Journal: The Journal of Neuroscience

Article Title: The Frequency Response of Outer Hair Cell Voltage-Dependent Motility Is Limited by Kinetics of Prestin

doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0425-18.2018

Figure Lengend Snippet: Electrical configuration of whole-cell and microchamber voltage clamp. A, Whole-cell clamp speed is limited by τ ≈ Rs * Cm. Stray capacitance (amplifier, pipette holder, and pipette) is typically modeled in a position that does not interfere with voltage-clamp speed, but can influence measured high-frequency currents if not compensated. B, The microchamber partitions the cell partway within the orifice of the macropipette. Stray Cs1 is as with whole-cell mode. The frequency response of voltage clamp also depends on Rs and Cm, since stray Cs2, if it contributes at all, is dominated by Cm. The configuration in the figure is for a cell midway in the microchamber, membrane Cm equally divided. At high frequencies, the input capacitance will be the series combination of Cm/2 and Cm/2, giving a value of Cm/4. Thus, τ ≈ Rs * Cm/4 provides a faster clamp than whole cell, but the configuration suffers from lack of DC voltage-clamp control across the membranes. With partitioning of the cell more or less within the chamber, the series combination of the nonequal partitioned cell Cm will provide an input Cm less than the smaller of the two partitioned capacitances, regardless of its location inside or outside the microchamber. Thus, clamp τ for both inserted and extruded membranes will have the same U-shaped speed function, being slowest at the half-inserted condition, as depicted. C, Displayed are two current traces (ta and tb) generated by a Matlab Simscape microchamber model using a voltage protocol similar to our DC off-set AC voltage protocol (Fig. 10B, inset). The red trace (also marked with a downward red triangle) is at zero offset, and the blue trace (also marked with an upward blue triangle) is at an offset of −65 mV. Black lines are single exponential fits. Under voltage clamp, the time course of capacitive currents mirrors the time course of the voltage delivered to the cell membrane, as shown in D and E. See text for more details.

Article Snippet: Models were implemented in Matlab Simulink and Simscape, as detailed previously ( Song and Santos-Sacchi, 2013 ; Santos-Sacchi and Song, 2014 ).

Techniques: Transferring, Generated

Journal: IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics

Article Title: High-Performance Motion Control of the METIS Cold Chopper Mechanism

doi: 10.1109/tmech.2016.2578678

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 9. Chopping timeline related to hybrid controller (first repetition only). The step (red curve) is performed applying FF only (u j). During the observation periods (blue curve) the hybrid controller is active (v). The reset and memory actions are visualized by the arrows. The control states related to the internal model (ξim) are reset at time t2 to the corresponding values at t1. These states are applied as initial condition during the next repetition at the same observation position. (The same applies to the second observation position). We remark that for square wave chopping the internal model consists of a simple integrator and resetting of the control states is actually not required (Me−1 = I). The reset action in the figure illustrates the more general case when richer exosystem dynamics (described by ϒ) are considered.

Article Snippet: The Matlab xPC target platform is used to implement the digital controller (designed in Matlab Simulink using a host PC) on a target machine.

Techniques: Control

Journal: IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics

Article Title: High-Performance Motion Control of the METIS Cold Chopper Mechanism

doi: 10.1109/tmech.2016.2578678

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 11. Repetitive control layout. The repetitive loop is placed in parallel with the standard feedback controller. N is the number of discrete samples in one repetition.

Article Snippet: The Matlab xPC target platform is used to implement the digital controller (designed in Matlab Simulink using a host PC) on a target machine.

Techniques: Control

Journal: IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics

Article Title: High-Performance Motion Control of the METIS Cold Chopper Mechanism

doi: 10.1109/tmech.2016.2578678

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 14. Tracking error during 5Hz chop after convergence (after 4.805 sec at θy= 8.5 mrad position). Tracking of the hybrid controller is limited due to the non linearities which are not accounted for in the FF design.

Article Snippet: The Matlab xPC target platform is used to implement the digital controller (designed in Matlab Simulink using a host PC) on a target machine.

Techniques: