constant by FLG null and CNV genotype.

Article Snippet: Acetone, ethanol, formic acid, pyrimethanil: 4,6-dimethyl-N-phenyl-2-pyrimidinamine (CAS 53112-28-0), pyrene (CAS 129-00-0), and its metabolite 1-hydroxy-pyrene (CAS 5315-79-7), were purchased from Sigma Aldrich; oxybenzone (2-Hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-phenylmethanone (CAS 131-57-7; referred to as benzophenone-3 on cosmetics’ ingredient lists and in EU Cosmetics Regulation); the pyrimethanil metabolite OH-pyrimethanil 4-[(4,6-dimethyl-2-pyrimidinyl) amino] phenol (CAS 81261-84-9); and the internal standards H 3 2 -oxybenzone , H 4 2 OH-pyrimethanil , and H 9 2 - 1 -hydroxy-pyrene , were purchased from Toronto Research Chemicals.

Techniques:

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Mild Effects of Sunscreen Agents on a Marine Flatfish: Oxidative Stress, Energetic Profiles, Neurotoxicity and Behaviour in Response to Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles and Oxybenzone

doi: 10.3390/ijms22041567

Figure Lengend Snippet: Scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) images of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO 2 NPs) suspensions (scale 50 nm) and their size distribution histogram. ( A ) stock suspension in distilled water; ( B ) exposure suspension in saline solution (NaCl 9 g L –1 ) and DMSO; ( C ) mixture of TiO 2 NPs + oxybenzone (BP-3) exposure suspension in NaCl (9 g L –1 ) and DMSO.

Article Snippet: Oxybenzone (BP-3), namely 4-methoxy-2-hydroxybenzophenone (declared purity = 99% and CAS# 131-57-7) was supplied by Merck (Sintra, Portugal).

Techniques: Transmission Assay, Microscopy

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Mild Effects of Sunscreen Agents on a Marine Flatfish: Oxidative Stress, Energetic Profiles, Neurotoxicity and Behaviour in Response to Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles and Oxybenzone

doi: 10.3390/ijms22041567

Figure Lengend Snippet: Oxidative stress responses in the intestine of S. maximus , 3 and 7 days after intraperitoneal injection of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO 2 NPs; 3.0 μg TiO 2 NP per g fish weight), oxybenzone (BP-3; 3.0 μg BP-3 per g fish weight) or their mixture (Mix), as well as the respective control group (C). Different lower-case letters denote significant differences ( p < 0.05). Significant interaction between TiO 2 NPs and BP-3 is depicted by (i) ( p < 0.05). Columns correspond to mean and error bars represent the standard deviation.

Article Snippet: Oxybenzone (BP-3), namely 4-methoxy-2-hydroxybenzophenone (declared purity = 99% and CAS# 131-57-7) was supplied by Merck (Sintra, Portugal).

Techniques: Injection, Standard Deviation

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Mild Effects of Sunscreen Agents on a Marine Flatfish: Oxidative Stress, Energetic Profiles, Neurotoxicity and Behaviour in Response to Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles and Oxybenzone

doi: 10.3390/ijms22041567

Figure Lengend Snippet: Oxidative stress responses in the kidney of S. maximus , 3 and 7 days after intraperitoneal injection of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO 2 NPs; 3.0 μg TiO 2 NP per g fish weight), oxybenzone (BP-3; 3.0 μg BP-3 per g fish weight) or their mixture (Mix), as well as the respective control group (C). Different lower-case letters denote significant differences ( p < 0.05). Significant interaction between TiO 2 NPs and BP-3 is depicted by (i) ( p < 0.05). Columns correspond to mean and error bars represent the standard deviation.

Article Snippet: Oxybenzone (BP-3), namely 4-methoxy-2-hydroxybenzophenone (declared purity = 99% and CAS# 131-57-7) was supplied by Merck (Sintra, Portugal).

Techniques: Injection, Standard Deviation

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Mild Effects of Sunscreen Agents on a Marine Flatfish: Oxidative Stress, Energetic Profiles, Neurotoxicity and Behaviour in Response to Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles and Oxybenzone

doi: 10.3390/ijms22041567

Figure Lengend Snippet: Oxidative stress responses in the liver of S. maximus , 3 and 7 days after intraperitoneal injection of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO 2 NPs; 3.0 μg TiO 2 NP per g fish weight), oxybenzone (BP-3; 3.0 μg BP-3 per g fish weight) or their mixture (Mix), as well as the respective control group (C). Different lower-case letters denote significant differences ( p < 0.05). Significant interaction between TiO 2 NPs and BP-3 is depicted by (i) ( p < 0.05). Columns correspond to mean and error bars represent the standard deviation.

Article Snippet: Oxybenzone (BP-3), namely 4-methoxy-2-hydroxybenzophenone (declared purity = 99% and CAS# 131-57-7) was supplied by Merck (Sintra, Portugal).

Techniques: Injection, Standard Deviation

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Mild Effects of Sunscreen Agents on a Marine Flatfish: Oxidative Stress, Energetic Profiles, Neurotoxicity and Behaviour in Response to Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles and Oxybenzone

doi: 10.3390/ijms22041567

Figure Lengend Snippet: Metabolic profile of the liver of S. maximus assessed by isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), 3 and 7 days after intraperitoneal injection of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO 2 NPs; 3.0 μg TiO 2 NP per g fish weight), oxybenzone (BP-3; 3.0 μg BP-3 per g fish weight) or their mixture (Mix), as well as the respective control group (C). Different lower-case letters denote significant differences ( p < 0.05). Significant interaction between TiO 2 NPs and BP-3 is depicted by (i) ( p < 0.05). Columns correspond to mean and error bars represent the standard deviation.

Article Snippet: Oxybenzone (BP-3), namely 4-methoxy-2-hydroxybenzophenone (declared purity = 99% and CAS# 131-57-7) was supplied by Merck (Sintra, Portugal).

Techniques: Injection, Standard Deviation

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Mild Effects of Sunscreen Agents on a Marine Flatfish: Oxidative Stress, Energetic Profiles, Neurotoxicity and Behaviour in Response to Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles and Oxybenzone

doi: 10.3390/ijms22041567

Figure Lengend Snippet: Neurotoxic profile depicted in the brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity of S. maximus , 3 and 7 days after intraperitoneal injection of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO 2 NPs; 3.0 μg TiO 2 NP per g fish weight), oxybenzone (BP-3; 3.0 μg BP-3 per g fish weight) or their mixture (Mix), as well as the respective control group (C). Different lower-case letters denote significant differences ( p < 0.05). Columns correspond to mean and error bars represent the standard deviation.

Article Snippet: Oxybenzone (BP-3), namely 4-methoxy-2-hydroxybenzophenone (declared purity = 99% and CAS# 131-57-7) was supplied by Merck (Sintra, Portugal).

Techniques: Activity Assay, Injection, Standard Deviation

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Mild Effects of Sunscreen Agents on a Marine Flatfish: Oxidative Stress, Energetic Profiles, Neurotoxicity and Behaviour in Response to Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles and Oxybenzone

doi: 10.3390/ijms22041567

Figure Lengend Snippet: Dark-light preference analysis [seconds (s) spent in each area] of S. maximus , 3 and 7 days after intraperitoneal injection of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO 2 NPs; 3.0 μg TiO 2 NP per g fish weight), oxybenzone [(BP-3; 3.0 μg BP-3 per g fish weight) or their mixture (Mix)], as well as the respective control group (C). Columns correspond to mean and error bars represent the standard deviation.

Article Snippet: Oxybenzone (BP-3), namely 4-methoxy-2-hydroxybenzophenone (declared purity = 99% and CAS# 131-57-7) was supplied by Merck (Sintra, Portugal).

Techniques: Injection, Standard Deviation

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Mild Effects of Sunscreen Agents on a Marine Flatfish: Oxidative Stress, Energetic Profiles, Neurotoxicity and Behaviour in Response to Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles and Oxybenzone

doi: 10.3390/ijms22041567

Figure Lengend Snippet: Behavioural analysis of S. maximus , 3 and 7 days after intraperitoneal injection of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO 2 NPs; 3.0 μg TiO 2 NP per g fish weight), oxybenzone (BP-3; 3.0 μg BP-3 per g fish weight) or their mixture (Mix), as well as the respective control group (C). Results translate behaviour endpoints determined in the white compartment of the dark-light device (adaptation of scototaxis test). Different lower-case letters denote significant differences ( p < 0.05). Significant interaction between TiO 2 NPs and BP-3 is depicted by (i) ( p < 0.05). Columns correspond to mean and error bars represent the standard deviation.

Article Snippet: Oxybenzone (BP-3), namely 4-methoxy-2-hydroxybenzophenone (declared purity = 99% and CAS# 131-57-7) was supplied by Merck (Sintra, Portugal).

Techniques: Injection, Standard Deviation

Journal: Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management

Article Title: Development of a novel rinse‐off method for improved sunscreen exposure assessment

doi: 10.1002/ieam.4451

Figure Lengend Snippet: Mass of UVFs detected in successive seawater rinsates from stick (violet), Lotion 1 (tan), and Lotion 2 (green) formulas trending in order of increasing mass found in water arising from typical application rate (0.5 mg cm −2 ) on skin: (A) OS < (B) OC < (C) HS < (D) AVO < (E) OXY. Error bars show standard error of the mean. AVO, avobenzone; HS, homosalate; OC, octocrylene; OS, octisalate; OXY, oxybenzone

Article Snippet: Reference material for avobenzone (AVO), homosalate (HS), octisalate (OS), octocrylene (OC), and oxybenzone (OXY) were obtained from Fisher Scientific (Pittsburg, PA) and were 97.8% or greater purity.

Techniques:

Journal: Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management

Article Title: Development of a novel rinse‐off method for improved sunscreen exposure assessment

doi: 10.1002/ieam.4451

Figure Lengend Snippet: Total rinse‐off in seawater as a percent of the mass applied from Stick (violet), Lotion 1 (tan), and Lotion 2 (green) formulas. Cross‐hatched segments represent the portion detected in seawater rinsates (cumulative for the four successive seawater rinses). Solid segments represent the portion detected in Jar Samples (removed from skin in seawater rinsate but partitioned to the glass jar rather than remaining in seawater, cumulative for the four solvent extracts of seawater rinse jars). (A) Proportion remaining in water exceeds that partitioning to glass for avobenzone (AVO) and oxybenzone (OXY). (B) Proportion partitioning to glass exceeds that remaining in water for octisalate (OS), homosalate (HS), and octocrylene (OC). Error bars show standard error of the mean

Article Snippet: Reference material for avobenzone (AVO), homosalate (HS), octisalate (OS), octocrylene (OC), and oxybenzone (OXY) were obtained from Fisher Scientific (Pittsburg, PA) and were 97.8% or greater purity.

Techniques:

Journal: Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management

Article Title: Development of a novel rinse‐off method for improved sunscreen exposure assessment

doi: 10.1002/ieam.4451

Figure Lengend Snippet: Mass of UVFs rinsed off in seawater for Lotion 1 applied to skin at the typical rate (gray, 0.5 mg cm −2 ) and at the FDA‐recommended rate (violet, 2.0 mg cm −2 ). Cross‐hatched segments represent the portion detected in seawater rinsates (cumulative for the four successive seawater rinses). Solid segments represent the portion detected in Jar Samples (removed from skin in seawater rinsate, but partitioned to the glass jar rather than remaining in seawater; cumulative for the four solvent extracts of seawater rinse jars). The proportion of applied UVF detected in seawater rinse‐off is significantly smaller for the (higher) FDA‐recommended application rate compared with the (lower) typical application rate for avobenzone (AVO) and oxybenzone (OXY). Statistical significance determined using the Holm–Sidak method, with α = 0.05. Error bars show standard error of the mean

Article Snippet: Reference material for avobenzone (AVO), homosalate (HS), octisalate (OS), octocrylene (OC), and oxybenzone (OXY) were obtained from Fisher Scientific (Pittsburg, PA) and were 97.8% or greater purity.

Techniques: