Journal: Microsystems & Nanoengineering

Article Title: A new microchannel capillary flow assay (MCFA) platform with lyophilized chemiluminescence reagents for a smartphone-based POCT detecting malaria

doi: 10.1038/s41378-019-0108-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: a Variation in chemiluminescence intensity with HRP concentration for liquid chemiluminescent substrate and lyophilized and serum-reconstituted chemiluminescent substrate and b Contact angle analysis of DI water and artificial serum on flat COC chip, dip-coated in 1% BSA in PBS for different periods of time

Article Snippet: Uniglow TM one-component chemiluminescent (CL) substrate, Uniglow-0100 (Rockland antibodies and assay, USA) and QuantaRed TM Enhanced Chemifluorescent (CF) HRP Substrate, 15159 (Thermo Fisher Scientific), were used to perform the CL-based and CF-based assays, respectively.

Techniques: Concentration Assay

Journal: Microsystems & Nanoengineering

Article Title: A new microchannel capillary flow assay (MCFA) platform with lyophilized chemiluminescence reagents for a smartphone-based POCT detecting malaria

doi: 10.1038/s41378-019-0108-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: a Flowchart depicting the architecture of the android application, b Application screenshots showing step by step operation of the smartphone analyzer, c The voltage vs time plot for different concentrations of malaria biomarker PfHRP2 as recorded by the smartphone and d the voltage variation with different concentrations of malaria biomarker PfHRP2 as recorded by the smartphone analyzer is plotted (red line) as compared to the chemiluminescent intensity recorded by a conventional reader for the same PfHRP2 concentrations

Article Snippet: Uniglow TM one-component chemiluminescent (CL) substrate, Uniglow-0100 (Rockland antibodies and assay, USA) and QuantaRed TM Enhanced Chemifluorescent (CF) HRP Substrate, 15159 (Thermo Fisher Scientific), were used to perform the CL-based and CF-based assays, respectively.

Techniques: Biomarker Discovery

Journal: Frontiers in immunology

Article Title: Trained Immunity Confers Prolonged Protection From Listeriosis.

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.723393

Figure Lengend Snippet: FIGURE 6 | Training for 9 weeks reduces Listeria-induced inflammation measured by bioluminescence imaging. Control mice and mice trained 9 weeks before infection (n = 4 mice per group) were challenged i.v. with 1.7 x 104 CFU L. monocytogenes. One day and 2 days post infection, inflammatory levels were measured by luminol-generated bioluminescence using an imaging system. (A) Quantification of bioluminescent signals. Each dot represents a mouse. Lines connect results obtained from one animal analyzed 1 and 2 days post infection (p.i.). (B) Representative images of control and trained mice analyzed 2 days p.i. displayed as an overlay of luminescent and X Ray modalities. Control versus trained at day 1 and day 2: P = 0.052 and 0.062, respectively.

Article Snippet: September 2021 | Volume 12 | Article 723393 Quantification of Inflammation In Vivo by Bioluminescence Imaging Mice were injected i.p. with 200 mg/kg luminol (Carbosynth, Staad, Switzerland).

Techniques: Imaging, Control, Infection, Generated

Journal: Advanced healthcare materials

Article Title: Implantable silk composite microneedles for programmable vaccine release kinetics and enhanced immunogenicity in transcutaneous immunization.

doi: 10.1002/adhm.201300139

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 6 . Vaccine-releasing composite microneedles prolong local infl ammation. a) Whole animal chemiluminescent images of mice treated (arrows, right ear) with composite micronee- dles containing OVA and polyI:C in silk tips ( ± MeOH treatment) and PAA pedestals. Mice were imaged following luminol administration to visualize MPO-dependent oxidative fl ux in activated immune cells. b) Quantitative analysis of total luminescent signal measured at the treatment site for mice receiving i.d. injection or microneedle delivery of OVA and polyI:C in silk tips ( ± MeOH treatment) and PAA pedestals. ( ∗ p < 0.05 compared to baseline.)

Article Snippet: For luminescent imaging of myeloperoxidase (MPO)-dependent oxidative burst, luminol sodium salt (Santa Cruz Biotech, Santa Cruz, CA) was administered i.p. (250 mg kg − 1 ) before imaging.

Techniques: Injection

Journal: Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology

Article Title: In and out: Leishmania metastasis by hijacking lymphatic system and migrating immune cells

doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.941860

Figure Lengend Snippet: Lgy LRV1+ parasites induced a progressively severe metastatic phenotype in Ifng -/- mice. (A–G) Ifng -/- mice were infected in the hind FP with 1x10 6 Lgy LRV1+ or Lgy LRV1- stationary-phase metacyclic promastigotes. Different proxies of disease progression were documented weekly from W1-W8 p.i, between Lgy LRV1+ (red) and Lgy LRV1- (blue) groups by measuring (A) FP swelling; (B–D) parasite burden measured in terms of parasite bio-luminescence in (B) FP ; (C) Tail ; and (D) representative images comparing the pattern of parasite dissemination along whole mice body between both groups with time; (E) x-ray pictures, along with camera pictures, showing the appearance of metastatic nodules, quantified by absolute count of the number of nodules per tail in both groups. (F, G) inflammation measured in terms of myeloid peroxidase activity, quantified by parasite bio-luminescence weekly in (F) FP and (G) Tail. Represented statistical data are a pool of three independent experiments whereas associated images are representative from one of these experiments of the pool, with n ≥ 10 mice /group/ time point. Each experiment was repeated 5 times independently with similar results. The statistics are shown as mean ± SEM with p values determined for significance, calculated at each mentioned time-point between both groups, using two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s post-test for A-C and E-G. Stars of significance are determined as *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001. Non-significant differences (ns) were not represented on the graphs while stars for significance were annotated in red if the value associated with LgyLRV1+ is > LgyLRV1−, and in blue if LgyLRV1− > LgyLRV1+, at each time- point, for easy reference.

Article Snippet: Additionally, in vivo read out of inflammation was measured similarly by injecting Luminol sodium salt (Carbosynth) at a concentration of 200 mg/kg i.p.

Techniques: Infection, Biomarker Discovery, Activity Assay

Journal: Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology

Article Title: In and out: Leishmania metastasis by hijacking lymphatic system and migrating immune cells

doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.941860

Figure Lengend Snippet: Lgy LRV1+ parasites triggered increased Evan’s blue drainage and hyper-inflammation of draining LNs. (A–H) Stereomicroscopic images (scale bars: 1 mm) of the LNs were taken, after injecting 5% Evan’s blue (in DPBS) for 20 min, in the hind FP of both Ifng −/− naive and Ifng −/− Lgy LRV1+ at week 4 p.i. (as represented in columns 1 and 2, respectively). Simultaneously, Ifng −/− mice were infected at 1×10 6 /FP either with Lgy LRV1+ ( Ifng −/− Lgy LRV1+ in red) or Lgy LRV1− ( Ifng −/− Lgy LRV1− in blue), along with the uninfected PBS-injected control ( Ifng −/− naive in black). The total number of cells in each of the three groups from W1 to W8 p.i. are represented in (A) FP, (B) PLN, (C) ILN, (D) SLN, (E) ALN, (F) CLN, (G) MLN, and (H) iliac LN in column 3. These cell counts of each organ are representative of three pooled experiment (n ≥ 18 mice/group/time point) and repeated at least three times independently with similar results for each group. Thus, represented statistical data are a pool of three independent experiments, whereas associated images are representative from one of these experiments of the pool, with n ≥ 5 mice/group/time point, and repeated five times with similar results. Statistics are represented as mean ± SD with p-values and significance determined by performing two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s post-test on cell counts of each group, at each time point. Only significant points were determined as *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, and ****p < 0.0001, and annotated in red ( Lgy LRV1+) and in blue ( Lgy LRV1−), as compared to naive. Significance between Lgy LRV1+ and Lgy LRV1−, at each time point, is denoted by black asterisk.

Article Snippet: Additionally, in vivo read out of inflammation was measured similarly by injecting Luminol sodium salt (Carbosynth) at a concentration of 200 mg/kg i.p.

Techniques: Infection, Injection, Control

Journal: Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology

Article Title: In and out: Leishmania metastasis by hijacking lymphatic system and migrating immune cells

doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.941860

Figure Lengend Snippet: Overall model of dissemination and metastasis of Lgy parasites through lymphatics. Representative schematic diagram proposes the model of systemic dissemination of Lgy parasites, through sequential infection of mentioned draining LNs following different lymphatic routes, thereby gaining access to the systemic circulation for widespread metastasis in infected Ifng −/− mouse. The diagram summarizes stepwise events following an FP infection with either Lgy LRV1+ or Lgy LRV1− metacyclic promastigotes, leading to (1) hyper-inflammation of the infection site, causing the (2) recruitment of various CD45 + immune cells that exacerbates the disease. (3) Infection of recruited neutrophils, macrophages, and other immune cells facilitates the transformation and multiplication of amastigotes (from the promastigotes form) within these cells by simple division, which then ruptures to release free amastigotes. (4) Amastigotes move freely or in clumps, either infecting or getting stuck to the surface of different moving immune cells additionally to enter the draining LNs via lymph. (5) Influx of amastigotes causes hyper-inflammation of SCS in draining LNs, leading to further exacerbation. (6) Efferent lymphatic collecting vessels carry these parasites (in all four described forms) to infect other draining LNs sequentially in a similar manner. (7) All lymphatic collecting vessels ultimately join the thoracic duct, thereby draining Lgy parasites to systemic circulation, which can then (8) disseminate them further to favorable sites for continued multiplication, thereby facilitating large-scale metastases and causing secondary debilitating lesions. Although Lgy LRV1− infection displayed a significantly delayed disease phenotype, the sequence of disease progression followed exactly similar pattern of dissemination described.

Article Snippet: Additionally, in vivo read out of inflammation was measured similarly by injecting Luminol sodium salt (Carbosynth) at a concentration of 200 mg/kg i.p.

Techniques: Infection, Transformation Assay, Sequencing, Biomarker Discovery