Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: 7,8-Dihydroxyflavone improves neuropathological changes in the brain of Tg26 mice, a model for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder

doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-97220-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: List of primary antibodies.

Article Snippet: Anti TLR4 , Toll-like receptor 4 , Novus Biotechne , 1:200 (IHC).

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Marker

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: 7,8-Dihydroxyflavone improves neuropathological changes in the brain of Tg26 mice, a model for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder

doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-97220-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: DHF treatment downregulates activation of the TLR4 and NFkB. Legend: TLR4 and NFkB expression in the hippocampus and cortex of Wild Type (WT), Tg26, and DHF treated Tg26 mice ( A - P ). Immunohistochemical stained sections show TLR4 and NFkB expressing cells in the hippocampal and cortex regions of the mice brains. 3 and 3 WT mice, respectively, 3 Tg26 mice, and 4 TG + DHF mice were used. A, B, C, E, F, G, I, J, K, M, N, and O are 400 × magnification pictures of the hippocampus and cortex regions of the mice. ( D ) Quantification of TLR4 expressing cells in the hippocampus: p < 0.001, WT versus Tg; p < 0.001 Tg versus Tg + DHF. ( H ) Quantification of TLR4 expressing cells in cortex: p < 0.05, WT versus Tg; p < 0.001, Tg versus Tg + DHF. ( L ) Quantification of NFkB expressing cells in the hippocampus: p < 0.001, WT versus Tg; p < 0.001 Tg versus Tg + DHF. ( P ) Quantification of NFkB expressing cells in cortex: p < 0.001, WT versus Tg; p > 0.05, Tg versus Tg + DHF. The total numbers of hippocampal fields analyzed (WT, Tg26, TG + DHF) for each antibody were TLR4 (55, 87, 104), NFkB (154, 72, 101). The total numbers of cortex fields analyzed (WT, Tg26, TG + DHF) for each antibody were TLR4 (15, 15, 20), NFkB (15, 15, 20). One Way ANOVA with Bonferroni's Multiple Comparison post- test. scale bar, 100 μm.

Article Snippet: Anti TLR4 , Toll-like receptor 4 , Novus Biotechne , 1:200 (IHC).

Techniques: Activation Assay, Expressing, Immunohistochemical staining, Staining

Journal: International journal of molecular sciences

Article Title: A Xanthohumol-Rich Hop Extract Diminishes Endotoxin-Induced Activation of TLR4 Signaling in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells: A Study in Healthy Women.

doi: 10.3390/ijms232012702

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 4. Protein concentration of MD−2, TLR4 and CD14 in LPS−stimulated PBMCs obtained from healthy study participants. Representative blots (a) and densitometric analysis of MD−2 western blot (b), TLR4 protein concentration in total protein lysate (c) and sCD14 protein concentration in cell culture supernatant (d) of PBMCs obtained from study participants either receiving a placebo or XN stimulated with LPS (100 ng/mL) for 6 h. LPS, lipopolysaccharide; MD−2, myeloid differentiation factor 2; PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cell; sCD14, soluble cluster of differentiation 14; TLR, toll−like receptor; XN, xanthohumol derived through a XN−rich hop extract. Data are expressed as means ± SEM. * = p < 0.05.

Article Snippet: In brief, polystyrene 96 well plates (R&D Systems Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA) were coated with MD-2 (#NB100-56655; Novus Bio, Centennial, CO, USA), CD14 (#56082S, Cell Signaling Technology Inc, Danvers, MA, USA) or TLR4 (#NB100-56723SS; Novus Bio, Centennial, CO, USA) antibodies over night at 4 ◦C.

Techniques: Protein Concentration, Western Blot, Cell Culture, Derivative Assay

Journal: International journal of molecular sciences

Article Title: A Xanthohumol-Rich Hop Extract Diminishes Endotoxin-Induced Activation of TLR4 Signaling in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells: A Study in Healthy Women.

doi: 10.3390/ijms232012702

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 6. Inhibitory effect of XN on LPS−binding to MD−2, TLR4 and CD14. Effect of increasing concentrations of XN (0–8 µg/mL) on LPS−binding to MD−2 (a), TLR4 (b) and CD14 (c) as well as receptor activity of hTLR4 HEK293 cells co−stimulated with LPS (100 ng/mL), XN (4 µg/mL) and sCD14 (1000 ng/mL) for 12 h (d). LPS, lipopolysaccharide; MD−2, myeloid differentiation factor 2; sCD14, soluble cluster of differentiation 14; TLR, toll−like receptor; XN, xanthohumol derived through a XN−rich hop extract. Data are expressed as means ± SEM. # = p < 0.05 compared to unstimulated control (0 ng/mL LPS, 0 µg/mL XN). * = p < 0.05 compared to LPS−stimulated cells.

Article Snippet: In brief, polystyrene 96 well plates (R&D Systems Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA) were coated with MD-2 (#NB100-56655; Novus Bio, Centennial, CO, USA), CD14 (#56082S, Cell Signaling Technology Inc, Danvers, MA, USA) or TLR4 (#NB100-56723SS; Novus Bio, Centennial, CO, USA) antibodies over night at 4 ◦C.

Techniques: Binding Assay, Activity Assay, Derivative Assay, Control