Journal: Biology of Sex Differences

Article Title: Sex differences in disease severity and immune responses in murine and human inflammatory arthritis

doi: 10.1186/s13293-026-00840-w

Figure Lengend Snippet: Male CIA mice exhibit higher disease severity compared to females. Male and female CIA and saline control mice were monitored for disease severity and assigned clinical scores from day 21 after the first CII challenge until the end of experiment (day 29). (A) Line graphs representing the mean clinical scores of mice starting from day 1 to day 29. On day 29 after the first CII challenge, mice were euthanized by cardiac puncture under anesthesia for blood and serum collection and storage at −80 °C. Serum concentrations of (B) anti-mouse collagen type II antibodies (left panel) and anti-bovine collagen type II antibodies (right panel) were analyzed by ELISA. N = 5 mice per group. One of two independent experiments. Simple linear regression analysis was performed to determine the statistical difference between the lines. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison post hoc test was used to determine the statistical significance between the groups. (*/ # p ≤ 0.05, ** p ≤ 0.005 and ***/ ### p ≤ 0.0005). In Fig. 1A, # significance of comparisons between CIA and saline control mice; *significance of comparisons between sexes of CIA mice

Article Snippet: Serum levels of mouse anti-collagen antibodies (autoantibodies) and bovine anti-collagen antibodies (antibodies to the immunizing antigen) were determined by ELISA using a Mouse Anti-mouse Type II Collagen IgG Antibody Assay Kit and Mouse Anti-Bovine Type II Collagen IgG Antibody Assay Kit, respectively, according to the manufacture’s protocol (Chondrex Inc. WA, USA).

Techniques: Saline, Control, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Comparison

Journal: Neurotherapeutics

Article Title: Tumor suppressive effect of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on glioblastoma progression

doi: 10.1016/j.neurot.2025.e00569

Figure Lengend Snippet: Low-frequency r T MS suppresses cell proliferation by downregulating the expression of FLNA and FLNC in the in vitro GBM model. U87MG were used as the in vitro GBM model. The model was divided into two groups: a sham group (non-treated, n ​= ​4) and a low-frequency group (treated with low-frequency rTMS, n ​= ​4). (A) Schematic figure of low-frequency rTMS treatment on an in vitro GBM model. (B) Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay of the in vitro GBM model with or without low-frequency rTMS treatment. (C) Quantification of CCK-8 assay. (D) ATP assay of in vitro GBM model with or without low-frequency rTMS treatment. (E) The relative gene expression of FLNA and FLNC in the in vitro GBM model with or without low-frequency rTMS treatment, as detected by RT-qPCR. (F) Western blot analysis of FLNA and FLNC in the in vitro glioblastoma model with or without low-frequency rTMS treatment. (G) Quantification of Western blot signals for FLNA and FLNC. Values are presented as means ​± ​standard error of the mean (SEM). Statistically significant differences are shown as ∗ P ​< ​0.05, ∗∗ P ​< ​0.01, ∗∗∗ P ​< ​0.001.

Article Snippet: FLNA or FLNC overexpression plasmids (CAT# RC221764, CAT# RC212462) and the negative control (NC) empty pCMV6 vector (CAT# PS100001) were purchased from Origene (Rockwill, MD, USA).

Techniques: Expressing, In Vitro, Cell Counting, CCK-8 Assay, ATP Assay, Gene Expression, Quantitative RT-PCR, Western Blot

Journal: Neurotherapeutics

Article Title: Tumor suppressive effect of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on glioblastoma progression

doi: 10.1016/j.neurot.2025.e00569

Figure Lengend Snippet: Low-frequency r T MS suppresses cell proliferation and sphereformation by downregulating FLNA and FLNC expression in in vitro GBM models. U87MG TS, TS15-88, and TS21-117 were used as the in vitro GBM models. Models were divided into two groups: a sham group (non-treated, n ​= ​4) and a low-frequency group (treated with low-frequency rMS, n ​= ​4). (A) In vitro GBM sphere models with or without low-frequency rTMS treatment. (B) The ratio of sphere formation in vitro with or without low-frequency rTMS treatment. (C) The sphere radius of in vitro GBM models with or without low-frequency rTMS treatment. (D) Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay of the in vitro GBM models with or without low-frequency rTMS treatment. (E) Quantification of CCK-8 assay. (F) ATP assay of in vitro GBM models with or without low-frequency rTMS treatment. (G) The relative gene expression of FLNA and FLNC in the in vitro GBM models with or without low-frequency rTMS treatment, as detected by RT-qPCR. (H) Western blot analysis of FLNA and FLNC in the in vitro GBM models with or without low-frequency rTMS treatment. (I) Quantification of Western blot signals for FLNA and FLNC. (J) Western blot analysis of FLNA and Ki-67 in the in U87MG TS transfected with FLNA or pCNV6 and with or without low-frequency rTMS treatment (K) Quantification of Western blot signals for FLNA and Ki-67. (L) Western blot analysis of FLNC and Ki-67 in U87MG TS transduced with FLNC or pCNV6 and with or without low-frequency rTMS treatment (M) Quantification of Western blot signals for FLNC and Ki-67. Values are presented as means ​± ​standard error of the mean (SEM). Statistically significant differences are shown as ∗ P ​< ​0.05, ∗∗ P ​< ​0.01, ∗∗∗ P ​< ​0.001.

Article Snippet: FLNA or FLNC overexpression plasmids (CAT# RC221764, CAT# RC212462) and the negative control (NC) empty pCMV6 vector (CAT# PS100001) were purchased from Origene (Rockwill, MD, USA).

Techniques: Expressing, In Vitro, Cell Counting, CCK-8 Assay, ATP Assay, Gene Expression, Quantitative RT-PCR, Western Blot, Transfection, Transduction

Journal: Neurotherapeutics

Article Title: Tumor suppressive effect of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on glioblastoma progression

doi: 10.1016/j.neurot.2025.e00569

Figure Lengend Snippet: Low-frequency rTMS suppressed tumor progression in an in vivo GBM model. The in vivo GBM model was divided into three groups: a sham group (non-treated), a low-frequency group (treated with low-frequency rTMS), and a TMZ group (treated with 30 ​mg/kg temozolomide). (A) Schematic figure of in vivo GBM model study. (B) MRI of brain tumor volume in sham, low-frequency, and TMZ groups ( n ​= ​6). (C) Tumor progression of the in vitro GBM model with or without low-frequency rTMS treatment or TMZ, as measured by tumor volume in the brain from MRI. (D) Final tumor size of the in vitro GBM model with or without low-frequency rTMS treatment, or TMZ. (E) Bioluminescence images of tumor volume on the brain of sham, low-frequency, and TMZ groups ( n ​= ​6). (F) Tumor progression of the in vitro GBM model with or without low-frequency rTMS treatment or TMZ, as measured by signal intensity of tumor mass in the brain. (G) Final signal intensity of tumor size in the in vitro GBM model with or without low-frequency rTMS treatment, or TMZ. (H) Survival rate for each group ( n ​= ​4) was estimated based on Kaplan-Meier curves. Log-rank test ( P ​= ​0.008). (I) Tumor mass stained by FLNA, FLNC and Ki67 antibody and H&E staining. (J) Quantification of cells stained with FLNA, FLNC and Ki67 antibody and H&E staining. (K) TUNEL assay in the in vivo GBM model with or without low-frequency rTMS treatment, or TMZ. (L) TUNEL assay quantification. (M) Tumor mass as stained by p -EphA, p -EGFR, p -ERK, p -JNK, p-p38, AKT, p -AKT, p-PI3K, p -mTOR, MMP2, and MMP9 antibody and H&E staining. (N) Quantification of cells stained with p -EphA, p -EGFR, p -ERK, p -JNK, p-p38, AKT, p -AKT, p-PI3K, p -mTOR, MMP2, and MMP9 staining. Values are presented as means ​± ​SEM. Scale bars ​= ​100 ​μm. Statistically significant differences are shown as ∗∗ P ​< ​0.01, ∗∗∗ P ​< ​0.001.

Article Snippet: FLNA or FLNC overexpression plasmids (CAT# RC221764, CAT# RC212462) and the negative control (NC) empty pCMV6 vector (CAT# PS100001) were purchased from Origene (Rockwill, MD, USA).

Techniques: In Vivo, In Vitro, Staining, TUNEL Assay